Effect of Antibiotic and Prebiotic On Immunity and Reproductivity of Broiler Breeder Flock

Abstract

This study was carried out to explore effects of antibiotics (Tylosin, Colestin) and prebiotic (enzymes) on immune status and reproduction of commercial Ross broilers breeder flock of 6000 females and 700 males to use viral vaccines (ND,AI, IB, IBD and CIA) as well as MG and MS infection by ELISA-test. Results revealed that mean ELISA titers against MS was 685±120.7, 1200.4±322.7, 924.6±99.9, 1373±168.5 and 925.7 ±133.4 at 6, 27 ,35, 44 and 61 weeks, respectively; while CV% still is below 30%. Mean ELISA titer against MG was 2891.8±146.64, 608.5±208.5, 2961±1319.5, 3199.2±1331.2 at 6th, 27th, 35th and 44th week, respectively. While CV% was 5.1 at 6 th week and increased gradually to be 48.4 %. The fluctuation in MS and MS ELISA titers might indicate active infection and/or low challenge frequency that was suppressed by the use of drugs. ELISA for viral vaccines including ND was 7594±4810, 18906±3562, 17543±5478 and 16232±2718 at 6th, 15 th , 35th and 61 st week, respectively. CV% was higher with 63.3 at 6th week (week) and after that was good and excellent. ELISA titer for AI was 6214.6±1571.3 at 6 th week and gradually increased to 14805.8 ±2260.7 at 35 th week with CV% less than 30%. Titers against IBD virus was 3716±1188 at 6 th week, increased to 9476±4578 by 35 th weeks, then decreased to 3232 ±1780 at 61 st weeks. ELISA titer against IB virus started with 3642 ±1048 and increased to 11192 ±3458 at 53 rd week. CIA titers started with 1188±410, 7848±1923 and 6056±1385 at 6 th , 27 th and 53 rd week. Interpretation of the recorded ELISA titers with CV% indicating uneven immunity at 6 th week followed by varied increase from good to excellent. This indicates good uniform flock immune by repeated vaccination, medication and good management; while the decreased titers in last weeks were due to normal decaying of antibody. Cumulative mortality rate in the flock was 2.5 % lower than farm stander. Regarding flock productivity as compared with flock stander resulted in high egg production percent in the first 10 weeks. Decreased egg production and hatched eggs at the last weeks (16, 64) can be attributed to big sized eggs. An increase was seen in both average fertility with 1.35% and average hatchability 0.66% as well as cumulative produced chicks/ hen by 5 chicks/hen than farm stander. Conclusion: Based on serological mortality and reproduction results, this study pointed out that the applied vaccination program and preventive medication (Tylosin, Colestin and enzyme prebiotic) in ration or water to broiler breeders resulted in a higher immunity and reproductive performance.

Full text

International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Phytopharmacological Research (eIJPPR) | Augst 2017 | Volume 7 | Issue 4 | Page 18-25
Mohamed M. Amer., Immune status and reproduction of medication vaccinated broiler breeder chickens
ISSN (Online) 2249-6084 (Print) 2250-1029 www.eijppr.com
18
Effect of Antibiotic and Prebiotic On
Immunity and Reproductivity of Broiler Breeder
Flock
Mohamed M. Amer1, Ghazi .A. M. Zohair2, A. EL-shemy3, Hoda M. Mekky4, Dalia M.
Sedeek4
1 Department of Poultry Diseases, Faculty Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, P.O. Code 12211 Giza, Egypt.
2 Department of animal production, Faculty of Agriculture, Sana`a University, Republic of Yemen.
3 Department of Parasitology and Animal Diseases, Veterinary Research Division, National Research Centre, P.O. Code
12311Dokki, Giza, Egypt.
4 Department of Poultry Diseases, Veterinary Research Division, National Research Centre, P.O. Code 12311 Dokki, Giza,
Egypt.
