Content uploaded by Mohamed Farag Mohamed Ibrahim
Author content
All content in this area was uploaded by Mohamed Farag Mohamed Ibrahim on Sep 15, 2015
Content may be subject to copyright.
A preview of the PDF is not available
Contribution of Pink Pigmented Facultative Methylotrophic Bacteria in Promoting Antioxidant Enzymes, Growth and Yield of Snap Bean
Abstract and Figures
Two field experiments were carried out during the seasons of 2013 and 2014 to investigate the effect of pink pigmented facultative methylotrophic (PPFM) bacteria on the antioxidant enzymes, growth and yield of snap bean plants. The PPFM were isolated from different plants: cotton, datura, snap bean, castor oil and peanut plants. Isolates were compared based on their productivity of indol-acetic acid and cytokinins. Isolate No. 27 was selected due to its high production of both growth hormones and used for plant treatment. The treatments included control (distilled water), foliar application of PPFM, methanol (MeOH) at 5% and the combination of PPFM + MeOH at 5%. Results indicated that spraying the plants with PPFM individually or combined with methanol changed the level of antioxidant enzymes including polyphenol oxidase (PPO), peroxidase (POD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Also, the lipid peroxidation as indicated by malondialdehyde (MDA) and morphological studies by scanning electron microscope (SEM) were examined. The PPFM individually achieved the highest significant increases in the number of leaves per plant, average leaf area, haulm fresh weight, leaf chlorophyll, pod number and yield per plant and Feddan in the two seasons compared to the other studied treatments. Moreover, PPFM individually improved the pods quality by increasing their concentrations from amino acids, protein, total sugars and ascorbic acid. Correlation analysis indicated that APX followed by POD as affected by the treatment of PPFM individually related positively to snap bean yield plant 1 while, catalase followed PPO affected inversely this trait in both seasons. The SOD was unstable and may not be related to the quantity of yield.
Figures - uploaded by Mohamed Farag Mohamed Ibrahim
Author content
All figure content in this area was uploaded by Mohamed Farag Mohamed Ibrahim
Content may be subject to copyright.
... 107 Quantification of cytokinin produced by phyllosphere inhabiting Methylobacteria isolated from sugarcane, pigeon pea, mustard, potato and radish ranged between 1.09 to 9.89 µg mL -1 in the culture filtrate and treating wheat seeds with these cell-free culture filtrates registered a significant improvement in seed germination. 79 With a similar approach, El-Gawad et al. 108 described cytokinin production of PPFM bacteria obtained from cotton, datura, snap bean, castor oil and peanut plants with a maximum of 2.07 µg ml -1 of culture filtrate. An exhaustive cytokinin profiling of Methylobacterium strains was conducted by Palberg et al. 109 recently. ...
... Moreover, total sugars, ascorbic acid, amino acids, and protein content of pods were also increased significantly. 108 Effect of inoculation of Methylobacterium spp. possessing ACC deaminase (ACCD) and indole-3-acetic acid activity on tomato and red pepper seedling performed under gnotobiotic and greenhouse condition was found to be comparable to exogenous applications of synthetic IAA. ...
Bacteria belonging to the genus Methylobacterium, popularly known as pink pigmented facultative methylotrophic (PPFM) bacteria, are well known for their distinct ability to use single-carbon compounds like methanol, formate and formaldehyde, and also a variety of multi-carbon substrates lacking carbon-carbon bonds. These bacterial groups are ubiquitously distributed, especially in phyllosphere and rhizosphere, and their occurrence have been reported in more than 100 species of plants so far. PPFMs have profound influence on soil fertility, crop growth and yield. The ability for phosphate acquisition, nitrogen fixation, iron chelation and phytohormone production indicate the possibility of developing them as promising biofertilizer candidates. In addition, many of them possess biocontrol activity against several phytopathogens. PPFMs induce several physiological changes in plants, making the plants more resistant to biotic and abiotic stress. They can therefore be promising alternatives to conventional chemical inputs in sustainable agricultural systems.
... Several authors have observed that Methylobacterium spp showed appreciable increase in plant growth attributes in soyabean (Radha et al., 2009), coleus (Pattanashetti et al., 2012), snapbean (Abd-El-Gawad et al., 2015), tomato (Subhaswaraj et al., 2017), barnyard millet (Arun Balaji et al., 2019); fenugreek (Anandhi et al., 2019); rapeseeds (Roodi et al., 2020), rice (Aswathy et al., 2020). In ginger, Methylobacterium spp. ...
