Mercedes Scandiani

Rosario National University | UNR · Centro de Referencia de Micología (CEREMIC)

Abstract Cercospora leaf blight (CLB) and purple seed stain (PSS) are major diseases of soybean responsible for significant yield loss. These diseases are caused by Cercospora species, such as C. kikuchii and C. cf. flagellaris, among the main species. These pathogens overwinter in infested debris and infected seed. Due to the combination of no-til...

The increase in food production requires reduction of the damage caused by plant pathogens, minimizing the environmental impact of management practices. Soil‐borne pathogens are among the most relevant pathogens that affect soybean crop yield. Soybean sudden death syndrome (SDS), caused by several distinct species of Fusarium, produces significant...

Scientific communication is facilitated by a data-driven, scientifically sound taxonomy that considers the end-user's needs and established successful practice. Previously (Geiser et al. 2013; Phytopathology 103:400-408. 2013), the Fusarium community voiced near unanimous support for a concept of Fusarium that represented a clade comprising all agr...

Sudden death syndrome (SDS) of soybean is a fungal disease caused by at least four distinct Fusarium species: F. tucumaniae, F. virguliforme, F. brasiliense, and F. crassistipitatum. All four species are present in Argentina. These fungi are soilborne pathogens that only colonize roots and cause root necrosis. However, damage also reaches the above...

Background: The emergence of azole resistance in non-fumigatus Aspergillus strains is on the raise. Objectives: To study the susceptibility profiles and the molecular mechanisms of azole-resistance of environmental and clinical strains of Aspergillus flavus from Argentina. Methods: Thirty-five A. flavus isolates (18 from soybean seeds and chic...

Soybean sudden death syndrome (SDS) is a fungal disease caused by members of clade 2 of the Fusarium solani species complex (FSSC). These fungi are soilborne pathogens that infect soybean plants through the roots and produce toxins that translocate to aerial parts of the plant, inducing foliar chlorosis and necrosis followed by premature defoliatio...

Cercospora species cause cercospora leaf blight (CLB) and purple seed stain (PSS) on soybean. Because there are few resistant soybean varieties available, CLB/PSS management relies heavily upon fungicide applications. Sensitivity of 62 Argentinian Cercospora isolates to demethylation inhibitor (DMI), methyl benzimidazole carbamate (MBC), quinone ou...

Cercospora leaf blight (CLB) of soybean was believed to be caused only by Cercospora kikuchii worldwide. However, recent studies that include molecular phylogenetic analyses reveal that several cryptic species within Cercospora are associated with the disease. In a previous study, following a survey of commercial soybean fields in Santa Cruz, Boliv...

Cercospora kikuchii (Tak. Matsumoto & Tomoy.) M.W. Gardner 1927 is an ascomycete fungal pathogen that causes Cercospora leaf blight and purple seed stain on soybean. Here, we report the first draft genome sequence and assembly of this pathogen. The C. kikuchii strain ARG_18_001 was isolated from soybean purple seed collected from San Pedro, Buenos...

Palabras claves: MOR, fungicidas, Cercospora sojina, resistencia Cercospora sojina ocasiona la mancha ojo de rana (MOR) en el cultivo de soja, enfermedad de comportamiento policíclico de gran importancia debido a los daños que ocasiona y su forma de aparición explosiva (Carmona et al., 2010, Carmona 2014). Se detectó por primera vez en Argentina en...

Seed health is one of the most important factors affecting the quality of chickpea (Cicer arietinum) seeds. The present study aimed to compare and identify the best incubation methods for detecting Ascochyta rabiei associated with chickpea seeds. Four protocols were compared for their sensitivity in detecting A. rabiei: T1) Incubation on paper subs...

During the summer of 2017, 38 Cercospora spp. isolates were collected from soybean leaves displaying symptoms of Cercospora leaf blight (CLB) from commercial soybean fields at three locations in Santa Cruz, Bolivia. Portions of cytochrome b (N = 38) and calmodulin (N = 37) were amplified, sequenced, edited, and assembled. Two representative isolate...

Frogeye leaf spot (FLS) of soybean caused by Cercospora sojina Hara is an important disease in the Argentine Pampas region. The primary inoculum sources of the disease are infected seeds and plant debris. Thus, use of pathogen-free or fungicide-treated seeds is crucial to prevent the introduction and further spread of the disease. The aims of this...

Cercospora leaf blight (CLB; Cercospora spp.) is a late-season soybean disease of economic importance in Argentina and southern United States. Epidemiological characterization of CLB is central to its control and management, yet temporal progress of CLB remains poorly understood, in part, due to lack of objective methods to assess the disease folia...

