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Design and Implementation of Intelligent Dustbin
with Garbage Gas Detection for Hygienic
Environment based on IoT
Marzia Ahmed1,2,*, Rony Shaha1, Kaushik Sarker1, Rifat Bin Mahi3, and Mohammod Abul Kashem4
1Department of Software Engineering, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
2Faculty of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Pahang-26600, Malaysia
3Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
4Department of Computer Science and Engineering, DUET, Gazipur, Bangladesh
1*Email: ahmed.marzia32@gmail.com
Abstract—Rapid population expansion necessitated increased
resource use in everyday living. As a result, the pace of trash gen-
eration has increased dramatically, affecting the environment’s
hygiene system and other health concerns. Waste overflows in
public spaces, and improved management is necessary. The
purpose of this study is to develop a model of an intelligent
trashcan for usage in smart cities. Additionally, to identify
dangerous gases emitted by dustbins for subsequent management
operations, as well as to monitor the amount of trash in the
waste bin and warn the municipality through SMS. This system
includes two ultrasonic sonar sensors for measuring trash level,
a GSM module for sending SMS, three gas sensors for detecting
harmful garbage gas, an infrared sensor for counting garbage
droplets, and an Arduino Uno for managing all activities. The
system notifies you whether the bin is full or empty and can
also be controlled by voice command. Additionally, released gas
may be monitored to determine the severity of the impairment
and to notify the appropriate authorities. Most significantly, it
will identify a failed trash drop in the bin and alert the user
through alarm for truly considering the reduction of spilled
garbage surrounding bins while using the system.
Index Terms—Ultrasonic Sonar Sensor, Arduino-UNO, Gas
Sensor, GSM Module, Blynk
I. INTRODUCTION
Garbage management has become a major concern in a
culture where waste is often overlooked and disregarded. This
scenario deteriorates more as the global population increases
and waste management practises deteriorate. As with many
other issues, pollution is quickly increasing. One of the pri-
mary reasons for its establishment is the inept management
of waste materials. Finally, after visiting many government
medical institutions during the COVID-19 epidemic, we were
astounded to see the waste management system’s mishandling.
We read many publications and papers with strong citations
that are relevant to our job and study field. Sharma et al.
introduce us to the manifestation of the smart bin for smart
cities in this review (2015). Without modification, this article
Identify applicable funding agency here. If none, delete this.
likewise places a high premium on a smart management
system. As the pace of urbanisation has increased significantly
over the past several decades and years, so has the need for
an intelligent and appropriate waste management system for
a full city. As a smart bin system is needed, the process is
as follows. Sensors are installed in smart bins that are linked
through a mobile network. As a consequence, the project is
a tiny but worthwhile endeavour for the foreseeable future.
As urbanisation continues to increase, this approach may be
a more effective way to maintain our planet safe and sound
[1]. Mohd et al. (2016) conducted an empirical study on the
negative impact of rubbish heaps in Malaysian cities, focusing
on individuals who live in flats and areas with a limited
number of bins, from 2008 to 2014. The trash monitoring
system is intelligently led and alerts the organisation in real
time through SMS. The technological components include an
ultrasonic sensor, a GSM module, and an Arduino Uno for
controlling the system’s functionalities [2]. In another area of
research, Ramson and Moni (2016) expose us to a smart bin
system based on WSNs (wireless sensor networks). Each bin
has a central node called a WMU (wireless monitoring unit).
Sensors located inside the WMU provide data to the WAPU
(wireless access point unit). Finally, WAPU transmits the data
to the monitoring system, which then utilises the bin [3].
Similarly, K.N.F et al. (2017) employ a green and sus-
tainable environment trash and waste management system
to monitor waste levels and inform municipalities in real
time. Additionally, this system is controlled and guided by
an Ultrasonic sensor that measures the trash level and an
ARM microcontroller. The LCD displays four different forms
of garbage: domestic waste, paper, glass, and plastic. Finally,
the whole effort predicts that the Internet-of-Things will be
very successful in the future in keeping the environment nice
and clean [4].
Pardini et al. (2018) write a paper emphasising the need
of a solid waste management system. This job also involves
municipal regions, since metropolitan areas have a high rate
of mismanagement. To protect cities from the damage caused
by improper garbage management. Among the technological
components of the linked works are an ultrasonic sensor and
a load sensor. GSM and GPRS (General Packet Radio Ser-
vice for communication). Finally, GPS-based location tracking
(Global positioning system). As a consequence, citizens get a
more efficient method of waste collection and assistance from
the team through a predetermined path [5].
Another paper in (2018) by Murugaanandam et al. in-
troduced us to a similar category of IoT-based smart bins
for environmental stewardship. We dispose of several forms
of garbage in contemporary life, including sewage waste,
home waste, and industrial waste. The primary objective of
this endeavour is to place a trashcan on every corner of
the street, using IoT to keep the environment clean. MSC
primarily makes use of IoT (Internet of Things) (Modern
System cities). The technical components are identical to those
described in another article. In general, IoT equipment consists
of sensors, detectors, and actuators that are integrated into the
IS (intelligent system). In general, the suggested task is quite
efficient and is automated [6].
