M.K. Jhala

Anand Agricultural University | AAU · Department of Veterinary Microbiology

The present study was carried out in and around Anand district of Gujarat with the aim to assess the sensitivity and specificity of IFN-γ assay as compared to intradermal tuberculin test for diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis during the period 2011-12. The prevalence of bovine TB in the cattle was 26.19% by TST and 38.49% by IFN- γ assay. Breed wise,...

In present study, 50 nasal and conjunctival pooled swab samples from 48 dogs, one each from leopard and cat were collected, which were suspected for canine distemper from Anand and Ahmedabad districts during period of January-21 to June-21. Out of the 50 samples, 18% were positive for CD by Lateral flow assay (LFA). Using LFA, one each sample from...

Mastitis, the inflammation of parenchyma of mammary gland is frequently considered to be costliest and complex disease prevalent in India. Mastitis is caused by pathogens like Staphylococcus spp., Streptococcus spp., Mycoplasma bovis, E. coli, Klebsiella spp., Citrobacter spp., Enterobacter spp. and Entercoccus. The treatment of mastitis in animals...

Background: Mastitis, the inflammation of parenchyma of mammary gland is frequently considered to be costliest and complex disease prevalent in India. Mastitis is caused by pathogens like Staphylococcus spp., Streptococcus spp., Mycoplasma bovis, E. coli, Klebsiella spp., Citrobacter spp., Enterobacter spp. and Entercoccus. The treatment of mastiti...

The present study was undertaken with an aim of characterization of rabies virus (genus Lyssavirus of the family Rhabdoviridae under the order Mononegavirales) by sequencing of partial nucleoprotein (N) gene of rabies virus and phylogenetic analysis to know the genotype and lineage of rabies virus present in Gujarat state of India. A total of 32 sa...

A total of 349 quarters of 89 lactating cows comprising 31 Triple cross (TP) [Kankrej × Jersey × Holstein Friesian (HF)], 29 Kankrej, 17 Gir and 12 HF were screened for subclinical mastitis. A percentage of 52.8 (47/89) of cows and 30.66% (107/349) quarters were found to be positive for subclinical mastitis. A total of 68 Staphylococci could be ide...

The aims of this study were to investigate various factors associated with protective anti-rabies antibody status (0.5 EU/ml) in vaccinated pet dogs and anti-rabies antibody status in unvaccinated stray dogs. One hundred and seven serum samples were collected from vaccinated pet dogs, out of these 58 (62.36 %) dogs showed antibody titre above 0.5 E...

Infectious bronchitis (IB) is a common, highly contagious, acute, and economically important viral disease of chickens caused by Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV, sp. Avian coronavirus). Five pooled tissue suspensions of 50 layer birds and one reference Massachusetts vaccine strain were inoculated into specific pathogen free (SPF) chicken egg for i...

Rabies is one of the oldest recognised fatal encephalitis of warm-blooded animals and has worldwide prevalence. The causative agent is a neurotropic RNA virus belonging to the family Rhabdoviridae and genus Lyssavirus. Correct and prompt diagnosis of rabies is important for the post-exposure prophylaxis/measures in human and animals. Total 20 sampl...

Newcastle disease virus (NDV) causes a highly contagious disease which continuously haunts the global poultry industry. The nature and molecular epidemiology of NDVs prevalent in recent outbreaks in India is poorly understood. This study aimed to characterize NDVs prevalent in vaccinated flocks in India using whole-genome sequencing and biological...

We have investigated the influence of dopaminergic agents on the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene in relation with lipid levels in chronic mild stress (CMS). Mice subjected to CMS were treated with simvastatin (10 mg/kg, per os (orally)) along with bromocriptine (2 mg/kg, intraperitoneally (ip)), levodopa (200 mg/kg, ip),...

The present study was aimed to characterize the local field bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV1) by cloning and sequencing of the glycoprotein C (gC) gene segment of BHV1, amplified by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The PCR product of 173 bp of a representative positive semen sample was cloned using the pTZ57R/T vector supplied with the InsT/Aclone™ P...

The present study was undertaken to standardizing and applying the novel Nucleocapsid (N) gene based RT-PCR, for diagnosis of PPR. Further, an attempt was made to access possible genetic variation among the field and vaccine PPRVs by RFLP profile. A total of 46 clinical samples from 31 goats suspected of PPRV from middle Gujarat and, reference vacc...

