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Modular RFID Parking Management System based on Existed Gate System Integration

Authors:
Ming-Shen Jian at National Formosa University
Ming-Shen Jian
Kuen-Shiuh Yang
Kuen-Shiuh Yang
Chung-Lun Lee
Chung-Lun Lee
Chung-Lun Lee
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In this paper, a Modular RFID Parking Management System that integrates the existed gate system and RFID is proposed. This system includes Modular Gate-PC Controller and Embedded Gate Hardware, RFID System, Modular Parking Management Platform. Most systems in Modular RFID Parking Management System are modulated and can be substituted for any other similar system or hardware. The proposed Modular Parking Management Platform is independent of the operation system on PC and can be embedded in any other modulated parking system or hardware. The real test and verification proves that the proposed Modular RFID Parking Management System can certainly reduce the total cost of RFID parking system infrastructure without re-modifying the existed hardware.
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... According to Vilammi et. al. (2002) and Jian (2008), the RFID system consists of antennas, a reader, and RFID tags. The tag id can be provided by the manufacturers or can be provided by the programmer of the system (Yadav, 2014). ...
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... The selected one was RF (Radio Frequency) for designing tool on internet [6]. Related studies were investigated during this design [7][8][9][10][11][12][13]. The PCB's parameters were inserted into RF design tool to use the Coplanar wave guide with ground in RF route. ...
Designing and Analyzing Park Sensor System for Efficient and Sustainable Car Park Area Management
Article
Full-text available
  • Mar 2021
Many problems have been seen in cities because of increasing vehicle density. One of these problems is vehicle density in parking lots. People look for empty parking areas and they spend too much time. While people look for empty parking areas, CO2 (carbon dioxide) emission and energy consumption increase due to density in parking lots. We worked to solve these problems by doing Magnetic Car Park Sensor. Magnetic Car Park Sensor is the system which detects cars in car parks. After cars detected with the system, the system sends information to center server and we can see information data in the system interface. The system helps people to find empty parking lots. As people find empty car park areas fastly, energy consumption and CO2 emission are decreased significantly.
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... In addition, they posses high tendency to act independently with high degree of collaboration and flexible to adapt to the other systems administration functionalities with full coordination [3]. In that capacity, they achieve new difficulties notwithstanding those presented by traditional wired or wireless networks [4]. The characteristics of wireless sensor networks are summarized below as follows. ...
Intelligent Vehicle Parking System (IVPS) Using Wireless Sensor Networks
Article
Full-text available
  • Mar 2021
  • WIRELESS PERS COMMUN
Internet of Things is an emerging and enabling technology which is completely based on self-directed wireless senors. Sensors are organized in area to sense and monitor different physical characteristics of the internal and external parameters of many applications of real life scenarios which are more important for day by day life. In this research, an Intelligent Vehicle Parking System using sensors are modeled for the Smart parking system with real time scenarios. Wireless autonomous sensors plays a vital role in building the intellectual based smart parking system. These autonomous sensors exhibit communication among them and extend its communication to the central base station which acts as central for storing the sensed data for the further processing.
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... Also, the driver is made aware about the details of the vacant parking slot which is nearest to the vehicle at that instance. Similar to this, the procedure which is based on radio frequency identification is proposed in [13]. It consists of gate PC regulator and equipment related to implanted gate. ...
Learning automata and reservation based secure smart parking system: Methodology and simulation analysis
Article
  • Jan 2021
  • SIMUL MODEL PRACT TH
The increase in the number of vehicles on roads has compounded the difficulty in parking them when people go out for movies, shopping, theatre, etc. Thus, this paper proposes smart parking system. The reservation of the parking slots can be made using this proposed smart parking system. Unlike the methods proposed in the existing research, the system proposed in this paper divides the parking area into 3 parts. One for conventional parking, one for vehicles with reservation and the other for the vehicles with and without reservation. Learning automata is used in the proposed system to determine the percentage of the parking area for conventional parking. In general, the proportionate of the slots for reserved parking, conventional parking and common slots need to be assumed. Learning Automata helps in determining this proportionate optimally. The AES-256 encryption algorithm is used to provide security for the details provided by the user during reservation process. Goodput value is maintained for each vehicle which increases or decreases the chances of getting a reservation. The time limit for the reservation of the parking slot is also maintained after which the reservation gets cancelled automatically. Markov Model is used to represent the system. The performance of the proposed algorithm, Learning Automata and Reservation based Secure Smart Parking System (LA-RSSPS) is simulated and evaluated in terms of average waiting time, search time, the probability with which the vehicles do not get parking slot when they do not have reservation and the probability with which the vehicles do not get reservation and is compared with ProNet and iERS. Results have shown that our scheme preforms better than the ProNet and iERS competing schemes. The comparison of analytical and simulations results are also presented.
