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COMPARATIVE STUDY IN LARVICIDAL EFFICACY OF MEDICINAL PLANT EXTRACTS AGAINST Culex quinquefasciatus

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S Narendhiran
S Narendhiran
S Narendhiran
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Mohanasundaram Sugumar at SRM College of Agricultural Sciences SRM Institute of Science and Technology
Mohanasundaram Sugumar
  • SRM College of Agricultural Sciences SRM Institute of Science and Technology
Arun Jayaseelan at Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology
Arun Jayaseelan
Lingges Saravanan at Universiti Utara Malaysia
Lingges Saravanan
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Abstract

Mosquitoes transmit human diseases, causing millions and millions of deaths every year Mosquito borne diseases are one of the most serious public health problems in the developing countries. It can be controlled by using repellent, causing larval mortality and the development of resistance to chemical insecticides resulting in rebounding vectorial capacity. Plants may be alternative sources of mosquito control agents. Medicinal plants extracts of Leucas aspera,Vitex negundo and Azadirachta indica, Melia dubia, Ocimum tenuiflorun and Eucalyptus tereticornis were tested for their larvicidal activity against Culex quinquefasciatus. There are four different solvents were used (Petroleum ether, Water, Acetone and Ethyl acetate) for the preparation of crude extracts from the plant leaves. The larval mortality of second and third instar larvae C. quinquefasciatus after 24 hour to 48 hour of treatment were observed separately in control, 250, 500, 750, and 1000 ppm concentrations of the leaf extract. The seven different solvent extract of Vitex negundo showed good larvicidal activity.
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22
International Journal of Research in Plant Science 2014; 4(1): 22-25
ISSN 2249-9717
Original Article
COMPARATIVE STUDY IN LARVICIDAL EFFICACY OF MEDICINAL
PLANT EXTRACTS AGAINST Culex quinquefasciatus
*S. NARENDHIRAN, S. MOHANASUNDARAM, J. ARUN, L. SARAVANAN, L. CATHERINE, M. SUBATHRA, R.V. RANNJITH,
PRASANNA, ALAGESAN, BUVANESHWRI
Karpaga Vinayaga College of Engineering and Technology, S.Narendhiran, Department of Biotechnology, G.S.T road,
Madhuranthagam – 603 308, Kanchipuram District, Tamilnadu, India.
Corresponding author: narenbioresearch@gmail.com
Received 16 January 2014; accepted 24 January 2014
Abstract
Mosquitoes transmit human diseases, causing millions and millions of deaths every year Mosquito borne diseases are one
of the most serious public health problems in the developing countries. It can be controlled by using repellent, causing
larval mortality and the development of resistance to chemical insecticides resulting in rebounding vectorial capacity.
Plants may be alternative sources of mosquito control agents. Medicinal plants extracts of Leucas aspera,Vitex negundo
and Azadirachta indica, Melia dubia, Ocimum tenuiflorun and Eucalyptus tereticornis were tested for their larvicidal
activity against Culex quinquefasciatus. There are four different solvents were used (Petroleum ether, Water, Acetone and
Ethyl acetate) for the preparation of crude extracts from the plant leaves. The larval mortality of second and third instar
larvae C. quinquefasciatus after 24 hour to 48 hour of treatment were observed separately in control, 250, 500, 750, and
1000 ppm concentrations of the leaf extract. The seven different solvent extract of Vitex negundo showed good larvicidal
activity. © 2014 Universal Research Publications. All rights reserved
Keywords: Larvicidal, Medicinal plant extracts, Culex quinquefasciatus.
INTRODUCTION
The mosquito is the principal vector of many of the vector
borne diseases affecting human beings and other animals.
Several mosquito species belonging to genera Anopheles,
Culex and Aedes are vectors for the pathogens of various
diseases like malaria, filariasis, japanese encephalitis,
dengue fever, dengue haemorrhagic fever and yellow fever.
