Michael G H Bell

The University of Sydney · Institute of Transport and Logistics Studies (ITLS)

This paper investigates the impacts of introducing autonomous vehicles (AVs) into an on-demand meal delivery system at a strategic level. The proposed model consists of (i) a microscopic physical model describing the delivery process for bundled orders and (ii) a macroscopic network equilibrium model characterizing the interactions among customers,...

This paper proposes an analytical framework for an on-demand meal delivery market that features order bundling and courier sharing among restaurants. The proposed model consists of (i) a physical model describing the delivery process with order bundling, and (ii) an aggregated market equilibrium model characterizing the demand and supply interactio...

In the container shipping sector, many shipping lines are investing in ports and terminals. Although the literature generally agrees that shipping lines can benefit financially from such vertical investments, there are conflicting views on the impacts on different stakeholders, with limited empirical evidence nor solid data analysis. In addition to...

Technological applications have increasingly improved the quality of services in the logistics industry. However, the adoption of internet-based technologies has increased the attack surface in the logistics environment. Such attacks could negatively impact both logistics and overall supply chain performance. This paper reviews studies on measures...

Automation and digitalisation in the logistics industry enhance the performance of customer service, while sabotage of the digital logistics network adversely deteriorates the performance. Although precautionary strategies are implemented to protect critical assets in the digital logistics network, a high-level adversary can still penetrate the net...

The 21st Century Maritime Silk Road (MSR) initiated by China involves the construction of a new form of regional economic cooperation between China and the associated countries. Priority is given to eliminating maritime bottlenecks and improving maritime connectivity in the shipping network along the MSR. However, such potential bottlenecks have ra...

In this study we provide a comprehensive review of the existing literature on (dis)aggregation and decomposition methods in traffic assignment and classify them based on their characteristics. The study takes on two different perspectives. First, we explore existing methods and relate them to one or more traffic assignment components. It is found t...

The methods to evaluate the robustness of a network have been extensively studied. Such methods often require obtaining traffic equilibrium conditions or solving mathematical problems, and these methods can only be applied to a network of limited size. On the other hand, nowadays detail road network data can be downloaded freely, and such data may...

Container shipping accounts for most of the world merchandise trade. Better maritime connectivity leads to lower freight rates and greater economic growth. This paper presents a novel max–min integer optimization model to facilitate better shipping network connectivity by analysing the largest eigenvalue and its corresponding eigenvector of the (as...

This paper presents a novel approach to assessing the cost of container liner shipping through the Northwest Passage (NWP) on northern local communities. Based on some representative communities, concerns of the residence of these Canadian Arctic regions were assessed. Two essential factors to the well-being of the community members—air pollution a...

Interest in cyber security in logistics and supply chain management has grown, but this has not been matched by academic research. Increasingly, the logistics industry is implementing the Internet-of-Things (IoT), namely sensors and actuators, to collect data, process orders and deliver materials and/or products. This automation reduces human error...

Maritime shipping necessitates flexible and cost-effective port access worldwide through the global shipping network. This paper presents an efficient method to identify major port communities, and analyses the network connectivity of the global shipping network based on community structure. The global shipping network is represented by a signless...

In this study, we apply a topologically distributed bounded rationality model to quantify the level of rationality in supply chain networks. We use the averaged Jensen-Shannon divergence values between Nash and Quantal Response equilibria for all inter-firm strategic interactions, which are represented as Prisoner’s Dilemma games, to characterise t...

Dynamic shared autonomous taxi (SAT) systems are regarded as a promising means of improving travel flexibility. With no human drivers, SATs urgently require precise traffic information in order to plan accurate paths independently; in addition, on-time arrival is an essential service quality in SAT systems. In this study, taxis are assumed to be re...

This paper proposes a novel method to address the ferry network design problem (FNDP). Ferry transport is an increasingly important component of public transport, providing mobility for people in large cities with harbours or rivers. It is therefore important that ferry networks are well designed. The connections between ferry stations and the loca...