Metagenomic and traditional microbial culture based analyses of milk samples from cows harbouring subclinical mastitis pathogens were carried out to identify the microbial community structure of milk. A total of 77 Triple cross (TP), Kankrej and Gir lactating cows and 301 quarters were screened for subclinical mastitis. A total of 106 isolates belo...

The objective of the study was to determine the anticancerous efficacy of Ayurvedic preparation made of Semecarpus anacardium (SA) nuts. Five groups of rats were used for the study. Group I served as water control. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) was induced in groups II, III and IV animals using N-nitrosodiethylamine as inducing agent followed by p...

Bovine tuberculosis (BTB) is a chronic bacterial disease of cattle caused by Mycobacterium bovis, a member of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex involved in major animal health problem with zoonotic and economic implications. Screening of mycobacterial infections in bovines is conventionally done employing the single intradermal tuberculin test (TS...

Mastitis is one of the most common and burdensome diseases afflicting dairy animals. Among other causes of mastitis, staphylococci are frequently associated with clinical and subclinical mastitis. Although Staphylococcus aureus is the predominant species involved, Staphylococcus epidermidis and other coagulase-negative staphylococci are increasingl...

Chicken anemia virus was detected by PCR in tissue samples collected from poultry flocks in Gujarat, India. The VP1, VP2 and VP3 gene sequences of CAV from Anand, Gujarat were obtained after cloning the PCR products in pDrive cloning vector. Nucleotide sequence alignment with other CAV sequences demonstrated overall identity of 95-98.8%, 98.8-99.8%...

Twenty-seven S. agalactiae isolates obtained after screening 89 cows for subclinical mastitis were studied for antibiotic resistance and virulence genes. The highest resistance was found by Disc diffusion method for Streptomycin (85.1%) whereas the lowest resistance was found for Gentamicin (3.7%). Resistance against Tetracycline, Erythromycin, Co-...

Determination of the G genotypes of group A bovine rotaviruses from 53 diarrhoeic faecal samples were collected from both organized and unorganized farms in and around the Anand area including the Livestock Research Station, Anand, Gujarat. Rotavirus ribonucleic acid (RNA) was extracted from nine faecal samples of diarrheic calves positive for grou...

Canine parvovirus was first described in 1978, with the original isolate being termed CPV type 2 (CPV-2). Now recently since 2001, a new CPV mutant (CPV-2c) has been detected worldwide. The vaccines presently in use are CPV-2(a/b) strain thus there is a subsequent need to update current CPV vaccines. Hence, the objective of the present study was to...

We report the finished and annotated genome sequence of Pasteurella multocida gallicida strain Anand1_poultry, which was isolated from the liver of a diseased adult female chicken. The strain causes a disease called “fowl cholera,” which is a contagious disease in birds. We compared it with the published genome sequence of Pasteurella multocida Pm7...

A total of 34 clinical samples and four Marek’s disease virus (MDV) vaccines were tested using primer BamH1/BamH2 in layer birds of poultry. Out of 34 samples tested for detection of MDV, 32 samples produced approximately 434 bp product. All the three HVT vaccines as well as SB-1 (MDV-2) vaccine failed to produce the expected amplicons, there by pr...

Fifty-three faecal samples from diarrheic calves were collected from November 2008 to March 2009 and screened by LAT, and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) to detect the presence of group A rotavirus antigen. Of the 53 samples screened by LAT, 17 (32.08%) tested positive for rotavirus antigen. When the results from the PAGE were compared to...

Present study was aimed to characterize bacterial communities in goat rumen using a culture-independent approach for a pooled sample of rumen fluid from five adult surti goats. Due to their unique browsing habits including feeding on unconventional tree leaves, goats are expected to host distinct bacterial communities in their rumen. So, 16S rDNA s...

Characterization of the ICP4 gene in pathogenic Marek's disease virus of poultry in Gujarat, India, using PCR and sequencing. Vet. arhiv 80, 683-692, 2010. aBsTRaCT A total of 34 clinical samples were collected for detection of Marek's disease virus (MDV) by polymerase chain reaction assays using primers M1.1/M1.8 to amplify a region of the ICP4 ge...

