Tüm Vücut Titreşim Egzersiz Modalitesi: Hormonal Cevap Paradigması / Whole Body Vibration Exercise Modality: Hormonal Response Paradigm
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The use of whole-body vibration (WBV) for therapeutic purposes is far from being standardized and an empirical foundation for reporting guidelines for human WBV studies has only very recently been published. Controversies about safety and therapeutic dosage still exist. The present study aimed to investigate the metabolic and mechanical effects of low-intensity WBV according to the ISO 2631 norm on subjects with obesity. Forty-one obese subjects (BMI ≥ 35 kg/m2) were recruited to participate in a 3-week multidisciplinary inpatient rehabilitation program including fitness training and WBV training. During WBV the posture was monitored with an optoelectronic system with six infrared cameras (Vicon, Vicon Motion System, Oxford, UK). The primary endpoints were: variation in body composition, factors of metabolic syndrome, functional activity (sit-to-stand and 6-min walking test), muscle strength, and quality of life. The secondary endpoints were: modification of irisin, testosterone, growth hormone, IGF1 levels. We observed significant changes in salivary irisin levels, Group 2 (p < 0.01) as compared to the control group, while muscle strength, function, and other metabolic and hormonal factors did not change after a 3-week low-intensity WBV training with respect to the control group. Future studies are needed to further investigate the potential metabolic effect of low-intensity WBV in managing weight.
Exercise has been proposed to increase serum testosterone concentrations. The analysis of existing literature demonstrates a large degree of variability in hormonal changes during exercise. In our manuscript, we summarized and reviewed the literature, and concluded that this variability can be explained by the effect of numerous factors, such as (a) the use of different types of exercise (e.g., endurance vs. resistance); (b) training intensity and/or duration of resting periods; (c) study populations (e.g., young vs. elderly; lean vs. obese; sedentary vs. athletes); and (d) the time point when serum testosterone was measured (e.g., during or immediately after vs. several minutes or hours after the exercise). Although exercise increases plasma testosterone concentrations, this effect depends on many factors, including the aforementioned ones. Future studies should focus on clarifying the metabolic and molecular mechanisms whereby exercise may affect serum testosterone concentrations in the short and long-terms, and furthermore, how this affects downstream mechanisms.
Objective. We aimed to investigate the acute residual hormonal, biochemical, and neuromuscular responses to a single session of individualized whole-body vibration (WBV) while maintaining a half-squat position. Methods. Twenty male sport science students voluntarily participated in the present study and were randomly assigned to an individualized WBV group (with the acceleration load determined for each participant) or an isometric group (ISOM). A double-blind, controlled parallel study design with repeated measures was employed. Results. Testosterone and growth hormone increased significantly over time in the WBV group ( P < .05 and P < .01, respectively; effect size [ES] ranged from 1.00 to 1.23), whereas cortisol increased over time in both groups ( P < .01; ES ranged from 1.04 and 1.36). Interleukin-6 and creatine kinase increased significantly over time only in the WBV group ( P < .05; ES = 1.07). The maximal voluntary contraction decreased significantly over time in the ISOM group ( P = .019; ES = 0.42), whereas in the WBV group, the decrease did not reach a significant level ( P = .05). The ratio of electromyographic activity and power decreased significantly over time in the WBV group ( P < .01; ES ranged from 0.57 to 0.72). Conclusion. Individualized WBV increased serum hormonal concentrations, muscle damage, and inflammation to levels similar to those induced by resistance training and hypertrophy exercises.
Musculoskeletal and neuromotor fitness (MSMF) is reduced in obesity. Physical exercise (including whole-body vibration exercise [WBVE]) is reported to improve components related to MSMF. The aim of the study is to evaluate the acute effects of WBVE and maximal voluntary contraction (MVC), alone and in combination, on the cardiorespiratory and MSMF in obese adolescents. Eight obese adolescents performed 3 tests (WBVE, MVC, and MVC þ WBVE) in different days and randomly. The outcome measures were diastolic blood pressure (DBP), systolic blood pressure (SBP), mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO 2), handgrip strength (HS), one-leg standing balance (OLSB) test, sit-and-reach (SR) test, stair climbing test (time: T SCT and power: P SCT), and sit-to-stand test (time: T STS and power: P STS). No significant changes were observed in SBP, DBP, MAP, and SpO 2 after the 3 tests, only an HR increase being observed after MVC þ WBVE (P < .01) and MVC alone (P < .05). No significant differences were found in HS, OLSB, T STS , and P STS after the 3 different sessions. An increase in SR was found after MVC þ WBVE, MVC, and WBVE (P < .01, P < .05, and P < .01, respectively), while a decrease in T SCT (P < .01) and an increase in P SCT were observed only after WBVE (P < .01). Taking into account the positive WBVE effects on cardiorespiratory and MSMF, WBVE might represent a nonimpact, viable, and safe exercise suitable for obese patients, which need MSMF improvement without overloading joints.
