Mohammed Mahmoud Alwakeel

University of Tabuk · Department of Computer Engineering

The 5G Wireless Environments have huge data transmission; therefore, there is an increase in the requests for computational tasks from Intelligent Wireless Mobile Nodes. This computational capability leads to high reliability and low latency in a 5G network. Mobile edge computing (MEC) allows end systems with constrained computing capacity to handl...

Cities have undergone numerous permanent transformations at times of severe disruption. The Lisbon earthquake of 1755, for example, sparked the development of seismic construction rules. In 1848, when cholera spread through London, the first health law in the United Kingdom was passed. The Chicago fire of 1871 led to stricter building rules, which...

Vehicle license plate images are often low resolution and blurry because of the large distance and relative motion between the vision sensor and vehicle, making license plate identification arduous. The extensive use of expensive, high-quality vision sensors is uneconomical in most cases; thus, images are initially captured and then translated from...

Image classification is one of the major data mining tasks in smart city applications. However, deploying classification models that have good generalization accuracy is highly crucial for reliable decision-making in such applications. One of the ways to achieve good generalization accuracy is through the use of multiple classifiers and the fusion...

Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) is a technique that allows the disabled to interact with a computer directly from their brain. P300 Event-Related Potentials (ERP) of the brain have widely been used in several applications of the BCIs such as character spelling, word typing, wheelchair control for the disabled, neurorehabilitation, and smart home con...

Citation: Hijji, M.; Ahmad, B.; Alam, G.; Alwakeel, A.; Alwakeel, M.; Abdulaziz Alharbi, L.; Aljarf, A.; Khan, M.U. Cloud Servers: Resource Optimization Using Different Energy Saving Techniques. Sensors 2022, 22, 8384. https://doi.

Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the most familiar type of dementia, is a severe concern in modern healthcare. Around 5.5 million people aged 65 and above have AD, and it is the sixth leading cause of mortality in the US. AD is an irreversible, degenerative brain disorder characterized by a loss of cognitive function and has no proven cure. Deep learning...

A novel unified framework of geometry-based stochastic models (GBSMs) for the fifth generation (5G) wireless communication systems is proposed in this paper. The proposed general 5G channel model aims at capturing small-scale fading channel characteristics of key 5G communication scenarios, such as massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO), hig...

This paper proposes a novel quadrature space-frequency index modulation (QSF-IM) scheme as a promising energy-efficient radio-access technology for the fifth generation (5G) wireless systems. Motivated by the potential energy saving of spatial modulation (SM) with part of information being carried through antenna indexes, the proposed scheme furthe...

This paper studies generalized spatial modulation (Gen-SM) schemes in multicell multiuser massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems as a promising high-throughput and energy-efficient technique for fifth-generation (5G) wireless networks. A detection algorithm for such systems is proposed based on linear processing techniques. By applyi...

In this paper, the bit error rate (BER) performance of a new multiple-input-multiple-output technique, named spatial modulation (SM), is studied under a novel non-stationary wideband high-speed train (HST) channel model in different scenarios. Time-varying parameters obtained from measurement results are used to configure the channel model to make...

Quadrature Spatial Modulation (QSM) is a recently proposed Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) transmission technique. In QSM, location dependent spatial information utilized to carry additional bits is expanded to include quadrature dimension in addition to the conventional SM real dimension. As such, an increase of the overall transmission data...

This decade has been characterized by a tremendous interest in sensors and sensor networks. The renewed interest was the outcome of the advances that wireless cellular networks have scored such as massive MIMO cooperative communications, the Internet of Things (IoT) where it is predicted that billions of devices would be connected to the internet t...

Actual vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) channel measurements have shown that the wide-sense stationary (WSS) modeling assumption is valid only for very short time intervals. This fact motivates us to develop non-WSS V2V channel models. In this paper, we propose a novel three-dimensional (3D) theoretical non-WSS regular-shaped geometry-based stochastic mode...