Repeated use of synthetic insecticides for mosquito control
has disrupted natural biological control systems and led to
resurgences in mosquito populations. It has also resulted in
the development of resistance, undesirable effects on non-
target organisms and fostered environmental and human
health concern, which initiated a search for alternative
control measures. Plants are considered as a rich source of
bioactive chemicals and they may be an alternative source
of mosquito control agents 3. One of the approaches for
control of these mosquito borne diseases is the interruption
of disease transmission by either killing, preventing
mosquitoes to bite human beings (by using repellents) or by
causing larval mortality in a large scale at the breeding
centres of the vectors. This study is concerned with the
using of such effective plant source against the larval of
Mosquito.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The list of plant leaves included in this study was
1. Vitex negundo (Nochi)
2. Azadirachta indica (neem)
3. Melia dubia (Malai Vembu)
4. Leucas aspera (Thumbai)
5. Ocimum tenuiflorum (thulasi)
6. Eucalyptus tereticornics (Thailam)
SOLVENTS USED
The solvents used for the preparation of crude extract from
the plants are
1. Petroleum ether
2. Ethyl acetate
3. Ethanol
4. Water
PREPARATION OF MEDICINAL PLANT
EXTRACTS CRUDE EXTRACT
The locally available plant leaves were collected from
Vedanthangal Village near Madurandhagam, TamilNadu,
INDIA. The leaves of the plant material were shade dried
for about 15 days (28±2ºC). The completely dried leaves
were ground and sieved to get fine powder from which the
extracts were prepared. The dried leaves were made to fine
Available online at http://www.urpjournals.com
International Journal of Research in Plant Science
Universal Research Publications. All rights reserved
23
International Journal of Research in Plant Science 2014; 4(1): 22-25
Table-1
S.No
Plant Extract
Concentration
(ppm)
Duration
(hrs)
Mortality
Rate
1.
Control
0
48
0%
2.
Vitex Negundo
250
48
13%
3.
Azadirachta Indica
250
48
18%
4.
Melia Dudia
250
48
15%
5.
Leucas Aspera
250
48
23%
6.
Ocimum Tenuiflorum
250
48
20%
7.
Eucalyptus Tereticorins
250
48
32%
Table-2
S.No
Plant Extract
Concentration
(ppm)
Duration
(hrs)
No.of Larvae
used
Mortality
Rate
1.
Control
0
48
50
0%
2.
Vitex Negundo
500
48
50
20%
3.
Azadirachta Indica
500
48
50
16%
4.
Melia Dudia
500
48
50
28%
5.
Leucas Aspera
500
48
50
23%
6.
Ocimum Tenuiflorum
500
48
50
34%
7.
Eucalyptus Tereticorins
500
48
50
43%
Table-3
S.No
Plant Extract
Concentration
(ppm)
Duration
(hrs)
No.of Larvae
used
Mortality
Rate
1.
Control
0
48
50
0%
2.
Vitex Negundo
750
48
50
64%
3.
Azadirachta Indica
750
48
50
44%
4.
Melia Dudia
750
48
50
34%
5.
Leucas Aspera
750
48
50
44%
6.
Ocimum Tenuiflorum
750
48
50
32%
7.
Eucalyptus Tereticorins
750
48
50
60%
Table-4
S.No
Plant Extract
Concentration
(ppm)
Duration
(hrs)
No.of Larvae
used
Mortality
Rate
1.
Control
0
48
50
0%
1.
Vitex Negundo
1000
48
50
82%
2.
Azadirachta Indica
1000
48
50
37%
3.
Melia Dudia
1000
48
50
28%
5.
Leucas Aspera
1000
48
50
58%
6.
Ocimum Tenuiflorum
1000
48
50
49%
7.
Eucalyptus Tereticorins
1000
48
50
52%
powder by crushing it in a mixer grinder. Each plant leaf
powder was taken separately.
COLLECTION OF MOSQUITO LARVAES
The mosquito larvae (Culex quinquefasciatus) were
collected from The Kolavai Lake (KolavaiEri), situated
near Chennai-Trichy railway line on the eastern side of the
Chengalpattu town in the Kancheepuram district of Tamil
Nadu.The larvae were collected in a container and
transferred to the laboratory immediately. From these
larvae, unwanted large size larvae and pupae were collected
and discarded from the remaining medium sized larvae
second and third instar larvae alone were collected for the
larvicidal bioassay. Feed is supplied to the mosquito larvae
for its growth.