ABSTRACT
This study was carried out to explore effects of antibiotics (Tylosin, Colestin) and prebiotic (enzymes) on immune status and
reproduction of commercial Ross broilers breeder flock of 6000 females and 700 males to use viral vaccines (ND,AI, IB, IBD
and CIA) as well as MG and MS infection by ELISA-
test. Results revealed that mean ELISA titers against MS was 685±120.7,
1200.4±322.7, 924.6±99.9, 1373±168.5 and 925.7 ±133.4 at 6, 27 ,35, 44 and 61 weeks, respectively; while CV% still is
below 30%. Mean ELISA titer against MG was 2891.8±146.64, 608.5±208.5, 2961±1319.5, 3199.2±1331.2 at 6th, 27th, 35th
and 44th week, respectively. While CV% was 5.1 at 6th week and increased gradually to be 48.4 %. The fluctuation in MS and
MS ELISA titers might indicate active infection and/or low challenge frequency that was suppressed by the use of drugs.
ELISA for viral vaccines including ND was 7594±4810, 18906±3562, 17543±5478 and 16232±2718 at 6th, 15th, 35th and 61st
week, respectively. CV% was higher with 63.3 at 6th week (week) and after that was good and excellent. ELISA titer for AI
was 6214.6±1571.3 at 6th week and gradually increased to 14805.8 ±2260.7 at 35th week with CV% less than 30%. Titers
against IBD virus was 3716±1188 at 6th week, increased to 9476±4578 by 35th weeks, then decreased to 3232 ±1780 at 61st
weeks. ELISA titer against IB virus started with 3642 ±1048 and increased to 11192 ±3458 at 53rd week. CIA titers started
with 1188±410, 7848±1923 and 6056±1385 at 6th, 27th and 53rd week.
Interpretation of the recorded ELISA titers with CV% indicating uneven immunity at 6th week followed by varied increase
from good to excellent. This indicates goo
d uniform flock immune by repeated vaccination, medication and good
management; while the decreased titers in last weeks were due to normal decaying of antibody.
Cumulative mortality rate in the flock was 2.5 % lower than farm stander. Regarding flock productivity as compared with
flock stander resulted in high egg production percent in the first 10 weeks. Decreased egg production and hatched eggs at the
last weeks (16, 64) can be attributed to big sized eggs. An increase was seen in both average fertility with 1.35% and average
hatchability 0.66% as well as cumulative produced chicks/ hen by 5 chicks/hen than farm stander.
Conclusion: Based on serological mortality and reproduction results, this study pointed out that the applied vaccination
program and preventive medication (Tylosin, Colestin and enzyme prebiotic) in ration or water to broiler breeders resulted
in a higher immunity and reproductive performance.
Key Words: Broiler breeder chicken, ELISA test, Antibiotic, prebiotic, reproduction, immune response.
eIJPPR 2017; 7(4):18-25
HOW TO CITE THIS ARTICLE: Mohamed M. Amer, Ghazi .A. M. Zohair, A. EL-shemy, Hoda M. Mekky, Dalia M. Sedeek. (2017). “Immune
status and reproduction of medication vaccinated broiler breeder chickens”
, International
Journal of Pharmaceutical and
Phytopharmacological Research, 7(4), pp.18-25.
INTRODUCTION
Vaccination of breeder flocks providing 1 day old chicks
with MDA, protect chicks from infection in the 1st – 3rd
week [1;5]. Vaccine strategies are based on the prevention
of vertical and horizont
al transmission of virus to very young chicks by
immunization of breeder flocks and have been successful
in reducing the incidence of chicken infectious anemia
Corresponding author:
Mohamed M. Amer
Address:
Department of Poultry Diseases, Faculty Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, P.O. Code 12211 Giza, Egypt.
e-mail  profdramer@yahoo.com
Relevant conflicts of interest/financial disclosures: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any
commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.
Received:
14 November 2016;
Revised:
02 June 2017;
Accepted:
24 June 2017

International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Phytopharmacological Research (eIJPPR) | Augst 2017 | Volume 7 | Issue 4 | Page 18-25
Mohamed M. Amer., Immune status and reproduction of medication vaccinated broiler breeder chickens
ISSN (Online) 2249-6084 (Print) 2250-1029 www.eijppr.com
19
(CIA) in young chicks [6]. Antibodies reduced virus
shedding from infected chickens [1,7,8] and keep birds in
high productivity [9] . The success of passive immunity
depends upon antibody titer of the breeder hen, the higher
titer (measure of circulating antibodies) in the hen, the
greater transfer to the chick. For Newcastle disease (ND),
Avian influenza (AI) and Infectious bursal disease (IBD),
there is about 50% transfer of titer from the breeder hen to
the chick [1, 10, 11]. High uniform titers in breeders are
usually obtained with vaccination programs that involve
initial administration of a live virus (primer) followed by
a killed virus at some older age.