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... In smart parking management based on monitoring, each parking space is equipped with a sensor (camera sensor or presence sensor) to detect the presence or absence of vehicles to create an accessibility map. The authors of [4,9,11,13,16] propose smart parking managers using RFID technology and embedded systems to help the user check parking availability online with a image detection. [1,2,15] describes a wireless sensor network with a wireless sensor. ...
Car Parking Data Processing Technique for Smart Parking System as Part of Smart City
Chapter
  • Jan 2021
The most useful property of any smart system is to have such characteristics as to simulate the process of thinking in order to simplify activities. This Smart parking includes data on location of the car with optimal topology of sensors placement, violation created, and some additional services. The results of it are list of tariffs, list of clients registered in the system, list of registered equipment, list of zones in which the system operates, and list of violations. It includes the following services: active service (for replacing the paper ticketing system and provide instructions to drivers, giving car drivers the ability to use their RFID tag to manage parking), car search service, intelligent parking, regulation, parking security services, availability status, parking lot service maintenance, parking control for automatic door opening, and checking remote access via the Internet and/or GSM network for real-time monitoring. But it is not intended for a specific city, and is a universal solution that can be adapted to any city.
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... It can also perform tasks such as selecting the nearest unfilled parking space and the location is sent to the driver. Yet another RFID system was proposed by Jian et al. 2008 [14] that contains a Gate-PC controller and embedded Gate hardware. It was a modular parking management platform and can be replaced by any other related system or hardware. ...
Impulsive Parking Systems for Smart Cities Based on Vehicle Location and Destination Using Internet of Things
Chapter
  • Apr 2020
People driving in the busy citified regions would be deeply annoyed to find an empty parking slot and crave for a solution that could lead them to an unfilled parking slot. The hustled movement of the vehicles in search of empty slot frustrates the driver and increases the fuel consumption which in turn raises the pollutant level in the exhaust gas. On searching for an empty slot in bustling urbs, the probability of a mishap is higher [1]. This issue made industries to invest solely on developing smart parking strategies by implementing modern technology. Cities with great ordinal of on-street parking slots comparatively needs to take up smart parking to avoid vehicles rushing to the empty parking slot. Today, parking sector is being changed by modern technologies which facilitate cities to reduce overcrowding of the vehicles and pollutants emission. Internet of Things (IoT) connects the world of parking and provides intelligent parking solutions. In this frame of reference, IoT employs integrated wireless sensor networks to link the parking slots cloud-predicated astute management accommodations are offered. These affiliated devices are termed as smart devices or smart objects, in addition it constitutes smart machines that communicate and interact with each other, environment, objects, etc. Some essential benefits of IoT are (1) easy to track, (2) increased awareness about the situation, (3) sensor determined judgmental analytics, (4) rapid control and response, etc. IoT technology grows in diverse fields and the boundary constraints are yet to be identified. To achieve our goal of smart parking, three major procedures are involved namely sensing/detection, processing, and connecting.
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An AI-Enabled Vehicle Surveillance System to Tracking Entrance, Exit, and Parking of Vehicles on the University of Technology–Jamaica, Papine Campus
Chapter
  • Dec 2023
There is an increased number of vehicles on university campuses such as the University of Technology–Jamaica. This necessitates better tracking of vehicles entering and leaving the campus and identifying parking violations. One of the more prominent ways of addressing these issues in other organizations is the implementation of automated parking systems. These implementations generally use sensor technology for vehicle detection along with artificial intelligence in the form of automatic license plate readers to recognize and record vehicle license plates. Automated parking systems, however, generally lack features that are specifically designed to aid in security and are not often used by institutions and businesses to aid in management. We designed a system, which we named Campus Vision, to tackle misplacement, tracking, and parking of vehicles on the University of Technology, Jamaica, Papine Campus. This chapter presents our methodology, results, conclusions, and recommendations. We designed our system using the python programming language along with the YOLO and EasyOCR libraries. The system analyzed, extracted, and stored images from the live stream of video from select security cameras at the university. Our results showed that Campus Vision successfully identified 78% of vehicles entering and 71% of vehicles exiting the campus, and of these vehicles identified, it recognized 98% of the license plates. Campus Vision successfully detected 90% of submitted vehicles involved in parking violations, with 100% license plate detection. We concluded that Campus Vision was able to achieve an overall accuracy rate of 76% in detecting vehicles and 98% in detecting license plates while only being able to achieve a 34% accuracy rate in correctly identifying license plate numbers. We recommend that the system be considered for implementation but with dedicated GPUs and better strategic placement of security cameras. We further recommend that more research be conducted in this area, for example, with motorcycles, trucks, and buses on campus.