PREPARATION 0F VARIOUS CONCENTRATIONS
OF CRUDE EXTRACTS
The crude extracts from each plant leaf was made into
different concentrations of 250ppm, 500ppm, 750ppm, and
1000ppm respectively. For the bioassay study 50 larvaes
were taken in a plastic container with 100ml of water.
Totally 7 containers containing 50 larvaes were taken for
each concentration of the plant crude extract and control.
LARVICIDAL BIOASSAY
Initially 12.5 mg crude extract of petroleum ether solvent of
each solvent extract was taken and dissolved in 1ml of
acetone in an eppendorf. Then the dissolved crude extract
was mixed in container containing 50 larvae in 100ml of
water. Every 24 hours the mortality rate was noted and
reading was taken. The dead larvae were taken out at every
24 hours since it may leads to contamination of the water.
The readings were taken for 2 days (48hours).
Then 0.25% (250ppm) concentration from each plant crude
extract was introduced into containers containing larvae.
Similarly for this reading was taken for every 24 hours for
24
International Journal of Research in Plant Science 2014; 4(1): 22-25
2 days. Then 0.50% concentration (500ppm) of crude
extract was introduced and reading was noted for every
24hrs for two days.
RESULT AND DISCUSSION
Larvicidal activities of seven medicinal plant extracts were
studied with the control, 250, 500, 750, and 1000 ppm
concentrations . The present study assessed the role of
larvicidal activities of Medicinal plants extracts of Leucas
aspera,Vitex negundo and Azadirachta indica, Melia dubia,
Piper nigrum, Ocimum tenuiflorun and Eucalyptus
tereticornis by Solvents Petroleum ether, Water, Acetone
and Ethyl acetate against the larvae of malaria vector
Culexquinquefasciatus.The activity of crude extracts of the
medicinal plant is was noted. The seven different solvents
were tested against Culex quinquefasciatus and larval
mortality percent was observed .through statisticall analysis
it was analysed that All plant extracts showed moderate
toxic effect on larval. however, the highest mortality rate
was found by the Vitex negundo plant extracts.
CONCLUSION
An insecticide does will not cause high mortality on target
larvae but may serve medicinal plants extracts as suitable
alternatives to synthetic insecticides. Plant extract are more
safer, inexpensive, reduce dependence on imported
products (synthetic) and are readily available in many
region of the world. The findings of the present
investigation revealed that Medicinal plants extracts of
Leucas aspera, Vitex negundo, Azadirachta indica, Melia
dubia, Piper nigrum Ocimum tenuiflorun and Eucalyptus
tereticornis good larvicidal activity against Culex
quinquefasciatus and Leucas aspera. Statistically Vitex
negundo had high larvicidal efficacy. These Medicinal
plants extracts are the best alternate product against the
control of mosquitoes vectorit can be replace the chemical
pesticides which cause environmental pollutions and other
health problems.
REFERENCES
1. Kelm,M.A., M.G. Nair and R.A. Schutzki, 1997.
Mosquitocidal compounds from Magnolia Applied
salicifolia. International Journal of Pharmacognosy,
35(2): 84-90.
2. Sharma,P., L. Mohan and C.N. Srivastava, 2004.
Larval susceptibility of Ajuga remota against
anopheline and culicine mosquitoes. Southeast Asian
Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health, 35(3):
608-610.
3. Maheswaran, R., Sathish. S and Ignacimuthu. S. 2008.
Larvicidal activity of Leucas aspera against the larvae
of Culex quinquefasciatus and Aedes
aegypti.International Journal of Integrative
Biology.2(3):214-217.
4. Aina,S.A., Banjo, A.D., Lawal, O.A and Jonathan, K
.2009.Efficacy of some plant extracts on Anopheles
gambiae Mosquito larvae. Academic Journal of
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5. Shanklin, J. & Cahoon, E. B. (1998), Annu. Rev. Plant
Physiol. Plant Mol. Biol. 49, 611–641.
6. Abdelouaheb, A., Nassima, R and Noureddine, S.
2009. Larvicidal Activity of a Neem Tree Extract
(Azadirachtin) Against Mosquito Larvae in the
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Sciences. 2(1):15-22.