... In another study, methylotrophic strains isolated from the phylloshere of groundnut promoted IAA and siderophore production, ACC deamination, nitrogen fixation, sulphur oxidation and solubilization of insoluble minerals and concluded that bacterial habitat on the phyllosphere directly influences the growth and yield of the groundnut plants (Krishnamoorthy et al., 2018). Similarly, chlorophyll content in soyabean (Meenakshi and Salvage, 2009), coleus (Pattanashetti et al., 2012), snapbean (Abd-El-Gawad et al., 2015), paddy (Nysanth et al., 2019), rice (Anagha et al., 2020) was found to be elevated when Methylobacterium species were administered as bioinoculant. Additionally, Ivanova et al. (2001) reported that enhanced leaf chlorophyll, carotenoids, and fruit sugars were observed when methylotrophic bacteria were induced in leaf phyllosphere. ...
Methylotrophs are one of the prominent microbial community which are known for utilizing methanol as well as carbon sources from various plant metabolic activities and in turn facilitates the host plant growth by synthesizing phytohormones. A pot study was conducted to examine the bio-fertilizing potential of pink pigmented methylotrophic bacteria (PPFM) on cluster bean (Cyamopsis tetragonolaba (L.) Taub and its impact on soil microbial communities. Foliar and soil application modes of treatment was employed for the study. Our results showed that isolated strain from Quisqualis indica leaf was identified as Methylobacterium tardum (strain IHBB) by 16s rRNA gene sequence and phylogenetic analysis confirmed its relationship with other Methylobacterium spp. Soil microbes such as bacterial population (9.25 CFU x 10-⁶/g), fungal population (70.05 CFU x 10⁻³/g) and microalgae (9.65 CFU x 10⁻⁴/g) were found to be enhanced in 3% of M. tardum (T2) when compared to T1, T3 and control. Soil application of M. tardum exhibited better response on growth, biochemical and yield parameters of cluster bean than foliar application. This study confirms that M. tardum could be a promising candidate as microbial inoculant for plant growth and development as well as a positive driver for enriching the soil microbial community.
... PPFMs may produce and release vitamins and nutrients, such as B vitamins, iron, and zinc, that can enhance the nutritional status of plants and support their growth. PPFMs can secrete enzymes and metabolites that promote nutrient uptake, such as phosphate solubilizing enzymes, siderophores for iron uptake, and nitrogenase for nitrogen fixation [19]. These PGP substances and mechanisms enable PPFMs to establish mutualistic relationships with plants, especially in the rhizosphere. ...
Biotechnology is one of the emerging fields that can add new and better application in a wide range of sectors like health care, service sector, agriculture, and processing industry to name some. This book will provide an excellent opportunity to focus on recent developments in the frontier areas of Biotechnology and establish new collaborations in these areas. The book will highlight multidisciplinary perspectives to interested biotechnologists, microbiologists, pharmaceutical experts, bioprocess engineers, agronomists, medical professionals, sustainability researchers and academicians. This technical publication will provide a platform for potential knowledge exhibition on recent trends, theories and practices in the field of Biotechnology.
... However, application of organic nutrient sources through FYM and combined application of biofertilizers, neem seed cake, and sunnhemp incorporation along with foliar application of PPFM added more amount of macro as well as micro nutrients in soil, besides supplying more essential could be attributed to better nutrient uptake and faster mobilization in turns increased photosynthesis, enzymatic and biochemical activities and multiplication, like cell division in meristimatic region. Similar results were reported by Katkar et al. (2000) [10] , Khawale and Prasad (2001) [11] , Anup and Prasad (2005) [3] , Singh et al. (2012) [23] , Abd El-Gawad et al. (2015) [1] . ...
... They are also involved in carbon cycling (Iguchi et al., 2015), phosphate acquisition (Agafonova, Kaparullina, Doronina, & Trotsenko, 2013;Jayashree et al., 2011a, b), phytohormones (indole acetic acid (IAA) and cytokinins) production (Lee et al., 2004), nitrogen fixation in phyllospheric and rhizospheric regions of plants (Lee et al., 2006;Sy et al., 2001) and due to these reasons they are used as bioinoculants in agriculture (Kumar, Tomar, Lade, & Paul, 2016). Pigments of PPFMs have high antioxidant and UV resistant properties (Abd El-Gawad, Ibrahim, Abd El-Hafez, & Abou El-Yazied, 2015). PPFMs are potent protease (Jayashree, Annapurna, Jayakumar, Sa, & Seshadri, 2014) and cellulase producers (Jayashree et al., 2011a, b). ...
Purpose
The purpose of this article is to provide information about interactions between pink-pigmented facultative methylotroph (PPFM) organisms and plants, their molecular mechanisms of methylotrophic metabolism, application of PPFMs in agriculture, biotechnology and bioremediation and also to explore lacuna in PPFMs research and direction for future research.
Design/methodology/approach
Research findings on PPFM organisms as potent plant growth promoting organisms are discussed in the light of reports published by various workers. Unexplored field of PPFM research are detected and their application as a new group of biofertilizer that also help host plants to overcome draught stress in poorly irrigated crop field is suggested.