The broiler breeder hen usually starts egg production at
the age of 23-24 weeks and produces around 183
hatchable eggs out of 199 total hens housed eggs
produced in 65 weeks of its laying cycle [12]. Farooq et
al. [13] reported smaller per hen-housed egg production
(188 ±0.56 eggs) representing 88 ± 0.23% hatchable and
14± 0.18%, unhatchable eggs than that reported by North
[12]. Probable reason for that could be shorter egg laying
cycle and poor rearing environment in former than in later
case. Higher mortality rate adversely affect production
performance of broiler breeders. Mortality and its
negative association with net profit was reported [13,14].
Moreover, North [12] and Ali [15] reported poor
economic performance of breeders at mortality level of
above 10% and maximum level of mortality 13.11%,
respectively.
Serologic monitoring will establish a baseline of
antibody titers that are the result of both vaccination and
field challenge. Changes in the regular observed antibody
titers may indicate a decrease in the efficacy of vaccine
administration or an increased field challenge by a
particular pathogen. A regular serologic monitoring
program is also helpful to determine whether a flock is
exposed to a new pathogen [16]. Evolution and diagnostic
advantages of the graphic presentation of ELISA are
based on flock-profiling data in combination with gross
and microscopic pathology data [17].
Prebiotics are non-digestibility and selected ferments
capability by some bacterial groups. Most prebiotics are
carbohydrates. Moreover, ingredients are often made of
several compounds. These molecules not only differ in
the polymerization degree but also in the production
technology (as, fractions can be obtained either by
enzymatic hydrolysis or by extraction); these two
manufacturing processes lead up to different mixtures of
final products. Intestinal bacteria metabolize these
compounds in different ways [18, 19, and 20].
Respiratory disease of poultry cause severe
economic losses specially AI, ND, Infectious bronchitis
(IB) and Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG). These
affections could be prevented by vaccination that plays an
important role in the health management of the poultry
flock by triggering or boosting the bird’s immune system
to produce antibodies that in turn fight the invading
causal organisms using live and inactivated vaccine
against usage of antibiotics. IBD and CIA cause to a
variable degree of immunosuppression in the affected
birds [16]. Infection of chicks in the early age displays a
severe and prolonged immunosuppression [21].
Talebi and Ghasemi-lak [22] compared ELISA titers of
MG and MS infected broiler breeders at 35 weeks-old
before and after treatment with tylosin for 5 days and
concluded that the antibiotics affect the outcome of the
MG and MS infections in broiler breeders and reduce
serological titres of MG and MS in infected birds but do
not completely cure the birds from the
infections. Antibiotic antibacterial medications are still
used in poultry industry in several indications including
therapeutic treatment, prevention or as traditional growth
promoters [23, 24]. However, using such antibiotics
during vaccination has not been established well yet and
few data are available in such indication. Both MG and
MS are reported as spread chicken pathogens among
Egyptian chicken flocks by either serological and /or
isolation and identification methods [25, 26]. The
eradication of mycoplasma infection can be achieved
through improvements in hygiene and management
practices, therapeutic treatment of breeder layers and/or
hatching eggs and better monitoring procedures.
Antimycoplasma drugs are used intensively to improve
productivity and reproduction of laying [16, 27, 28].
Stipkovits and Kempf [29] stated that antibiotics could be
used for therapeutic treatment or prophylactic medication.
Fewer MG and fewer positive reactors was recovered
from infected medicated chicks [30]. Administration of
very low levels of tylosin in feeding MG infected layers
in multiple-age complexes was found to lessen egg
production losses [31].
The CV is a measure of variation of antibodies within a
group of serum samples. Lower CV indicates the more
uniform antibody response and typically associated with
good vaccination procedures or with a recent antibody
response after field exposure to a given pathogen.
Because an ELISA titer or an ELISA titer range reflects
simply a quantitative response, such titers should be used
as follows: 1) as a reference for possible trends in
seroconversion in a poultry company upon field
challenges; 2) for identification of rapid seroconversion in
paired acute and convalescent samples in a diagnostic
situation; 3) for evaluations of vaccines and vaccine
application procedures; or 4) to document the absence of
antibodies against pathogens such as AIV, MG, or MS
(IDEXX manual).