This paper proposes a novel method to address the ferry network design problem (FNDP). Ferry transport is an increasingly important component of public transport, providing mobility for people in large cities with harbours or rivers. It is therefore important that ferry networks are well designed. The connections between ferry stations and the loca...

Empirical analyses of supply chain networks (SCNs) in extant literature have been rare due to scarcity of data. As a result, theoretical research have relied on arbitrary growth models to generate network topologies supposedly representative of real-world SCNs. Our study is aimed at filling the above gap by systematically analysing a set of manufac...

Shared autonomous taxi systems (SATS) are being regarded as a promising means of improving travel flexibility. Each shared autonomous taxi (SAT) requires very precise traffic information to independently and accurately select its route. In this study, taxis were replaced with ride-sharing autonomous vehicles, and the potential benefits of utilizing...

Due to the increasingly complex and interconnected nature of global supply chain networks (SCNs), a recent strand of research has applied network science methods to model SCN growth and subsequently analyse various topological features, such as robustness. This paper provides: (1) a comprehensive review of the methodologies adopted in literature fo...

A flexible and policy-oriented model based on the principle of entropy maximisation is proposed for locating competitive multiuser freight facilities in general and inland multi-user intermodal container terminals (IMTs) in particular in a context where multiple users have choices which include whether or not to use the facilities. The overall prob...

Port throughput is the aggregation of products handled in a port and depends on the performance of relevant interdependent industries. In depth understanding of the fluctuations of a port’s activities at the aggregate level requires a granular analysis at the disaggregate level. This becomes more critical in the case of containers since in general...

Due to the increasingly complex and interconnected nature of global supply chain networks (SCNs), a recent strand of research has applied network science methods to model SCN growth and subsequently analyse various topological features, such as robustness. This paper provides: (1) a comprehensive review of the methodologies adopted in literature fo...

An important problem confronting port cities is where and how to accommodate port growth. Larger ships combined with increased container throughput require more yard space and generate more traffic, straining the urban fabric in the vicinity of the port. A promising solution to this problem is the development of urban intermodal container terminals...

Transport networks operating at or near capacity are vulnerable to disruptions, so flow bottlenecks are potent sources of vulnerability. This paper presents an efficient method for finding transport network cuts, which may constitute such bottlenecks. Methods for assessing network vulnerability found in the literature require origin-destination dem...

This paper employs the principle of entropy maximisation to solve the multi-user intermodal terminal (IMT) location problem in a context where users have the option not to use an IMT. The proposed model is a non-linear mixed integer programming problem, which decomposes into an IMT location sub-problem and an IMT choice sub-problem linked in one di...

The importance of the liquefied-natural-gas (LNG) in global gas trade has grown steadily over the past decades; the article focuses on this significant form of energy and provides an exhaustive portrait of its trade. LNG trade flows both regionally and by country are described and the future of trade is forecast. Next, the business structure is dis...

The routing and scheduling for trucks and vans in an urban road network depends critically on the state of the road network. Trucks and vans impose significant costs on other road users and the environment, so improved routing and scheduling benefits more than just the logistics industry. However, small and medium size enterprises (SMEs) in the log...

Several growth models have been proposed in the literature for scale-free complex networks, with a range of fitness-based attachment models gaining prominence recently. However, the processes by which such fitness-based attachment behaviour can arise are less well understood, making it difficult to compare the relative merits of such models. This p...

The train operational plan (TOP) plays a crucial role in the efficient and effective operation of an urban rail system. We optimize the train operational plan in a special network layout, an urban rail corridor with one terminal yard, by decomposing it into two sub-problems, i.e., the train departure profile optimization and the rolling stock circu...

In this paper a novel solution algorithm is proposed for exactly solving simplified first order dynamic network loading (DNL) problems for any generalised network. This DNL solution algorithm, termed eLTM (event-based Link Transmission Model), is based on the seminal Lighthill-Witham-Richards (LWR) model, adopts a triangular fundamental diagram and...