Disease resistance pattern of six different breeds / lines was studied using experimental infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) infection. Al and Kl groups revealed mild gross and histopathological lesions. Al and Ki groups also exhibited least immunosuppressive effect of IBDV as ascertained by HI antibody titres against NDV vaccine. The findings...

A total of 34 clinical samples were collected for detection of Marek’s disease virus (MDV) by polymerase chain reaction assays using primers M1.1/M1.8 to amplify a region of the ICP4 gene in layer birds of poultry. Primer set M1.1/M1.8 amplified a 318 bp product as against the expected 247 bp product in 30 samples out of 34 samples tested. To confi...

A total of 65 faecal samples from diarrhoeic dogs of different breeds, age, sex and vaccination status were collected in different seasons and screened for the presence of CPV. Of these, 15 (23.07%) samples were positive for CPV infection by PCR. The incidence of CPV infection was marginally higher in local breeds (27.33%) than exotic breeds viz.,...

Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is an important viral disease of sheep and goats, endemic in India. The study was undertaken to characterize the local PPRV by sequencing fusion (F) protein and nucleoprotein (N) gene segments and phylogenetic analysis, so as to focus on genetic variation in the field viruses. Selected regions of PPRV genome were am...

Bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1), the causative agent of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR), is considered to be the most common viral pathogen found in bovine semen. BHV-1 is associated with several clinical conditions including infectious bovine rhinotracheitis, infectious pustular vulvovaginitis, balanoposthitis, conjunctivitis and generalized...

The present study was undertaken to screen the sera of cattle and buffalo bulls belonging to five semen collection centres of Gujarat state for the presence of IBRV antibodies employing monoclonal antibody based blocking ELISA (M-ELISA). The indirect fluorescence test was performed to correlate the results obtained by M-ELISA. Out of 89 sera tested...

Diabetes was induced in Groups II, III and IV rats by alloxan monohydrate at the rate of 180 mg/kg body weight. Body weight increased significantly (p < 0.05) after Coldenia procumbens treatment. Treatment with C. procumbens significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the blood glucose level from 394.17 +/- 10.52 (mg/dl) to 152.83 +/- 2.15 (mg/dl) in rats whe...

Six groups of chicks of different breeds/lines viz. Aseel X Dahlem Red (AI), Kadaknath X Dahlem Red (KI), Naked Neck X Dahlem Red (NI). Frizzle X Dahlem Red (FI), commercial layer line of WLH (CLI) and commercial broiler line of WLH (CBI) were experimentally infected with IBDV. Pooled bursal samples were collected from each group at 2 nd, 4 th, 7 t...

Out of 527 sera tested including 437 from cattle and 90 from sheep, 343 (65.08%) were found positive for Blue tongue virus (BTV) antibodies by AB-ELISA. Species wise, 67.04% of cattle and 55.55% of sheep revealed antibodies to BTV by AB-ELISA. District wise seroprevalence study revealed highest incidence in Valasad District (68.51%) followed by Nav...

An invitro assay of cytotixicity levels in the sera of bovine tuberculin reactors and non-rectors was carried out on L-929 cell line and the higher cytotoxicity values showed by the tuberculin reactors compared to the negative reactors, may be useful in the diagnosis and prognosis of tuberculin positive and doubtful reactors.

The Infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) causes considerable morbidity and mortality mainly by immunosuppression in chicken. There are reports of emergence of very virulent lBDV (vvlBDV) strains in different parts of the world including India during the last couple of decades. The present study was aimed at screening IBD suspected bursal samples...

Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) genes are known to be involved in host resistance to a variety of' antigens and pathogens. In this report, birds from three genetic groups viz. Bantam, Bantamised White leghorn (BWLH) and White Leghorn (WLH) were typed for the MHC class II (BLβ II family) alleles using polymerase chain reaction- sequence speci...

Infectious bursal disease (IBD) has proved to be a major challenge for poultry farmers. This is an immunosuppressive disease, which makes birds more vulnerable for other infections at an early age. The disease is caused by infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV), which belongs to the family Birnaviridae that is characterized by a bisegmented dsRNA g...

The study was aimed at isolation of infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV), detection by RT-PCR and genetic characterization by single strand conformational polymorphism (SSCP). BGM-70 cwell monolayers inoculated with two field bursal samples resulted in isolation of the virus after five succesive passages. Distinct CPE charcaterized by rounding an...