Both colistin (polymexins), Tylosin (macroloids)
antibiotics and prebiotic used in this study showed
positive impacts in controlling MG and E.coli and
bacterial complication with such bacteria together with
enhancement immune response of broiler chickens to use
viral vaccines [32,33,34,35].
The objective of present study was to evaluate immune
status of commercial broiler breeder chicken flock raised
with antibiotic and/ or prebiotic medicated to some used
viral vaccines by ELISA- test against ND,AI, IB, IBD and
CIA as well as antibody against MG and MS infection in
relation to flock reproductively.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
1- Experimental Chicken flock:

International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Phytopharmacological Research (eIJPPR) | Augst 2017 | Volume 7 | Issue 4 | Page 18-25
Mohamed M. Amer., Immune status and reproduction of medication vaccinated broiler breeder chickens
ISSN (Online) 2249-6084 (Print) 2250-1029 www.eijppr.com
20
A total number of 6700 Ross broilers breeder flock of
6000 females and 700 males were housed in
semiautomatic deep litter house.
2. Ration:
Commercial breeder chicken ration were given according
to Ross breeding manual and [36]. The used commercial
balanced ration was based on yellow corn or soya bean
that met with [37] broiler breeder chicken requirements.
3- Vaccine Strains and vaccination:
The used viral vaccines, time and route of vaccination are
shown in table (1).
Table (1): Vaccination Program for breeder chickens
no
Age
Vaccine
Method
Manufacturer
1
0 D
THV
sc
merial
2
4 D
coccivac
feed spray
shering plough
3
7 D
ND CLONE
D.W
INTERVET
4
8 D
AI(H5)+ND and REO LIVE
im/sc
merial/intervet
5
15D
Gumboro D78
D.W
INTERVET
6
20D
Clone HB
D.W
IZO
7
25 D
Gumboro D78 intermediate
D.W
INTERVET
8
6 ws
ILT
E.D
INTERVET
9
7 ws
REO,IB,IBD,ND
S,C
INTERVET
10
8 ws
Vectorrmune (pox)
W.W
Biomune
11
9 ws
Colone HB
D.W
IZO
12
10 ws
AI(H5) + ND+IB
sc
Lohhman/Merial
13
12 ws
ILT
E.D
INTERVET
14 13 ws
CAV
D.W
Lohhman
TRT Live
D.W
INTERVET
15
14 ws
Clone ND
D.W
INTERVET
16
15 ws
EDS and AI(H5)+ND
im/sc
Biomune/Lohhman
17
17 ws
IBH120
D.W
INTERVET
18
19 ws
ND La Sota
D.W
INTERVET
19
20 ws
TRT inac+Reo+IB+ND+IBD
im/sc
INTERVET/Biomune
20
21 ws
AI(H5) +ND La Sota
s.c/ D.W
INTERVET
34 week &
Every 5 ws
ND La Sota D.W INTERVET
4- Natuzyme® Prebiotic:
It is a multienzyme poultry feed supplements commercial
product, Novartis Limited, India contains: Cellulase,
xylanase, beta-lucanase, alpha-amylase and pectinases. It
also contains phytase, protease, hemicelluse,
amyloglycosidase, pentosanase and phyton activities.
Dosage: 500 gm/ton of feed. Prebiotic was given in
ration in the first 28 days, then 3 days before vaccination.
5- Antibiotics:
a- Colistin sulphate 6 MIU®: each gm contains 6000.000
IU colistin sulphate. Lot No. 150415 . Jordan Vet. and
Agr. Med. Ind. Co – Amman – Jordan.
b- Tylox® : tylosin water soluble powder 100gm - Lot.
No. 150118. Jordan Vet. and Agr. Med. Ind. Co –
Amman – Jordan. Both Tylosin and colestin were at first
3 days and 28-30 days followed by every 45 days dose of
tylosin + colistin 2 days in water.
6- Samples:
Blood samples for serum were collected for ELISA test at
the end of the week 6, 15, 24, 35, 44, 53 and 61 of life to
detect ELISA antibody titers against ND, AI, IB, IBD,
CIA , MG and MS. Results are shown in tables (1 - 3).