This paper proposes a novel non-stationary wideband multi-confocal ellipse two dimensional (2-D) channel model for massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communication systems. Spherical wavefront is assumed in the proposed channel model, instead of the plane wavefront assumption used in conventional MIMO channel models. In addition, the bir...

This study presents a comprehensive performance analysis of an energy detector over Gamma-shadowed Rician fading channels, namely Rician fading channels with the fluctuating line-of-sight components following the Gamma distribution. This composite multi-path/shadowing model has been shown to provide a remarkably accurate fading characterisation whi...

In this paper, the bit error rate (BER) performance of spatial modulation (SM) systems under a novel 3-D vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) channel model is investigated both theoretically and by simulations. The impact of vehicle traffic density, Doppler effect, and 3-D and 2-D V2V MIMO channel models on the BER perform...

Deployment of new radio technologies in the mobile world has been gaining momentum to satisfy the customers and applications appetite for improved spectral efficiency and higher data rates. LTE (Long Term Evolution) and LTE Advanced with an enhanced air interface and optimized packet data architecture (an all IP network) that envisioned to provide...

In this paper, the end-to-end performance of a wireless relay transmission system that employs amplify-and-forward (AF) relays and operates in an interference-limited Nakagami- $m$ fading environment is studied. The wireless links from one relay node to another experience Nakagami- $m$ fading, and the number of interferers per hop is Poisson distri...

This paper proposes a novel theoretical non-stationary three dimensional (3-D) wideband twin-cluster channel model for massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communication systems with carrier frequencies on the order of gigahertz (GHz). As the dimension of antenna arrays cannot be ignored for massive MIMO, near field effects instead of far...

Vehicular networking applications often use multi‐hop wireless broadcasting as a primary data dissemination mechanism. Therefore, protocols that efficiently and thoroughly propagate application data while adapting to a wide range of network density, vehicle distribution pattern, channel quality, and other conditions are critical for vehicular commu...

People of different religions from all over the world perform the Pilgrimage ritual at least once in their life time. During such event millions of visitors every year gather in their holy places and they all move from one site to another throughout few days. Such a massive gathering, where people are walking shoulder by shoulder, has been an on-go...

The performance of a digital wireless network that operates in a Rayleigh fading environment in the presence of Gaussian noise and heavy-tailed impulsive interference that can be modelled by an α-stable process is investigated. Such wireless networks include ad hoc or cognitive radio networks that operate in an unbounded fading/shadowing environmen...

In this paper, we analyze the performance of multi-hop transmission systems that employ amplify-and-forward relays over a Rayleigh fading environment in the presence of a Poisson field of interferers. The interference model considers the effect of spatial distribution of co-channel interferers in the vicinity of the relays and the destination node....

We analyze the performance of a cell averaging constant false alarm rate (CA-CFAR) receiver that operates in a heavy-tailed clutter environment that is modeled by an alpha-stable distribution. Stable distributions are usually characterized with known characteristic function but their probability distribution are not known in closed form except for...

In this paper, we analyze the performance of an energy detector operating over Gamma shadowed Rice fading channels, namely Rice fading channels with the fluctuating line-of-sight components following the Gamma distribution. This composite multi-path/shadowing model has been shown to provide remarkably accurate fading characterization while leading...

In this paper, we investigate the performance of a wireless transmission system that employs amplify-and-forward (AF) relays and operates in an interference-limited environment. We consider a multi-hop network in which the co-channel interferers are scattered according to a spatial Poisson process and the desired and interfering signals at each rel...

Handwritten Hindi digit recognition plays an important role in eastern Arab countries especially in the courtesy amounts of Arab bank checks, recognizing numbers in car plates, or in postal code for mail sorting. In our study, we proposed an efficient Hindi Digit Recognition System drawn by the mouse and developed using Multilayer Perceptron Neural...

With the spread of the internet and networks, more people are relying on information sharing to research any subject. The number of Websites that are providing information on a single subject is huge. Some subjects and issues are somehow more sensitive to some people than others. However, there is no agreed upon mechanism for authenticating the con...