7. Abdul Rahuman,A., Geetha,G. Venkatesan, P and.
Geetha, K. (2008) Isolation and identification of
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mosquito larvicidal compound form Abutilon
indicum(Linn). Sweet parasitol. Res., 102: 981-988.
8. Cheng, S., Liu, K.H., Chen, W.J and Chang, S.T. 2004.
Chemical composition and mosquito larvicidal activity
of essential oil from leaves of different Cinnamomum
osmophloeum provenances.Journal of agricultural food
chemistry.52:4395-4400.
9. Dewan and Baruddoza. 2008. Larvicidal Activities of
Aquous Extracts of Nineteen Indian Plants Against
Two Mosquito Species, Aedes(s) Albopictus and
Culex Quinquefasciatus.Journal of Environmental
biology.17(5):172-176
10. Senthilkumar A, Kannathasan K, Venkatesalu V.
Chemical constituentanlarvicidalproperty of the
essential oil of Blumea mollis (D. Don) Merr against
Culex quinquefasciatus. Parasitol Res 2008; 103:
959-962.
Source of support: Nil; Conflict of interest: None declared
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A review on a medicinal plant belong to family Labiatae has been made in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Among the reported flora in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Labiatae family has the highest species. A total of 23 species of Labiatae family has been reported with high medicinal value. A detail review on 12 species of Labiatae family had done to know their phytochemical constituents, medicinal uses and pharmacological properties. In this review we also explore the total chemical constituents present in each plant with a unique list of 3D chemical structures. (E)-2-Hexenal, 1,8-Cineole, Bicyclogermacrene, Borneol, Bornyl acetate, Bulnesol, Caffeic acid, Camphene, Camphor, Eugenol, Gallic acid, Quercetin, Terpinene, Thymol, etc are the important constituent in these 12 species of Labiatae family. This study also shows that Marrubium vulgare L, Ocimum basilicum L, Origanum majorana and Otostegia fruticosa plants had reported with many medicinal uses and pharmacological properties. Medicinal constituents include the highest phenolic, flavonoid content and strong aromatic essential oil. Further scientific investigations on these 12 species are needed to explore toxicity and clinical efficacy and as well as to explore the therapeutic effects of major secondary metabolites. The summarized information from the current review may be a useful tool for researchers to carry out further study and explore other scientific aspects of the herbs.
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... The author speculated that the beneficial immunosuppressive qualities could be due to the alkaloid/lignan [19]. Furthermore, Pandey and colleagues investigated hexane, chloroform, and ethanol extracts of B. diffusa leaves and discovered that chloroform and ethanol extracts (5- [20]. ...
THERAPEUTIC AND PHARMACOLOGICAL EFFICACY OF PLANT BOERHAAVIA DIFFUSA–A REVIEW
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Full-text available
  • Jul 2022
Boerhavia diffusa (BD) is a herb of rasayana type, according to ayurvedic statements. It is considered to offer anti-aging, anti-disease, and life-strengthening qualities. Diffusa Boerhaavia Linn. Contains a wide variety of therapeutic qualities that have been demonstrated to be beneficial in the treatment of hyperglycemia, inflammation, anxiety, hepatotoxicity, jaundice, and heart problems. Here, we focus on the chemical composition and ethnomedicinal uses of B. diffusa that extend back to ancient times, as well as their future development. B. diffusa's exceptional antioxidant, hepatoprotective, antibacterial, anti-diabetic, and anticarcinogenic capabilities have drawn pioneers in science and medicine. Additionally, this herb possesses medicinal properties, which is a result of the presence of polyphenols and flavanoids, creates it more vital for clinicians and scientists to exploit in order to obtain a better understanding of its biological and pharmacological capabilities.