The importance of liquefied natural gas (LNG) is rising as demand for it grows rapidly and steadily due to growth in energy demand, the transition to a low carbon economy and the longer distances over which natural gas is now traded. Given its importance, this work proposes an optimization model that assists to decide on when and where LNG should b...

This paper considers the maritime container assignment problem in a market setting with two competing firms. Given a series of known, exogenous demands for service between pairs of ports, each company is free to design liner services connecting a subset of the ports and demand, subject to the size of their fleets and the potential for profit. The m...

This paper presents a review and classification of traffic assignment models for strategic transport planning purposes by using concepts analogous to genetics in biology. Traffic assignment models share the same theoretical framework (DNA), but differ in capability (genes). We argue that all traffic assignment models can be described by three genes...

In this paper we focus on improving a recently proposed solution algorithm for simplified first order dynamic network loading models by Raadsen et al. (in press). Dynamic network loading models can be split into three main categories: Microscopic, Mesoscopic and Macroscopic (Peeta and Ziliaskopoulos, 2001). Microscopic models simulate vehicles indi...

Understanding how container routing stands to be impacted by different scenarios of liner shipping network perturbations such as natural disasters or new major infrastructure developments is of key importance for decision-making in the liner shipping industry. The variety of actors and processes within modern supply chains and the complexity of the...

Aggregation procedures are used in transport planning for various reasons, but predominantly to reduce computational cost. Often they are adopted as a separate step that is unrelated to the other components adopted. This assumption can compromise the effectiveness of such procedures. In this paper two novel spatial aggregation procedures are propos...

Shared space is an innovative streetscape design that seeks minimum separation between vehicle traffic and pedestrians. Urban design is moving toward space sharing as a means of increasing the community texture of street surroundings. Its unique features aim to balance priorities and allow cars and pedestrians to coexist harmoniously without the ne...

As of January 2015, the new maximum limit of fuel sulfur content for ships sailing within emission control areas has been reduced to 0.1%. A critical decision for ship owners in advance of the new limits was the selection of an abatement method that complies with the regulations. Two main options exist: investing in scrubber systems that remove sul...

Recent developments in the field of urban street design have seen the emergence of the concept of “shared space,” a term that refers to a range of streetscape treatments aiming at creating a better public realm by asserting the function of streets as places and designing more to a scale aimed at easier pedestrian movement and lower vehicle speeds....

This paper considers the maritime container assignment problem in a market setting with two competing firms. Given a series of known, exogenous demands for service between pairs of ports, each company is free to design a liner service network serving a subset of the ports and demand, subject to the size of their fleets and the potential for profit....

It is nowadays widely accepted that solving traffic congestion from the demand side is more important and more feasible than offering more capacity or facilities for transportation. Following a brief overview of evolution of the concept of Travel Demand Management, there is a discussion on the Travel Demand Management foundations that include deman...

The paper presents a route choice model for dynamic assignment in congested, i.e. overcrowded, transit networks where it is assumed that passengers are supported with real-time information on carrier arrivals at stops. If the stop layout is such that passenger congestion results in First-In-First-Out (FIFO) queues, a new formulation is devised for...

“Green ports and maritime logistics” has grown from an emerging topic to a significant research area. This paper aims to examine the past and present research on green ports and maritime logistics in order to identify established research streams and fertile research areas with potential for future investigations. Using rigorous bibliometric and ne...

Maritime shipping is regarded as the most efficient mode of transport; however, its contribution to climate change through greenhouse gas emissions and the health issues related to shipping activity near residential centers cannot be neglected. In recent years, the efforts of regulators, ship operators, and port authorities have led to actions for...

In this article, we present two new methods for the path-based logit stochastic user equilibrium problem, and investigate their convergence properties. First, a two-level partial linearization method is proposed. Second, a dual method is developed. Both of these two methods use second-order approximation of the objective function. Our novel methods...