Cercospora leaf blight (CLB; Cercospora spp.) is a major soybean disease in Argentina and southern United States. Methods to quantify and monitor CLB intensity in the field remain subjective, thus there is need for practical and objective systems that can be used reliably in CLB quantitative studies. We have developed an on-plant-canopy system to m...

Abstract. Soybean root and stem rots caused by soil-borne pathogens are diseases commonly found in soybean fields, and one of the most important causes of crop losses. In the present study, the mycelial sensitivity of Fusarium virguliforme, F. tucumaniae, Sclerotin-ia sclerotiorum and Macrophomina phaseolina was evaluated on potato dextrose agar me...

Late season diseases cause yield reductions to soybean grown worldwide. In Argentina, fungicide mixtures composed of quinone outside inhibitors (QoIs) and demethylation inhibitors (DMIs), and the newly introduced succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors (SDHIs), have been effective in managing these diseases.Nevertheless, the risk of selecting strains wi...

The aim of the present study was to evaluate indigenous PGPR (Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria) previously isolated from Argentina's soybean fields for their in vitro antagonistic effects on the control of Fusarium tucumaniae and F. virguliforme, in two separated in vitro assays. In assay 1, the bacteria that showed the highest significant (P <...

Soybean (Glycine max L.) is the most important crop in Argentina. At present Fusarium graminearum is recognized as a primary pathogen of soybean in several countries in the Americas, mainly causing seed and root rot and pre- and post-emergence damping-off. However, no information about infections at later growth stages of soybean development and pa...

El síndrome de la muerte súbita (SMS) de la soja (Glycine max) puede ser causado por cuatro especies de Fusarium, F. tucumaniae, F. brasiliense y F. crassistipitatum (Argentina y Brasil) y F. virguliforme (Argentina, Brasil, Canadá, Sudáfrica y USA). Estas especies comparten el Clado 2 dentro del complejo Fusarium solani con F. azukicola, F. cuneir...

Soybean is the most important crop in Argentina, and it can be severely affected by different sudden death syndrome Fusarium causing species. The dominant specie is F. tucumaniae (Ft), followed by F. virguliforme (Fv). These pathogens infect soybean roots early after planting and seed treatments with fungicides or antagonistic organisms would be a...

Barley and wheat represent the most important alternatives for agriculture in winter in Argentina. Bipolaris sorokiniana (Bs), Drechslera spp. and Fusarium graminearum (Fg) survive in seeds and cause foliar or root diseases. Trichoderma spp. has been widely used to control diseases caused by soilborne pathogens. In the present study, the previously...

Cell-free toxic culture filtrates from Fusarium virguliforme, the causal fungus of soybean sudden death syndrome (SDS), cause foliar symptoms on soybean stem cuttings similar to those obtained from root inoculations in whole plants and those observed in production fields. The objectives of this study were to (i) optimize the production conditions f...

Soybean germplasm exhibits various levels of resistance to Fusarium tucumaniae, the main causal agent of sudden death syndrome (SDS) of soybean in Argentina. In this study, two soybean genotypes, one susceptible (NA 4613) and one partially resistant (DM 4670) to SDS infection, were inoculated with F. tucumaniae. Disease symptoms were scored at 7, 1...

PODREDUMBRE DE SEMILLAS Y MUERTE DE PLANTAS DE SOJA M. Scandiani1,2 1Rizobacter Argentina S.A., 2CEREMIC-UNR E-mail: mscandiani@rizobacter.com.ar Las plantas de soja son susceptibles a las podredumbres radiculares, causadas por patógenos que habitan el suelo. La pérdida de plántulas en estados tempranos origina lotes desuniformes y puede, en cas...

Fusarium tucumaniae is the only known sexually reproducing species among the seven closely related fusaria that cause soybean sudden death syndrome (SDS) or bean root rot (BRR). To assess the reproductive mode of the other SDS/BRR fusaria, and their potential for mating, whole-genome sequences of two SDS and one BRR pathogen were analyzed to charac...

The fungus Ramularia collo-cygni B. Sutton & J. M. Waller (Rcc) was identified as the causal agent of this emerging disease on barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) based on symptoms and signs on leaves and attributes of the fungus. The common name given to the disease was "necrotic sprinkling." This disease was found for the first time on barley in fields o...

The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of agricultural intensification on soil microbial diversity, chemical and physical parameters, and the decrease of the incidence of sudden death syndrome (Fusarium crassistipitatum) and charcoal rot (Macrophomina phaseolina) in soybean. Soils under different management systems were evaluated du...

Soybean (Glycine max L.) is one of the main crops in Argentina. Most of the studies of pathogenicity in the Fusarium graminearum complex have focused on strains isolated from wheat and maize, and there is little information on strains isolated from soybean. Our objective in the present study was to compare the pathogenicity among soybean isolates o...