Long Term Evolution (LTE) technology is developing into the de-facto NGN mobile access network. In order to deliver multimedia contents and services, higher data rates and low latency are required. The new planned LTE base stations can deliver high data throughput at lower latency than other existing cellular networks. This is achieved through a di...

Long Term Evolution (LTE) technology is developing into the de-facto NGN mobile access network. In order to deliver multimedia contents and services, higher data rates and low latency are required. The new planned LTE base stations can deliver high data throughput at lower latency than other existing cellular networks. This is achieved through a di...

Multi-hop broadcast is a critical component in embedded communication systems. Some vehicular ad-hoc network (VANET) applications in particular use broadcast communications extensively. Statistical broadcast methods offer an efficient means of propagating broadcast messages in this context due to their low overhead and high efficiency. Currently, f...

Multi-hop wireless broadcast is an important component of Vehicular Ad-hoc Network (VA NET) data dissemination applications. Protocols that address multi-hop broadcast must perform well across a broad spectrum of network conditions while being resilient to the rapidly changing network topology of moving vehicles. We propose the Rate-Adaptive Broadc...

Multi-hop wireless broadcast is a critical component in Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks (VANET). Many VA NET applications, such as traffic data dissemination, utilize broadcast as a primary mode of communication. Thus creating efficient broadcast schemes is important for supporting practical VANETs. Multi-hop broadcast protocols are generally composed of...

In this paper, we investigate the effect of a generalized statistical interference model on the bit error rate performance of a multihop amplify-and-forward relay system operating over Rayleigh fading channels. We consider the randomness of the individual interfering signals by randomly placing transmitting terminals around each relay node and the...

In this paper, single amplify and forward (AF) relay is placed between the source and the destination in space shift keying (SSK) multiple-input single output (MISO) system. In SSK, transmit-antenna indices form a spatial constellation diagram where each group of base two logarithm of the input data bits are mapped to one spatial constellation poin...

In this letter, dual-hop amplify and forward relaying using space shift keying (SSK) is introduced. In SSK, information bits are mapped into a spatial symbol. The spatial symbol is the index of the active transmit antenna, where a single antenna is activated at each time instance. The relay amplifies the data received from the transmitter and forwa...

In this paper, a new face recognition system based on Haar wavelet transform (HWT) and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) using Levenberg-Marquardt backpropagation (LMBP) neural network is presented. The image face is preprocessed and detected. The Haar wavelet is used to form the coefficient matrix for the detected face. The image feature vector i...

In cellular networks, quantities such as handoff probability and handoff rate are very important parameters in the networks performance analysis. In previous literature, several techniques were introduced to evaluate these parameters; however, there are some limitations in the introduced techniques. In this paper, we approximate handoff number and...

Summary The call holding time distribution in cellular systems is one of the main parameters that are used to study and analyze several system performance measures. Several statistical distributions have been used in the literature to model the call holding time distribution in 3rd and 4th generations cellular systems, such as exponential, Erlang,...

We propose new models for characterizing the cell residence time in a mobile low-Earth-orbit (LEO) satellite cellular network, which, unlike previous models, can accommodate the effect of the Earth's rotation in the teletraffic analysis. The speed of the satellite is typically much higher than that of the mobile; as such, the duration of a cell res...

In previous literature, several cell residence time models for mobile LEO satellite cellular system (MLSCS) were presented. However, the effects of signal-impairing factors such as shadowing and fading on the presented models were neglected. In this paper, the effects of signal-impairing factors on cell residence time model are investigated. In par...

In this paper, the authors develop an analytical model to study the performance of a mobile low earth orbiting (LEO) satellite cellular network. The model assumes that the call duration has a gamma distribution and considers the effect of system parameters such as the number of channels per cell, the number of channels reserved for the handoff, and...

Exact string Searching is one of the most important problems that had been investigated by many studies ranging from finding the shortest common super string in DNA sequencing to searching for occurrences of a pattern occurs in text editors. In this paper, a new Enhanced Checking and Skipping Algorithm (ECSA) is introduced. The new algorithm enhanc...