Port operations and maritime logistics representmajor sources of air pollution. Given the recent greeninginitiatives and developments in this area and correspondingly a geometric growth in the number of academic publications, this chapter aims to (a) provide some statistics of the key journals, authors and institutions that have contributed to the...

In recent years slow steaming has resurfaced as a fuel saving measure allowing ship owners to significantly cut operational costs. Reduced fuel consumption leads to lower levels of greenhouse gases and pollutant emissions. Port authorities have considered offering incentives to ship operators that significantly reduce sailing speedin the port proxi...

This chapter introduces general issues and initiates the discussion on the role of green logistics and transportation in sustainability of supply chains. General overview issues relevant to greening the supply chain, logistics network and freight/public transportation are presented. The potential practical and research concerns that arise are the m...

The field of green supply chain management is rapidly growing and maturing. Significant room still existsfor development in the field including those identified in this book in the context of green logistics and transportation. In this chapter we briefly review some of the important directions for future research in three areas of (1) green logisti...

This paper describes the development and implementation of qualitative behavioural criteria in order to analyse the conduct of pedestrians and vehicles when they are required to interact with each other, with particular interest to street designs with elements of shared space. The new behavioural analysis technique is developed by identifying the f...

The promotion of space sharing in order to raise the quality of community living and safety of street surroundings is increasingly accepted feature of modern urban design. In this context, the development of a shared space simulation tool is essential in helping determine whether particular shared space schemes are suitable alternatives to traditio...

We propose the problem of profit-based container assignment (P-CA), in which the container shipment demand is dependent on the freight rate, similar to the “elastic demand” in the literature on urban transportation networks. The problem involves determining the optimal freight rates, the number of containers to transport and how to transport the co...

This book identifies and furthers the state of the art in green logistics and transportation with a supply chain focus. It includes discussions on concerns and linkages across policy, corporate strategy and operations, and inter-organizational relationships and practices. Separate sections are assigned to discuss issues related to greening of logis...

Shared space is an innovative approach to improve environments where both pedestrians and vehicles are present, with integrated layouts to balance priority. The Social Force Model (SFM) was used to visualise pedestrian and car trajectories so that peaks of density and pressure at critical locations are avoided. This paper extends the SFM to conside...

The motivation behind this paper is to enhance the reliability of in-vehicle navigation systems by predicting the duration of incidents that cause congestion. The main objective of this paper is to develop a methodology for predicting incident duration using broadcast incident data and evaluate the performance of k-NN and hazard-based duration mode...

Shared space is an innovative approach to improve environments where both pedestrians and vehicles are present, with integrated layouts to balance priority. The Social Force Model (SFM) was used to visualise pedestrian and car trajectories so that peaks of density and pressure at critical locations are avoided. This paper extends the SFM to conside...

Static traffic assignment models are still widely applied for strategic transport planning purposes in spite of the fact that such models produce implausible traffic flows that exceed link capacities and predict incorrect congestion locations. There have been numerous attempts to constrain link flows to capacity. Capacity constrained models with re...

The presence of enough bicycles and free docking points to satisfy user demands in stations is a known operational issue in bicycle-sharing schemes. Empty and full stations in such systems are equally undesirable and disruptive for the operation of the network, since the former turn away potential users while the latter could not be used to termina...

Editorial presents a review of all eleven original papers (and one book review) published in the current special issue on Travel Demand Management (TDM). This review is developed under five focus topics: traffic congestion charging; public transit or bicycles; traveller behaviour; travel plans; methodology.

In this paper we will present a novel solution algorithm for the Generalised Link Transmission Model (G-LTM). It will utilise a truly event based approach supporting the generation of exact results, unlike its time discretised counterparts. Furthermore, it can also be configured to yield approximate results, when this approach is adopted its comput...