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Transition of Combustion to Explosion and Decision Support Systems for Explosion Protection
Chapter
  • Jan 2021
A simple mathematical model of the combustion-to-explosion transition is constructed. This model is based on solving mathematical problems of the hydrodynamic flame stability, which are reduced to solving eigenvalue problems for linearized differential equations of gas dynamics. The influence of viscosity and compressibility on the development of perturbations is analyzed. The turbulence scale (the average size of the flame cells) in the case of instability of the laminar combustion process is estimated. The possibilities of the transition of slow combustion to both a deflagration explosion and a detonation wave are considered. Theoretical estimates of the explosive induction distance and the time of the combustion-to-explosion transition are obtained. These estimates are expressed by algebraic formulas, the use of which saves computer resources and does not require significant computer time. The latter fact is extremely important for the online control of potentially explosive objects. The calculations of the explosive induction distance and the time of the combustion-to-explosion transition agree with experimental data and the numerical results of other authors. Estimation of the time of a possible combustion-to-explosion transition allows to make timely and correct decision on measures to prevent an explosion or minimize its consequences. The constructed model is universal: it is applicable to the combustion of both homogeneous gas mixtures and heterogeneous media. The application of fuzzy logic makes it possible to use the proposed mathematical model of the transition from slow combustion to explosion for the software of decision support systems on the explosion safety and explosion protection for real potentially explosive objects in industry and transport. The advantage of this decision support system is that it allows the decision makers to do without experts.
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Smart Identification Frameworks for Ubiquitous Computing
Conference Paper
Full-text available
  • Jan 2003
We present our results in the conceptual design and the implementation of ubiquitous computing applications using smart identification technologies. First, we describe such technologies and their potential application areas, followed by an overview of some applications we have developed. Based on the experiences we gained from the development of these systems, we point out design concepts that we find useful for structuring and implementing such applications. Building upon these concepts, we have created two frameworks based on Jini (i.e., distributed Java objects) and Web services to support the development of ubiquitous computing applications that make use of smart identification technology. We describe our prototype frameworks, discuss the underlying concepts and present some lessons learned.
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Read Range Analysis of Passive RFID Systems for Manufacturing Control Systems
Article
Full-text available
  • Jan 2002
An RFID system can be considered as a wireless communication system because the reader device communicates with the transponder by using electromagnetic waves at radio frequencies. The performance of this communication link can be studied by determining the read range for backscatter RFID systems. The read range or the distance where the reader unit notices the tag depends on many factors. Frequency used for identification, gain, orientation and polarization of the reader antenna and the transponder antenna, and the placement of the tag on the object to be identified will all have an impact on the RFID system's read range. (1) This paper presents an approach to analyzing the read range of a backscatter RFID system as a function of frequency, antenna gain and polarization mismatch.
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Embedded local area public/personal service system based on RFID system integration
Article
Full-text available
  • Jan 2008
In this paper, an Embedded Local Area Public/Personal Service System (ELAPSS) that integrates the existed RFID system is proposed. This system includes Embedded Service Middleware Platform, and End User RFID Device/Tag. ELAPSS is modulated and can be substituted for any other similar system, hardware, and Internet service. The real test and verification prove that the proposed ELAPSS can certainly reduce the construction cost of local area public/personal service system. The recyclable End User RFID Device/Tag can reduce the payment and is more environmental.