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Dr. Mercedes Scandiani Plant Pathologist, Argentina Overview of soybean root diseases in Argentina Soybean is the most important crop in Argentina, with a planted area of about 20 million hectares in 2012/13. The major soybean root diseases are caused by soilborne pathogens; fungi and oomycetes. They have frequently been reported as causing dampin...

Fusarium tucumaniae is the primary causal agent of sudden death syndrome (SDS) of soybean in Argentina. It is a soil-borne pathogen that causes root rot followed by the development of foliar symptoms, causing yield losses. Early infections, occurring at the seed stage, produced foliar symptoms and higher root rot severity, when compared to later in...

METABOLOMIC STUDIES FOR THE INTERACTION Glycine max-Fusarium tucumaniae M. Mercedes SCANDIANI1,2, Alicia LUQUE2, Kerry O´DONNELL3, Takayuki AOKI4, Claudia SPAMPINATO5, Gerardo CERVIGNI5 1Laboratorio.Agrícola Río Paraná, Ruiz Moreno 225, San Pedro, 2930, Argentina, 2CEREMIC, Rosario, 2000, Argentina, 3Microbial Genomics and Bioprocessing Research U...

Soybean is the most important oilseed crop in Argentina. The wide distribution of monoculture associated with no-tillage techniques has contributed to increased damage caused by diseases. Annual occurrence of foliar diseases such as brown spot (Septoria glycines) and leaf blight (Cercospora kikuchii) depend on favourable environmental conditions an...

Soybean (Glycine max L.) Merrill is the most important and widespread oil crop in Argentina. After soybean rust (Phakopsora pachyrhizi Sydow & Sydow) epidemics, many farmers adopted foliar fungicides applications. Damages caused by late season diseases (LSD) have increased by soybean monoculture under no-till. LSD pathogens such as Septoria glycine...

In this letter, we advocate recognizing the genus Fusarium as the sole name for a group that includes virtually all Fusarium species of importance in plant pathology, mycotoxicology, medicine and basic research. This phylogenetically-guided circumscription will free scientists from any obligation to use other genus names, including teleomorphs, for...

La podredumbre carbonosa del cultivo de soja (Glycine max L.) Merr. causada por Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid., un hongo habitante del suelo, puede afectar a más de 500 especies vegetales. Su presencia suele estar asociada a períodos prolongados de sequía y altas temperaturas. El uso de cultivares resistentes es el método preferencial de con...

The main objectives of this work were to isolate and identify the causal agents of sudden death syndrome (SDS) from samples collected in different Argentinean localities, to quantify its incidence, and to estimate yield losses. Two hundred and fifteen roots from plants with typical SDS foliar symptoms were analyzed. In order to perform pathogenicit...

During the growing seasons of 2008 to 2009 and 2009 to 2010, severe outbreaks of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) frogeye leaf spot, a disease caused by Cercospora sojina Hara, occurred in several areas in Argentina (1). Two surveys were conducted in soybean fields, one in 2008 that included the provinces of Buenos Aires, Córdoba, and Santa Fe, and...

Assessment of biological control of Cercospora sojina, causal agent of frogeye leaf spot (FLS) of soya bean, using three indigenous bacterial strains, BNM297 (Pseudomonas fluorescens), BNM340 and BNM122 (Bacillus amyloliquefaciens). From cultures of each bacterial strain, cell suspensions and cell-free supernatants were obtained and assayed to dete...

In November 2011, lesions similar to those reported for Ascochyta blight (1) were observed on Cicer arietinum L. (chickpea) plants growing in three commercial fields located at Río Primero and Río Segundo (Cordoba Province) and Lobería (Buenos Aires Province), Argentina. Disease incidence (percentage of plants affected) was 100% in all fields surve...

A novel soybean sudden death syndrome (SDS) pathogen from Argentina and Brazil is formally described herein as Fusarium crassistipitatum based on detailed phenotypic analyses of macro- and microscopic characters and phylogenetic analyses of multilocus DNA sequence data. Fusarium crassistipitatum can be distinguished from the other soybean SDS and b...

We report on the phenotypic, molecular phylogenetic and pathogenic characterization of a novel azuki bean (Vigna angularis) root-rot (BRR) pathogen from Hokkaido, Japan, which formally is described herein as Fusarium azukicola. This species can be distinguished phenotypically from the other Phaseolus/Vigna BRR and soybean sudden-death syndrome (SDS...

A novel soybean sudden death syndrome (SDS) pathogen from Argentina and Brazil is formally described herein as Fusarium crassistipitatum based on detailed phenotypic analyses of macro- and microscopic characters and phylogenetic analyses of multilocus DNA sequence data. Fusarium crassistipitatum can be distinguished from the other soybean SDS and b...