This paper presents a theoretical framework to derive static, quasi-dynamic, and semi-dynamic traffic assignment models from a general first order dynamic traffic assignment model. By explicit derivation from a dynamic model, the resulting models maintain maximum consistency with dynamic models. Further, the derivations can be done with any fundame...

Different port operating policies have the potential to reduce emissions from shipping; however, their efficacy varies for different ports. This article extends existing literature to present a consistent and transferable methodology that examines emissions reduction port policies based on ship-call data. Carbon dioxide (CO2); sulphur dioxide (SO2)...

Introduction Existence and Uniqueness A General Equivalent Optimisation Problem Logit Assignment Probit Assignment Sensitivity Elastic Demand Space-Time Networks Discussion

Introduction Kinds of Variable Matrix Operations Objective Functions Constraints Optimality Conditions Dual Variables Lagrangian Equation Sensitivities Method of Successive Averages Iterative Balancing Summary Notation

Introduction Maximum Entropy A Generalised Least Squares BI-Level Programming Linear Path Flow Estimation Log-Linear Path Flow Estimation Time-Dependent Methods Conclusions

Introduction Objective Function BI-Level Programming Sensitivities Numerical Example Conclusions

Introduction Traffic Representation Link Costs Junction Costs Priority Junctions Signal Controlled Junctions Discussion

Urban design is moving towards space sharing in order to increase the community texture and safety of street surroundings. However, there is a need for a simulation tool capable of representing future shared space schemes to help judging the designs under which shared space design is a suitable alternative to traditional street designs. This paper...

This paper describes the development and implementation of qualitative behavioural criteria in order to analyse the conduct of pedestrians and vehicles when they are required to interact with each other, with particular interest to street designs with elements of shared space. The new behavioural analysis technique is developed by identifying the f...

A recently proposed frequency-based maritime container assignment model (Bell et al., 2011) seeks an assignment of full and empty containers to paths that minimises expected container travel time, whereas containers are in practice more likely to be assigned to minimise expected cost. A cost-based container assignment model is proposed here. It is...

This paper presents a new method for improving the on-time arrival reliability of deliveries. A dispatcher wishes to minimize the total expected travel time and determines a set of attractive links before the trip. Drivers choose between them en route on the basis of the traffic conditions that they observe on immediate successor links. Such a set...

Changes in pedestrian-vehicle traffic conflicts in urban streets redesigned according to the principles of shared space were investigated with a recently developed pedestrian vehicle conflict analysis (PVCA) method. In a first step, the PVCA method was revised to reflect more accurately the features of shared space; this revision included the defin...

This paper focuses on municipal solid waste generated in remote areas and examines alternative options for its treatment. Research concentrates in small Greek islands currently depending on open dumps for waste disposal. An economic analysis of the proposed practice by the Greek government is performed to define the exact costs per ton of waste. Th...

This paper presents a Dynamic User Equilibrium for bus networks where recurrent overcrowding results in First-In First-Out queues at stops and real-time information is provided, for example through countdown displays, on bus arrivals. The route choice model embedded in the dynamic assignment explicitly considers the common-line problem. As such the...

The concepts of optimal strategy and hyperpath were born within the framework of static frequency-based public transport assignment, where it is assumed that travel times and frequencies do not change over time and no overcrowding occurs. However, the formation of queues at public transport stops can prevent passengers from boarding the first vehic...

This paper aims to estimate capacity utilization of a liner ship route with a bounded polyhedral container shipment demand pattern, arising in the liner container shipping industry. The proposed maximum and minimum liner ship route capacity utilization problems are formulated as a linear programming model and a min–max model, respectively. We exami...

Areas subject to natural or man-made disasters, such as earthquakes, fires, floods or attacks, are reliant on the residual transport network for the rescue of survivors and subsequent recovery. Pre-disaster planning requires assumptions about how the transport network may degrade. This paper presents a game theoretic approach modelling network degr...