Mohamed I. Gatie

The University of Western Ontario | UWO · Department of Biology

The regulation of proteins through the addition and removal of O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) plays a role in many signaling events, specifically in stem cell pluripotency and the regulation of differentiation. However, these post-translational modifications have not been explored in extraembryonic endoderm (XEN) differentiation. Of the...

Metabolism plays a crucial role for cell survival and function; however, recent evidence has implicated it in regulating embryonic development. In the embryo, the inner cell mass undergoes orchestrated cellular divisions resulting in the formation of pluripotent epiblast stem cells and primitive endoderm cells. However, both lineages can be capture...

Metabolism plays a crucial role for cell survival and function; however, recent evidence has implicated it in regulating embryonic development. The inner cell mass undergoes orchestrated cellular divisions resulting in the formation of embryonic stem cells and extraembryonic endoderm (XEN) cells. Concomitantly, changes in the metabolic profile occu...

PARP2 belongs to a family of proteins involved in cell differentiation, DNA damage repair, cellular energy expenditure, and chromatin modeling. In addition to these overlapping functions with PARP1, PARP2 participates in spermatogenesis, T-cell maturation, extra-embryonic endoderm formation, adipogenesis, lipid metabolism, and cholesterol homeostas...

Glucose metabolism has a crucial role for providing substrates required to generate ATP and regulate the epigenetic landscape. We reported that F9 embryonal carcinoma stem-like cells require cytosolic reactive oxygen species to differentiate into extraembryonic endoderm; however, mitochondrial sources were not examined. To extend these studies, we...

PARP2 belongs to a family of proteins involved in cell differentiation, DNA damage repair, cellular energy expenditure, chromatin modeling and cell differentiation. In addition to these overlapping functions with PARP1, PARP2 participates in spermatogenesis, T-cell maturation, extraembryonic endoderm formation and adipogenesis. The function(s) of P...

Putative GATA6 binding site in the mouse Ihh promoter.

Expression of Gata6 in response to retinoic acid. Total RNA was extracted after 24, 48, 72, and 96 h from F9 cells treated with RA to induce primitive endoderm, and then subjected to qRT-PCR using primers to Gata6. Data are representative of three independent experiments ± SEM. Letters indicate significant difference (p < 0.05) from the DMSO contro...

Cyc reduces Dkk1 expression in RA-induced F9 cells. Total RNA was extracted after 96 h from F9 cells treated with DMSO, 10−7 M RA, 10 μM Cyc, or RA and Cyc, and then subjected to qRT-PCR using primers to Dkk1. Data are representative of three independent experiments ± SEM. Letters indicate significant difference (p < 0.05) from the DMSO control and...

SAG induces the upregulation of Gli1 and Ptch2 in F9 cells. Total RNA was extracted after 24 h from F9 cells treated with DMSO or 10 nM SAG and then subjected to qRT-PCR using primers to (A) Gli1, (B) Ptch1, and (C) Ptch2. Data are representative of three independent experiments ± SEM. Symbols indicate significant difference from the DMSO control a...

Oligonucleotide primer sequences used for qRT-PCR.

Mouse F9 cells differentiate into primitive extraembryonic endoderm (PrE) when treated with retinoic acid (RA), and this is accompanied by an up-regulation of Gata6. The role of the GATA6 network in PrE differentiation is known, and we have shown it directly activates Wnt6. Canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling is required by F9 cells to differentiate...

Just over ten years have passed since the seminal Takahashi-Yamanaka paper, and while most attention nowadays is on induced, embryonic, and cancer stem cells, much of the pioneering work arose from studies with embryonal carcinoma cells (ECCs) derived from teratocarcinomas. This original work was broad in scope, but eventually led the way for us to...

Mouse F9 cells differentiate to primitive endoderm (PrE) when treated with retinoic acid (RA). Differentiation is accompanied by increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, and while treating F9 cells with antioxidants attenuates differentiation, H2O2 treatment alone is sufficient to induce PrE. We identified the NADPH oxidase (NOX) complexes a...

Mouse F9 cells differentiate into primitive endoderm (PrE) following the activation of the canonical WNT/β-catenin pathway. The upregulation of Wnt6 and activation of β-catenin-TCF/LEF-dependent transcription is known to accompany differentiation, but the Frizzled (FZD) receptor responsible for transducing the WNT6 signal is not known. Eight of the...