This study aimed to investigate the effects of whole-body vibration (WBV) at a frequency spectrum from 20 to 50 Hz on the Hoffmann (H) reflex and the voluntary motor output of ankle plantar-flexor muscles. A single-group (n: 8), repeated measures design was adopted with four conditions: standing (no vibration), 20, 35 and 50 Hz, each lasting one minute. H-reflex of the soleus muscle, maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) and central activation ratio (CAR) of the plantar-flexors were evaluated before, 1 and 5 min after each frequency condition. H-reflex decreased by 36.7% at 20 Hz, by 28% at 35 Hz, and by 34.8% at 50 Hz after one minute from WBV compared to baseline. Neither MVC nor CAR changed after WBV at all frequency conditions. The short-term, acute inhibition of the H-reflex after WBV at 20, 35 and 50 Hz suggested that decreased excitability of spinal motoneurons is not frequency dependent. On the other hand, the lack of vibration induced effects on MVC and CAR indicated that a 1-min WBV stimulus is not sufficient to affect the voluntary motor output.
Mechanical vibrations, largely employed in sports training and clinical practice, are reported to exert stimulatory/inhibitory effects on several hormonal secretions. To date, the mechanisms underlying the effects of vibrations on the endocrine system require to be still clarified. The discordant findings in the literature are probably due to several confounding factors, such as the lack of consistent control conditions, heterogeneous study groups, and different experimental conditions (frequency, peak-to-peak displacement, peak acceleration, work time, rest time, periodicity per week, the number of bouts in a session, number of sessions, acute or cumulative effects, type of the vibrating platform or vibratory devices, posture of the individual on the platform, the time of blood samplings, etc.). The present chapter is aimed to analyze and discuss the main data from the literature on this topic, underlying also the need to understand the mechanisms responsible for the vibrations-dependent effects on the hormonal secretions in a better way. In this respect, further additional studies performed in well-standardized experimental conditions are requested.
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It is well known that exercise is effective in overcoming obesity. Recent studies have focused on various types of exercise in which vibration exercise was involved. In this study, we investigated the effect of whole body vibration (WBV) exercise using the bed-type vibrator through pre-post data analysis. Twenty participants were carefully recruited and were treated on a vibrating bed with an automatic program developed by integration of 1-8 steps for 1 hr maintaining the 40°C of bed temperature. Blood pressure, body mass indices (BMI), hematological indices, oxidative stress-related markers, cytokines, and obesity-related biomarkers such as adiponectin, resistin and irisin were measured. Results showed that diastolic blood pressure was significantly lowered after 1 hr of WBV treatment (p < 0.05). In lipid tests, total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were decreased (p < 0.01, respectively). Oxidative stress-related markers such as reactive oxygen species (p < 0.05), nitric oxide (p < 0.05) and glutathione peroxidase (p < 0.01) were significantly increased. Interleukin (IL)-10, and tumor necrosis factor-α were significantly decreased and IL-6 and interferon (INF)-γ also showed decreasing trend. Adiponectin involved in insulin sensitivity was increased and resistin involved in insulin resistance decreased, but there were no significance. In addition, irisin levels were significantly decreased after the WBV exercise. In conclusion, the bed-type of WBV exercise reduced the blood pressure and cholesterol, and showed favorable response to obesity biomarkers. Also, oxidative stress level was increased but relatively stable and not severe, and inflammation and allergic reaction were not observed. Thus, the application of bed-type WBV exercise 2 can be a safe and effective alternative for the improvement of obesity.