7- Serological ELISA test:
The collected sera were tested to evaluate the antibodies
titer against ND, AI, IB, IBD MG, CIA and MS
antibodies procedure performed using commercial ELISA
kits according to the manufacturer's recommendations:
a. AI: Indirect ELISA methods, including ProFLOCK
plus AIV Ab test kit (Synbiotics, USA), indirect ELISA
methods were performed.
b. ND: Chicken serum samples were examined for NDV
antibodies by indirect ELISA, using a commercial ELISA
test kit ProFLOK® NDV Plus (Synbiotics, San Diego,
CA), run in 96-well micro-titer plates containing NDV
antigen.
c. IBD: The sera obtained from blood of experimental
chicks at various time points were tested for IBD
antibodies using the PROFLOK® plus IBD Ab test kit
(Symbiotics, San Diego, CA).
d. IB: The PROFLOK® IBV ELISA Kit (Synbiotics,
USA), which is a rapid serologic test used for the
detection of IBV antibody in chicken serum samples.
e. CIA: All samples were analyzed by Elisa kit (Synbiotic
Corp., USA) in the same condition. According to the kit’s
instruction, the serum samples with the S/P ratio equal or
less than 0.349 were considered zero titer and S/P ratio
equal or greater than 0.350 (≥1472) were considered
positive serum.
f. MG: The procedure used in this test was performed
using commercial ELISA kits for the presence of anti-MG
antibodies ProFLOK® MG Antibody Test Kit, Synbiotics
Corp. - USA].

International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Phytopharmacological Research (eIJPPR) | Augst 2017 | Volume 7 | Issue 4 | Page 18-25
Mohamed M. Amer., Immune status and reproduction of medication vaccinated broiler breeder chickens
ISSN (Online) 2249-6084 (Print) 2250-1029 www.eijppr.com
21
g. MS: commercial ELISA kit (Synbiotics Corp.,
ProFlock, USA) to detect specific antibodies against MS
were used according to the manufacturer’s instructions.
8- Coefficient of variation (CV%) values:
The CV% is the standard deviation divided by the mean,
multiplied by 100, whether we are relating to antibody
titers. Interpretation of CV values in vaccinated birds can
be done as: > 30% : Excellent; 30-50%: Good; 51-80%:
Fair and >80%: poor.
9. Reproduction:
Reproduction of the flock under study was calculated at
27th, 35th , 44th, 53rd and 61st week of life according to
North [12] as compared with breed stander as well as the
farm stander [36], which is the average of reproduction of
last 3 successive flocks from starting of egg laying at 24th
– 64th week (40 production weeks). The obtained results
are seen in table (4-6).
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Good management, vaccination program and preventive
medication are required to obtain high performance and
production as well as hatchery parameters in poultry
farms. Results of table (2) revealed that mean ELISA
titers against MS was 685±120.7 and increased to
1200.4±322.7 till 27th week, then slightly decreased to
924.6±99.9 at 35th week, then increased again at 44th
week to 1373±168.5 and decreased at 61st week to
925.67±133.4 , ELISA titers reduction at 35th week might
be due to using antibiotic at this time and susceptibility of
infected strain to such antibiotic [39,40] resulting in
decreased bacterial population while such titer rose at
Table ( 2 ): Main ELISA titers against MS and MG in vaccinated and medicated breeder flock.
Age/
weeks No of
samples
MS MG
mean SD CV% mean SD CV%
6
31
685
120.7
17.6
2891.8
146.64
5.1
15
45
1924.6
50.4
2.6
1446.2
176.8
12.2
27
30
1200.4
322.7
26.9
608.5
208.5
34.3
35
30
924.6
99.9
10.8
2961
1319.5
44.6
44
35
1373.3
168.5
12.3
3199.2
1331.2
41.6
53
20
1099
313.5
28.5
668.3
281.5
42.1
61 48 925.67 133.4 14.4 364.9 176.6 48.4
44th week indicating activation of latent infection again,
which gradually decreased at 53rd and 61st week, which
indicate normal decaying of antibody [41], while CV%
still is below 30% all observation time indicate persistent
infection in spite of antibiotic treatment, which indicates
resistance to used antibiotic or persistence on material in
poultry environment [42]. Moreover, other researchers
stated that antibiotic treatment against MS could decrease
symptoms of the disease but did not eliminate infection
[43]. While mean ELISA titer against MG was
2891.8±146.64 at 6th week of life, gradually decreased
till 27th week of life and become 608.5±208.5, then
sharply increase again at 35th and 44th week of life to
2961±1319.5 and 3199.2±1331.2, respectively, which
indicates active infection [44] . Then, again decreased
gradually in next 53 and 61 weeks of life which indicates
possible normal decaying of antibody [41], while CV%
was 5.1 at week 6 and increased gradually to 48.4 %
indicate uneven immunity due to challenge frequency.