Findings
PPFMs are used as plant growth promoters for improved crop yield, seed germination capacity, resistance against pathogens and tolerance against drought stress. Anti-oxidant and UV resistant properties of PPFM pigments protect the host plants from strong sunshine. PPFMs have excellent draught ameliorating capacity.
Originality/value
To meet the ever increasing world population, more and more barren, less irrigated land has to be utilized for agriculture and horticulture purpose and use of PPFM group of organisms due to their draught ameliorating properties in addition to their plant growth promoting characters will be extremely useful. PPFMs are also promising candidates for the production of various industrially and medicinally important enzymes and other value-added products. Wider application of this ecofriendly group of bacteria will reduce crop production cost thus improving economy of the farmers and will be a greener alternative of hazardous chemical fertilizers and fungicides.
Graphicalabstract:
... Auxins and cytokinins, which influence plant development and other physiological processes, are examples of plant growth regulators that they can create. The PPFM can also induce systemic resistance against diseases and degrade a widely range of highly toxic compounds and tolerate heavy metals (Iguchi et al, 2015 andGawad et al., 2015). Because of their high Zn content (20-25%) and simple water solubility, ZnSO4 and MnSO4 are the most popular and commonly utilised micronutrient fertilisers among farmers. ...
A field experiment was conducted in the farmer’s field at Perampattu coastal village, near Chidambaram in
Cuddalore district of Tamil Nadu, during March–June, 2021. The experimental soil was sandy loam in
texture and taxonomically classified as Typic ustifluvent with pH-8.41, EC-4.11 dSm
ABSTRACT
-1 and analysed low status of soil organic carbon (2.27 g kg
-1). The soil analysed low in alkaline KMnO4–N (139.50 kg ha
-1), Olsen-P
(9.30 kg ha
-1
) and medium in NH4OAc-K (162.31 kg ha
-1
). The available Zn (DTPA extractable Zn) content
(0.71 mg kg
-1
) was also low in soil. The results of the field experiment clearly indicated that application of
micronutrients (Zn + Mn) fortified organics + micronutrients either through soil or foliage along withrecommended dose of fertilizers (RDF) and PPFM through foliage significantly and positively increasedthe seed yield (953 kg ha-1), protein and oil yield (259.59 and 457.43 kg ha
-1), BCR (2.54) and net return (26291 ha-1) of sesame.
A field investigation on "Nutrient management for organic cotton (Gossypium arboreum L.) production" was carried out at All India Coordinated Research Project, Cotton Improvement Project, Research Farm, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri, Dist. Ahmednagar, Maharashtra (India) during kharif season of 2017 and 2018. The experiment was carried on the same site and same randomization of treatments during both the years. After these two cycles, the soil microbial properties were significantly influenced due to various combinations of organic nutrient sources treatments. Significantly higher population of bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes was recorded at flowering stage and after harvest due to application of nutrients through FYM based on P equivalent than the rest of the organic nutrient sources treatments at all the stages of observations during both years. Whereas, it was at par with T 9-[(T 4-seed treatment with (Azotobactor + PSB) + soil application of Azotobactor + PSB) and foliar application of PPFM (1% spray at 45 and 65 DAS) + neemcake 250 kg ha-1 + raising of sunnhemp between two rows (1:1) incorporation in soil at flowering stage)]. The highest bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes population was observed at flowering stage than initial and at harvest during the both year of experimentation.