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Experimental replacement of hops by mango in beer: production and comparison of total phenolics, flavonoids, minerals, carbohydrates, proteins and toxic substances
Article
  • Sep 2021
Humulus lupulus (Hops) based commercial beer contain chemical substances that are hazardous to human health. An effective substitute to Hops will be a revolution in brewing industries. The main objective of this study was to replace Hops in beer production owing to its insalubrious nature and to develop a nutritious beer using vegetables and fruits. In this study, the leaves and seeds of Mangifera indica (Mango) was experimentally used due to its aroma and bitterness as an auxiliary to Hops. The Mango Based Light Beer (MBLB) was produced with mango as gruit, barley malt as the main source, beetroot as an adjunct, and Citrus reticulata as a seasoning. Finally, Orange flavored, MBLB was produced by lab-scale fermentation using Saccharomyces cerevisiae. MBLB has high nutritious substances (protein, carbohydrate, minerals, Total phenols, Flavonoids, Vit. C). GC–MS analysis reveals the presence of beneficial bioactive compounds like Maltol, 4H-Pyran-4-one, 2,3-dihydro-3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl, 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural, Furan-2-carboxaldehude, 5-(1-piperidyly) in the Mango based light beer. The level of Total phenolics and Flavonoids was comparatively high than HBCB. The presence of harmful chemicals includes 1-Pentanol, Silanediol, Urea, Pyridine and dl-Threitol in the HBCB was also observed by GCMS. Due to its high Phenolic and Flavonoid contents, MBLB showed increased antioxidant properties. From this study, it was clear that the MBLB was found to be effective and nutritionally enhanced, in comparison with the HBCB. The higher antioxidant potential of MBLB further supports its nutritional significance.
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Efficacy of Some Plant Extracts on Anopheles gambiae Mosquito Larvae
Article
Full-text available
  • Jan 2009
Abtract: The efficacy of both the ethanolic and aqueous extracts of the fruits of Physalis angulata L. (Solanaceae); Xylopia aethiopica (Dunal) A. Rich (Annonaceae) and seeds of Piper guineense Schum and Thonn (Piperaceae); Jatropha curcas Linn. (Euphorbiaceae) were tested on the second instar larvae of Anopheles gambiae (L) at varying concentrations. With percentage mortality, P. guineense (83.33%) in ethanol was the most effective followed by its aqueous form (71.67%), P. angulata (36.94%) in ethanol, X. aethiopica (34.44%) in ethanol, J. curcas (33.06%) in ethanol, aqueous extracts of both P. angulata and X. aethiopica at 29.44% while the least active was J. curcas (20.56%) in water. On the basis of 24hrs LC values, P. guineense 50
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Mosquitocidal Compounds from Magnolia Salicifolia
Article
Full-text available
  • Sep 2008
Bioassay-directed isolation and purification of Magnolia salicifolia yielded six mosquitocidal compounds. Geranial and neral, isolated from the bark, showed 100% mortality on 4th instar Aedes aegypti at 100 ppm in 24 h. Trans -anethole, from the leaves, demonstrated 100% mortality on 4th instar A. aegypti at 20 ppm in 24 h. Methyl eugenol from the leaves and iso-methyl eugenol isolated from leaves, fruits, and flowers, showed 100% mortality on 4th instar A. aegypti at 60 and 80 ppm, respectively, in 24 h. Costunolide, a sesquiterpene lactone obtained from the fruits of M. salicifolia for the first time, exhibited 100% mortality on 4th instar A. egyptii at 15 ppm, in 24 h. Costunolide and an additional related sesquiterpene lactone, parthenolide, were detected and quantified in M. salicifolia for the first time. Mosquitocidal activities of these compounds from M. salicifolia are reported for the first time.
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Larvicidal Activity of a Neem Tree Extract (Azadirachtin) Against Mosquito Larvae in the Republic of Algeria
Article
Full-text available
  • Jan 2009
An insecticide containing azadirachtin, a tree ‫ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ‬ ‫دراﺳﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺤﺚ‬ ‫هﺬا‬ ‫ﺗﻨﺎول‬ ‫ﻧﺒﺎﺗﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺒﻴﺪ‬ Azadirachtin ‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﻠﺺ‬ © 2009 Jordan Journal of Biological Sciences. All rights reserved (Azadirachta indica) extract, was tested against Culex pipiens mosquito larvae and pupae in east of the Republic of Algeria under laboratory conditions. First, after treatment of larval stage, LC 50 and LC 90 values for Azadirachtin were 0.35 and 1.28 mg/L in direct effect and 0.3-0.99 mg/l in indirect effect, respectively. Second, after treatment of the pupal stage, the LC 50 and LC 90 in direct effect were measured as0.42 -1.24mg/l and in indirect effect was 0.39mg/l-1.14mg/l respectively. Mosquito adult fecundity were markedly decreased and sterility was increased by the Azadirachtin after treatment of the fourth instar and pupal stage. The tretment also prolonged the duration of the larval stage. The results show that the Azadirachtin is promising as a larvicidal agent against Culex pipiens, naturally ocurring biopesticide could be an alternative for chemical pesticides.