Table ( 3 ): Main ELISA titers against ND and AI in vaccinated and medicated breeder flock
Age/
week
No of
samples
ND
AI
Mean
SD
CV%
Mean
SD
CV%
6
31
7594
4810
63.3
6214.6
1571.3
25
15
45
18906
3562
18.8
10113.8
1372.1
14
27
30
12083
3239
26.8
12547.5
1908.5
15
35
30
17543
5478
31.2
14805.8
2260.7
15
44
35
14762
3217
21.8
6366.4
2260.2
36
53
20
15682
3458
22.1
4986.5
2310.5
46
61
48
16232
2718
16.7
4121.7
2260.2
55
Results of mean ELISA for ND at 6 weeks of age was
7594±4810 , which increased by 15 weeks of age to
18906±3562 indicating good vaccination immune
response [45] by 27 weeks of age. This titer become
12083±3239, which indicate field challenge [46], then
increased by 35 weeks of age to 17543±5478 good
immune response due to vaccination , then decreased by
44 weeks of age to 14762±3217 indicating field
challenge due to indemicity of such disease and increase
again and still was high at 53 and 61 weeks of age to be
15682±3458 and 16232±2718, respectively, which maybe
indicate good immune response due to vaccination and
absence of field challenge, while CV% was higher with
63.3 at 6 weeks of age and decreased very good flock
immune uniformity [47]. ELISA titer for AI (Table 3)
was 6214.6±1571.3 at 6 week-old, which gradually

International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Phytopharmacological Research (eIJPPR) | Augst 2017 | Volume 7 | Issue 4 | Page 18-25
Mohamed M. Amer., Immune status and reproduction of medication vaccinated broiler breeder chickens
ISSN (Online) 2249-6084 (Print) 2250-1029 www.eijppr.com
22
increased weekly to 14805.8±2260.7 at 35 week-old with
CV% less than 30, which indicate good vaccination
immune response with no challenge [48] , then decreased
by week 44 to 6366.4±2260.2, which indicate maybe field
challenge [49].
Mean ELISA titers against IBD virus at 6 week-old was
3716±1188, started to increase 9476±4578 by 35th week.
This indicates good immune response due to vaccination
without any field challenge [50, 51], then decreased
gradually to 3232±1780 at 61st weeks indicating normal
decaying of antibody [41]. While mean antibody titer
against IB virus starts with 3642±1048 and increases
gradually to 21170±13329 at 27th weeks due to
vaccination with no evidence of field challenge then
decrease gradually to 11192±3458 at 53rd week [52] .
Concerning CIA mean antibody titers start with 1188±410
and increase gradually to 7848±1923 at 27th week
indicating good antibody response due to vaccination [53]
and decreased by 35 and 44 weeks of age then increase
again to 6056±1385 at 53rd week.
Table ( 4 ): Main ELISA titers against IBD, IB and CIA in vaccinated and medicated breeder flock
Age/
week
No of
samples
IBD
IB
CIA
Mean
SD
CV%
Mean
SD
CV%
Mean
SD
CV%
6
31
3716
1188
32.0
3642
1048
28.8
1188
410
34.5
15
45
2088
1356
64.9
15501
3256
21.0
7078
1536
21.7
27
30
4083
929
22.8
21170
13329
63.0
7848
1923
24.5
35
30
9476
4578
48.3
18006
14325
79.6
4008
2847
71.0
44
35
7119
2137
30.0
16377
17321
105.8
2780
732
26.3
53
20
5574
2158
38.7
11192
3458
30.9
6056
1385
22.9
61
48
3232
1780
55.1
15176
12718
83.8
5394
1278
23.7
Interpretation of the recorded ELISA titres to CV%,
indicates uneven immunity at 6 weeks and followed by
increased titres and to be varied from good to excellent.