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A Location-aware System using RFID and Mobile Devices for Art Museums
Conference Paper
Full-text available
  • Mar 2008
Emerging location-aware mobile technologies are being applied successfully in cultural environments. Different technologies, such as RFID, WiFi, and so on, are being applied to allow mobile devices interact with the environment. This paper describes a system based on both active and passive RFID which support the automatic positioning of mobile devices in art museums. This proposal results especially useful to provide location-aware information avoiding the need for users to manually select the desired information they want to see. This proposal has been successfully proved for the location and positioning of PDAs.
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Smart Parking Applications Using RFID Technology
Conference Paper
Full-text available
  • Oct 2007
There has been a considerable amount of reduction in transaction costs and decrease in stock shortage with the use of Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology in automation. Most of the RFID networks include a wide range of automation technologies. These technologies are RFID readers, RFID writers, RFID barcode scanners, RFID smart sensors and RFID controllers. In this study, a solution has been provided for the problems encountered in parking-lot management systems via RFID technology. RFID readers, RFID labels, computers, barriers and software are used as for the main components of the RFID technology. The software has been handled for the management, controlling, transaction reporting and operation tasks for parking lots located on various parts of the city. Check-ins and check-outs of the parking-lots will be under control with RFID readers, labels and barriers. Personnel costs will be reduced considerably using this technology. It will be possible to see unmanned, secure, automized parking-lots functioning with RFID technology in the future. Check-ins and check-outs will be handled in a fast manner without having to stop the cars so that traffic jam problem will be avoided during these processes. Drivers will not have to stop at the circulation points and parking tickets will be out of usage during check-ins and check-outs. It will be avoided ticket-jamming problems for the ticket processing machines as well. Vehicle owners will not have to make any payments at each check-out thus a faster traffic flow will be possible. Since there won't be any waiting during check-ins and check-outs the formation of emission gas as a result of such waiting will be avoided. An automized income tracking system, a car tracking system for charging and a central parking-car tracking system have been developed and utilized. Instead of cars' parking on streets, a more modern and a fast operating parking-lot system have been developed.
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Issues with RFID Usage in Ubiquitous Computing Applications
Conference Paper
Full-text available
  • Mar 2004
  • Lect Notes Comput Sci
Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) has recently received a lot of attention as an augmentation technology in the ubiquitous computing domain. In this paper we present various sources of error in passive RFID systems, which can make the reliable operation of RFID augmented applications a challenge. To illustrate these sources of error, we equipped playing cards with RFID tags and measured the performance of the RFID system during the different stages of a typical card game. The paper also shows how appropriate system design can help to deal with the imperfections associated with RFID.
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Low Frequency Passive RFID Transponder with Non-revivable Privacy Protection Circuit
Article
  • Apr 2006
A non-revivable Privacy Protection Circuit is proposed and designed in a low frequency passive Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) transponder. The main component of the non-revivable Privacy Protection Circuit is a poly fuse. The fuse acts as a switch and will be burn out when the function of transponder must be disabled. The broken fuse can not be repaired and prohibit the power required for the internal circuits. Thus, the transponder is non-revivable and personal privacy can be fully protected. The carrier frequency of this passive transponder is 125 kHz and the working voltage is 5V. Power and data are transmitted from a reader to the transponder by inductive coupling. The circuits in the transponder including rectifier, clock generator, sequencer, memory, and ASK modulator. The whole chip is designed and verified based on the 0.35 µm semiconductor process provided by the Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company.
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Embedded automatic parking management system based on RFID and existed gate system integration
Article
  • Jan 2008
In this paper, an Embedded Automatic Parking Management System (EAPMS) that integrates the existed gate system and RFID is proposed. This system includes Embedded Gate Hardware, Gate-PC Controller, RFID System, Parking Management Platform. Most systems in EAPMS are modulated and can be substituted for any other similar system or hardware. The proposed Parking Management Platform is independent of the operation system on PC and can be embedded in any other modulated parking system or hardware. The real test and verification proves that the proposed EMPAS can certainly reduce the total cost of RFID parking system infrastructure without re-modifying the existed hardware.
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Using of the Context in RFID Systems
  • Jan 2006
  • 64-70
  • J Choi
  • E Kim
J. Choi and E. Kim, "Using of the Context in RFID Systems", Comm. of the Korea Information Science Society, pp. 64-70, 2006.
Hoboken RFID-enables Its Parking Permits
  • Jun 2006
Hoboken RFID-enables Its Parking Permits, RFID Journal, June 2006, http://www.rfidjournal.com/article/article view/2421/1/1/