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Larvicidal activity of Leucas aspera (Willd.) against the larvae of Culex quinquefasciatus Say. and Aedes aegypti L.
Article
Full-text available
  • Jan 2008
Crude leaf extracts of Leucas aspera were tested for their larvicidal activity against Culex quinquefasciatus and Aedes aegypti. The hexane extract of Leucas aspera showed highest larvicidal activity against the two vector mosquitoes followed by chloroform and ethanol. The LC50 values of L. aspera against first, second, third and fouth instar larvae of Cx. quinquefasciatus were 122.50, 149.97, 193.43 and 230.71 ppm and against Ae. aegypti the LC50 values were 77.40, 144.00, 199.72 and 257.17 ppm respectively. No mortality was observed in control. The results were statistically significant at P<0.05 level. The hexane extract of L. aspera showed good larvicidal activity.
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Larval susceptibility of Ajuga remota against anopheline and culicine mosquitos
Article
Full-text available
  • Oct 2004
  • Southeast Asian J Trop Med Publ Health
The objective of the present study is to determine the bioefficacy of different crude extracts of Ajuga remota against anopheline and culicine larvae. Larval susceptibility of crude carbon-tetrachloride, methanol and petroleum-ether extracts of Ajuga remota leaves was observed against the malaria vector, Anopheles stephensi and the filariasis vector, Culex quinquefasciatus. Among the extracts tested, petroleum-ether extract was the most effective with LC50 values of 0.033% after 24 hours and 0.029% after 48 hours of treatment against the larvae of Anopheles stephensi. In the case of the larvae of Culex quinquefasciatus, the carbon-tetra-chloride extract exhibited maximum efficacy with LC50 values of 0.043% after 24 hours and 0.026% after 48 hours of exposure, respectively. It is, therefore, concluded that Ajuga remota can be applied as an ideal larvicide against An. stephensi and Cx. quinquefasciatus.
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Chemical constituents and larvicidal property of the essential oil of Blumea mollis (D. Don) Merr. against Culex quinquefasciatus
Article
Full-text available
  • Jul 2008
The essential oil from the leaves of Blumea mollis was extracted and the chemical constituents and the larvicidal against Culex quinquefasciatus effects studied. The analyses of gas chromatography (GC) and GC-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) revealed that the leaf essential oil of B. mollis contained 39 compounds, and the major chemical compounds identified were linalool (19.43%), gamma-elemene (12.19%), copaene (10.93%), estragole (10.81%), Allo-ocimene (10.03%), gamma-terpinene (8.28%) and Allo-aromadendrene (7.44%). The essential oil had significant toxic effect against early fourth-instar larvae of C. quinquefasciatus with LC50=71.71 and LC90=143.41 ppm. The results could be useful in search of newer, safer and more effective natural larvicidal agent against C. quinquefasciatus.
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Desaturation and related modifications of fatty acids. Annu Rev Plant Physiol Plant Mol Biol
Article
  • Jul 1998
  • Annu Rev Plant Physiol Plant Mol Biol
Desaturation of a fatty acid first involves the enzymatic removal of a hydrogen from a methylene group in an acyl chain, a highly energy-demanding step that requires an activated oxygen intermediate. Two types of desaturases have been identified, one soluble and the other membrane-bound, that have different consensus motifs. Database searching for these motifs reveals that these enzymes belong to two distinct multifunctional classes, each of which includes desaturases, hydroxylases, and epoxidases that act on fatty acids or other substrates. The soluble class has a consensus motif consisting of carboxylates and histidines that coordinate an active site diiron cluster. The integral membrane class contains a different consensus motif composed of histidines. Biochemical and structural similarities between the integral membrane enzymes suggest that this class also uses a diiron cluster for catalysis. Soluble and membrane enzymes have been successfully re-engineered for substrate specificity and reaction outcome. It is anticipated that rational design of these enzymes will result in new and desired activities that may form the basis for improved oil crops.