This indicates good flock immune uniformity by repeated
vaccination field challenge; while the decreased titres in
last weeks were due to normal decaying of antibody.
The recorded cumulative mortality (Table 5) rate (
12.5%) in the flock was 1.5 % lower than farm stander
(14%). This result indicates improvement and higher
production performance and immunity of broiler breeders
[12,13,14,15].
Table (5): Average weekly Egg production % , egg produced and hatching eggs / hen housed / week of farm stander
and treated flocks.
Age/weeks
Egg production %
Egg/Housed hen/week
Hatch Egg/Housed hen/week
Farm Stander
Treated
Farm
Standard
Treated
Farm
Standard
Treated
27
55.0
56.5
3.85
3.66
3.96
3.81
35
84.0
86.9
5.88
5.57
6.08
5.40
44
75.0
79.5
5.15
4. 82
5.57
4.90
53
66.5
67.5
4.66
4.40
4.73
4.43
61
56.0
45.5
3.92
3.75
3.18
3.10
64
48
46.3
3.36
3.23
3.24
3.08
Average egg production %
63.01
65.13
Cumulative egg
178.56
164.73
180.32
173.50
Cumulative Mortality%
14
12.5
* Hen-week (%) is based on the assumption that mortality in lay is 8% with 0.2% mortality per week.
** A hatching egg is considered to be an egg which is 50- 70 g.
Regarding effect of Treatment of flock productivity as
compared with flock stander (Table 5), resulted in
increased egg production percent in the first 10 weeks.
This was matched with Torki et al. [54] who found that
enzymes improves productive performance and egg
quality of laying hens, moreover use of both tylosin and
colistin could improve egg production percent due to
controlling infectious agents such as Mycoplasma spp.
and /or complicating agents such as avian pathogenic
E.coli and Mycoplasma [32,38,34] affected both quantity
and quality of produced egg [55,56]. Decreased egg
production and hatched eggs at the last weeks (61 and 64)
can be attributed to big sized eggs.
Results of reproduction (Table 6) increased average
fertility with 1.35% and average hatchability 0.66% with
improvement of shell characters. This may be due to that
controlling infectious agents such as MG, MS, E.coli and
Salmonella by antibiotic used resulting in improving
fertility and hatchability [22,32,57,58].
Table (6): Weekly Hatchability and hick Production, average Fertility and Hatchability as well as cumulative chick/hen
and total culls percentage in treated and farm stander of breeder chickens.

International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Phytopharmacological Research (eIJPPR) | Augst 2017 | Volume 7 | Issue 4 | Page 18-25
Mohamed M. Amer., Immune status and reproduction of medication vaccinated broiler breeder chickens
ISSN (Online) 2249-6084 (Print) 2250-1029 www.eijppr.com
23
Age/weeks
Farm Standard
Treated
Hatchability
(%)
Chicks/Week
Hen-Housed
Hatchability
(%)
Chicks/week
Hen-Housed
27
80.6
2. 35
81.8
2.47
35
90.5
5. 60
92.3
5.63
44
86.5
4. 62
86.8
4.78
53
79.9
3.62
77.6
3.68
61
73.6
2. 35
75.6
3.18
64
70.2
2.45
71.8
2. 62
Average
Fertility %
93.60
94.95
Average hatchability
82.0
82.66
Cumulative
168.5
173.5
Culled chick%
1.71
1.55
NOTES: * Hatchability is based on an average egg age of 3 days. Hatchability will drop by 0.5% per day of storage
between 7 and 11 days.
Cumulative produced chicks per hen was increased due to
treatment by 5 chicks/hen than farm stander. This may be
due to controlling poultry pathogens leading to embryonic
death in hatcheries, such as avian pathogenic mycoplasma
[16], E.coli [59], and Salmonella spp. [60] as both
pathogens affect fertility and hatchability.
From both serological results and productivity, we can
notice that flock under test had good immune response
and production parameters.
In conclusion, our field study pointed out that the applied
vaccination program and preventive medication (Tylosin,
Colestin and enzyme prebiotic) in ration or water to
broiler breeders resulted in a higher immunity and
reproductive performance as compared with farm stander
as control.
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