SITUACIÓN ACTUAL DEL SÍNDROME DE LA MUERTE SÚBITA DE LA SOJA Disertación Congreso Mercosoja 2011.Mercosur Soybean Fifth Conference, Asia-Mercosur First Forum. September 14-16, Rosario. Argentina. MM Scandiani Laboratorio Río Paraná, San Pedro, Bs. As. Centro de Referencia de Micología (CEREMIC), Fac. de Cs. Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, UNR. labag...

Fusarium tucumaniae and F. virguliforme are the primary etiological agents of sudden-death syndrome (SDS) of soybean in Argentina and the United States, respectively. Five isolates of F. tucumaniae and four isolates of F. virguliforme were tested for relative aggressiveness to soybean, using a toothpick inoculation method and two versions of a soil...

Based on the precedent discovery of a weak antifungal indole isolated from Aporpium caryae, which increased its ac-tivity when changing the N-alkyl chain, nineteen N-alkyl indoles, with alkyl chains from one to ten carbons and one or two hydroxyls, one amine or bromine functional groups, were prepared and fully characterized by spectroscopic meth-o...

Of the four fusaria that have been shown to cause soybean sudden death syndrome (SDS), field surveys indicate that Fusarium tucumaniae is the most important and genetically diverse SDS pathogen in Argentina. Although none of the SDS fusaria have been shown to produce perithecia in nature, a heterothallic sexual cycle has been demonstrated for F. tu...

"En los casos que se detecte Cercospora sojina en semillas, se recomienda tratarlas con un fungicida curasemilla que contenga entre sus principios activos un bencimidazol (carbendazim, metiltiofanato, tiabendazol)", destacaron los expertos. Adicionalmente, señalaron que dicha recomendación resulta más importante en sitios donde la semilla infectada...

Sudden death syndrome (SDS) of soybean has become a serious constraint to the production of this crop in North and South America. Phenotypic and multilocus molecular phylogenetic analyses, as well as pathogenicity experiments, have demonstrated that four morphologically and phylogenetically distinct fusaria can induce soybean SDS. Published molecul...

Frogeye leaf spot of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) caused by Cercospora sojina Hara was reported to be severe from 1998 to 1999 in northwest Argentina (2). Although the disease was detected at low prevalence (5 to 25%), incidence, and severity in the Pampean Region from 2005 to 2008, no severe outbreaks have been recorded in the provinces of Cor...

VIII Conferencia Mundial de Soja (World Soybean Research Conference VIII), 10-15 de agosto de 2009. Beijing. China. COMPARISON OF HYPOCOTYLS INOCULATION TECHNIQUES OF Phytophthora sojae Mercedes Scandiani1,2; Mónica Ferri1; Delma Ruberti1; Alicia Luque2 1. Laboratorio.Agrícola Río Paraná, San Pedro, Argentina 2. CEREMIC, Rosario, Argentina labag...

The Diaporthe/Phomopsis complex is a pathogenic group of soybean that include Diaporthe phaseolorum var. meridionalis Fernández (DPM) and D. phaseolorum var. caulivora K.L. Athow and R.M. Caldwell (DPC), both causal agents of soybean stem canker. The objective of this work was to evaluate the reaction of soybean cultivars to different isolates of D...

We investigated the sexual reproductive mode of the two most important etiological agents of soybean sudden death syndrome, Fusarium tucumaniae and Fusarium virguliforme. F. tucumaniae sexual crosses often were highly fertile, making it possible to assign mating type and assess female fertility in 24 South American isolates. These crosses produced...

Palabras claves: Soja – Síndrome de la muerte repentina -Pérdidas INTRODUCCIÓN El síndrome de la muerte repentina (SMR) es una enfermedad de la soja causada en Argentina por al menos dos especies de Fusarium: F. tucumaniae y F. virguliforme (Syn. F. solani f. sp. glycines (Scandiani et al.,2004)). Fue detectada en Argentina por primera vez en culti...

Soybean sudden death syndrome (SDS) pathogens and dry bean root-rot pathogens were studied taxonomically, phylogenetically, and pathologically. Detailed phenotypic comparisons of macro- and microscopic features and phylogenetic analyses of multilocus DNA sequence data, including those on the nuclear ribosomal intergenic spacer region and the single...

Sudden death syndrome (SDS) of soybean was detected initially in Argentina during 1991-1992 in the Pampas Region and 1992-1993 in the Northwest Region. The first report of the fulfillment of Koch's postulates of SDS caused by Fusarium solani f. sp. glycines in Argentina was published in 2003 (3). Subsequently, analyses have shown that F. solani f....

Foliage symptoms on soybean resembling those of sudden death syndrome were detected in Argentina during 1991 and 1992 in the Pampas Region and during 1992 and 1993 in the Northwest Region. Isolations were made in 1999, 2000, and 2001 from soybean plants (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) showing these symptoms. Five isolates of fungi obtained from taproot ti...