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Chemical Composition and Mosquito Larvicidal Activity of Essential Oils from Leaves of Different Cinnamomum osmophloeum Provenances
Article
  • Aug 2004
Chemical compositions of leaf essential oils from eight provenances of indigenous cinnamon (Cinnamomum osmophloeum Kaneh.) were compared. According to GC-MS and cluster analyses, the leaf essential oils of the eight provenances and their relative contents were classified into five chemotypes-cinnamaldehyde type, linalool type, camphor type, cinnamaldehyde/cinnamyl acetate type, and mixed type. The larvicidal activities of leaf essential oils and their constituents from the five chemotypes of indigenous cinnamon trees were evaluated by mosquito larvicidal assay. Results of larvicidal tests demonstrated that the leaf essential oils of cinnamaldehyde type and cinnamaldehyde/cinnamyl acetate type had an excellent inhibitory effect against the fourth-instar larvae of Aedes aegypti. The LC(50) values for cinnamaldehyde type and cinnamaldehyde/cinnamyl acetate type against A. aegypti larvae in 24 h were 36 ppm (LC(90) = 79 ppm) and 44 ppm (LC(90) = 85 ppm), respectively. Results of the 24-h mosquito larvicidal assays also showed that the effective constituents in leaf essential oils were cinnamaldehyde, eugenol, anethole, and cinnamyl acetate and that the LC(50) values of these constituents against A. aegypti larvae were <50 ppm. Cinnamaldehyde had the best mosquito larvicidal activity, with an LC(50) of 29 ppm (LC(90) = 48 ppm) against A. aegypti. Comparisons of mosquito larvicidal activity of cinnamaldehyde congeners revealed that cinnamaldehyde exhibited the strongest mosquito larvicidal activity.
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Isolation and identification of mosquito larvicidal compound from Abutilon indicum (Linn.) Sweet
Article
  • May 2008
Larvicidal activity of crude hexane, ethyl acetate, petroleum ether, acetone and methanol extracts of five medicinal plants, Abutilon indicum, Aegle marmelos, Euphorbia thymifolia, Jatropha gossypifolia and Solanum torvum were assayed for their toxicity against the early fourth-instar larvae of Culex quinquefasciatus. The larval mortality was observed after 24 h exposure. All extracts showed moderate larvicidal effects; however, the highest larval mortality was found in petroleum ether extract of A. indicum. In the present study, bioassay-guided fractionation of A. indicum led to the separation and identification of a beta-sitosterol as a potential new mosquito larvicidal compound with LC50 value of 11.49, 3.58 and 26.67 ppm against Aedes aegypti L, Anopheles stephensi Liston and C. quinquefasciatus Say (Diptera: Culicidae), respectively. 1H NMR, 13C NMR and mass spectral data confirmed the identification of the active compound. beta-sitosterol has been recognized as the active ingredient of many medicinal plant extracts. All the crude extracts when screened for their larvicidal activities indicated toxicity against the larvae of C. quinquefasciatus. This article reports the isolation and identification of the beta-sitosterol as well as bioassay data for the crude extracts. There are no reports of beta-sitosterol in the genus A. indicum, and their larvicidal activities are being evaluated for the first time. Results of this study show that the petroleum ether extract of A. indicum may be considered as a potent source and beta-sitosterol as a new natural mosquito larvicidal agent.
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Larvicidal Activities of Aquous Extracts of Nineteen Indian Plants Against Two Mosquito Species, Aedes(s) Albopictus and Culex Quinquefasciatus
  • Jan 2008
  • 172-176
  • Baruddoza Dewan
Dewan and Baruddoza. 2008. Larvicidal Activities of Aquous Extracts of Nineteen Indian Plants Against Two Mosquito Species, Aedes(s) Albopictus and Culex Quinquefasciatus.Journal of Environmental biology.17(5):172-176