Microbes are ubiquitous and can associate to colonize plants and exhibits different modes of interactions. Plant beneficial microbes could colonize both the phyllosphere and rhizosphere to promote the various aspect of plant growth and other various compartments in plants. These beneficial microbes are generally called plant growth-promoting microbes (PGPMs), they can become an excellent alternative to remove or reduce the use of various toxic agrochemicals including synthetic chemical fertilizers and biocides. The association of PGPMs provides nutrients, protection against pathogens as well as various environmental stress responses either direct or indirect mechanisms. The soil and rhizosphere microbes beneficially associate either the root surface or phyllosphere region of the plant and influence the growth and health fitness of crops. Some microbes directly interact with the plant to develop a symbiotic relationship (e.g., Rhizobium, mycorrhizal fungi), and few can interact at the surface of the root with either associative symbiosis (Azospirillum) or nonsymbiotic beneficial interactions such as nutrient acquisition, solubilization, and translocation of minerals and water, vitamin and growth hormone synthesis, mineralization of soil organic residues, inhibits harmful pathogens and nematodes, production of iron siderophores to chelate ions, and provide induced resistance against various biotic and abiotic stresses. This chapter describes the basic beneficial microbial interactions on the rhizosphere, phyllosphere, and their beneficial effects on the host for sustainable agriculture, specifically, bacterial nodulation, mycorrhizal infection, microbial endophytes, development of bioinoculums, and their benefits to the plant. Further, the functions of beneficial microbes to the plants and the soil have been discussed. Besides, rhizosphere microbiome engineering and its role in sustainable agriculture have been also discussed.KeywordsBeneficial microbesMicrobiome engineeringPhyllosphere microbial associationRhizosphere microbesSustainable agriculture
Field experiments were conducted at Regional Research Station, Aruppukottai, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu during rabi season of 2016 and 2017 to study the impact of in-situ moisture conservation and stress management practices on soil moisture retention and productivity of cotton under rainfed Vertisol soil with the test variety SVPR - 2. The experiments were laid out in split plot design replicated thrice. The main plot treatments consisted of different in-situ moisture conservation measures viz., Broad Bed and Furrows (I1), Ridges and Furrows (I2) and Compartmental Bunding (I3). The subplot comprises the stress management practices viz., soil application of pusa hydrogel @ 5 kg ha-1 (S1), soil application of pusa hydrogel @ 5 kg ha-1 + foliar spray of 1% KCl (S2), soil application of pusa hydrogel @ 5 kg ha-1 + foliar spray of 5% kaolin (S3), soil application of pusa hydrogel @ 5 kg ha-1 + foliar spray of PPFM @ 500 ml ha-1 (S4), soil application of pusa hydrogel @ 5 kg ha-1 + foliar spray of salicylic acid 100 ppm (S5) and control (S6). The results of this study showed that treatment combination of broad bed and furrow and soil application of pusa hydrogel @ 5 kg ha-1 + foliar spray of PPFM @ 500 ml ha-1 recorded significantly higher values of growth characters such as plant height, dry matter production, LAI and yield attributes viz., sympodial branches per plant, number of bolls plant-1, boll weight and seed cotton yield 1,580 kg ha-1 (2016) and 1,943 kg ha-1 (2017).
Methylobacterium species are abundant colonizers of the phyllosphere due to the availability of methanol, a waste product of pectin metabolism during plant cell division. The phyllosphere is an extreme environment, with a landscape that is heterogeneous and continuously changing as the plant grows, and is exposed to high levels of ultra violet irradiation. Geographically, New Zealand (NZ) has been isolated for over a million years, has a biologically diverse flora, and is considered a biodiversity hotspot, with most native plants being endemic. We therefore hypothesize that the phyllosphere of NZ native plants harbor diverse groups of Methylobacterium species. Leaf imprinting using methanol supplemented agar medium was used to isolate bacteria, and diversity was determined using ARDRA and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Methylobacterium species were successfully isolated from the phyllosphere of 18 of the 20 native NZ plant species in this study, and six different species were identified, M. marchantiae, M. mesophilicum, M. adhaesivum, M. komagatae, M. extorquens and M. phyllosphaerae. Other α, β, and γ-Proteobacteria, Actinomycetes, Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes were also isolated, highlighting the presence of other potentially novel methanol utilizers within this ecosystem. This study identified that Methylobacterium are abundant members of the NZ phyllosphere, with species diversity and composition dependent on plant species.
Other than rhizobacteria, some phyllosphere bacterial strains such as Methylobacterium spp. alone or along with methanol have been reported to increase plant growth and nutrient uptake of grasses, cereals and legumes. Accordingly, the present study investigated the effects of foliar application of Methylobacterium spp. and methanol on growth and yield of peanut under field conditions, in 2010 and 2011. Results showed that application of 1012 CFU/ml of Methylobacterium spp. or 20% methanol as foliar spray significantly increased main stem height, leaf area index, number of mature and immature pod per plant, harvest index, leading to an increase of pod and seed yield of peanut over control. Peanut leaf area index (LAI) also affected by Methylobacterium and methanol spraying, so that the highest LAI obtained 105 days after planting in 1012 CFU/ml of Methylobacterium and 20% methanol. Foliar application of 1012 CFU/ml of Methylobacterium middlingly led to a seed yield increase of 12.25% over control in both years.
A protein determination method which involves the binding of Coomassie Brilliant Blue G-250 to protein is described. The binding of the dye to protein causes a shift in the absorption maximum of the dye from 465 to 595 nm, and it is the increase in absorption at 595 nm which is monitored. This assay is very reproducible and rapid with the dye binding process virtually complete in approximately 2 min with good color stability for 1 hr. There is little or no interference from cations such as sodium or potassium nor from carbohydrates such as sucrose. A small amount of color is developed in the presence of strongly alkaline buffering agents, but the assay may be run accurately by the use of proper buffer controls. The only components found to give excessive interfering color in the assay are relatively large amounts of detergents such as sodium dodecyl sulfate, Triton X-100, and commercial glassware detergents. Interference by small amounts of detergent may be eliminated by the use of proper controls.