Suba Rani AP et al. (2019) demonstrate a waste manage-
ment system that makes use of smart bins. This essay is
centred on the concept of shared and IoT-based smart cities
and trash management systems. The primary challenge is
collecting rubbish from various areas. As with smart cities,
garbage comes in a variety of forms, including industrial,
domestic, and biodegradable. Additionally, in the lack of
adequate data and manpower, 85 percent of corporate funds
are spent on garbage collection. An ultrasonic sensor and a
temperature sensor are used in the suggested work. When a
cellular network is linked to the truck driver, the driver receives
an alert for the specific bin. As a consequence, the whole task
may be completed more efficiently and with less labour, as
well as in less time [7].
Similarly, Fataniya et al. (2019) developed an IoT-based
garbage segregation and collecting system. Today in the globe,
the majority of countries oppose to waste segregation and the
adoption of dustbins. Technically, this work is comparable to
that of an Internet of Things-based system. As was previously
the case, a mobile network is included. The GSM module
acts as a microcontroller, and the SMS is routed to the
specified destination. Finally, waste management personnel
would collect the garbage. Complete in all sections of this
document, the bin has been designed to provide solid waste
segregation, hence reducing pollution and safeguarding our
environment [8].
This research released an essay on waste management and
waste collecting systems that is comparable. Three sensors
linked to the bin facilitate the project’s operation. Which can
provide more precise statistics and information. Additionally,
GPS and GSM modules are incorporated in addition to the
Wi-Fi. Technically, this equipment is utilised in the same way
as standard bins. A microcontroller based on the Arduino
platform is used. The article’s overall focus is on cost-effective
energy efficiency and human resource conservation [9].
Now, let’s look at some new and updated works and projects
completed in recent years (2020). To begin, as the corona
epidemic continues in 2020, these papers will aid in the
acceleration of our research and provide us with information
regarding smart waste management systems in other locations.
Pardini et al. (2020) emphasised the need of an Internet of
Things-based trash management system and imparted a solu-
tion citizen. Additionally, this initiative provides residents with
real-time information. And, as the industrial revolution does on
a worldwide scale, it fundamentally alters the world. That is
why it is self-evident that a vast amount of garbage would
be generated. Thus, the method is carried out technically
through hardware, software, and communication. The sensor
detects the amount of fullness and transmits the information
to the waste collector. And it may be used just like any other
gadget [10]. Firdous et al. (2020) describe and illustrate how a
system may transmit an alarm to the company or to the main
monitoring room to collect garbage securely [11].
Sreejith et al recommended that ash be used in agriculture
for growing and that the ash be filtered afterwards using a gas
filter (carbon filter). That is why a gas sensor is used to detect
dangerous gases and alert local residents through a buzzer
sound. Additionally, the overall mechanism is comprised of a
gas sensor, an infrared sensor, a PIC micro-controller, a carbon
filter, and a GSM communication module [12]. Brindhal et al.
(2020) suggested an automated medical and separation system
that is now being used in Indian hospitals. The issue is that
medical waste is hazardous to one’s health, as is its disposal
in landfills, which results in damage. That is why, in order to
resolve this problem, they direct us to develop an automated
medical waste separation system [13], which has a very similar
purpose with our system.
II. LIMITATIONS OF RELATED WORKS
A. Summarizing the Constraints
After going through all the above related works, we find
some scope for our work shown in the following Table I
III. THE SYSTEM DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION
The intelligent smart dustbin with poisonous gas detecting
system is necessary to maintain a healthy atmosphere. The
effective system was designed using low-cost sensors and
appropriate components. Additionally, this report demonstrates
the total cost, which may motivate future researchers to
collaborate in order to regulate and maintain cleanliness for
our health and the environment. The total circuit design for the
whole system is shown int. Figure:1 shows the overall circuit
diagram of the whole system.
A. How the System will Work?
Figure: 2 explains the work flow diagram of the system.To
begin, the system will determine whether or not the smart
bins have sufficient room. The lid will then open automatically
when any motion within 30cm is detected, as well as when
spoken.
TABLE I
THE CONSTRAINTS OF EXISTING WORKS
Approaches Advantages Limitations
Brindha, S., et al. Au-
tomatic Medical Waste
Segregation System by
Using Sensors. No. 3615.
EasyChair, 2020.
Automatically
Controlled and
cost effective.
Required
Some extra
sensors to
separate
different
types waste.
Abd Wahab, Mohd
Helmy, et al. ”Smart
recycle bin: a conceptual
approach of smart
waste management
with integrated web-
based system.” 2014
International Conference
on IT Convergence
and Security (ICITCS).
IEEE, 2014.
Plastic bottle as
well as plastic
waste finding
out from the
garbage.
Costly and a
little bit diffi-
cult to apply.
Pardini, Kellow, et al.
”Smart Waste Bin: A
New Approach for Waste
Management in Large
Urban Centers.” 2018
IEEE 88th Vehicular
A master
approach to
detect and
find out solid
materials in the
bins.
Complex
mechanism
system.
Anitha P and Amirthaa
Sri K S, “Smart Garbage
Maintenance System Us-
ing Internet of Things
A very good
managing
system as well
as lessen man
power and
environmentally
coherent.
Chances
of network
failure.
Fig. 1. Circuit diagram of the system
Occasionally, people will miss the successful drop of
garbage in the bin, which is quite common in our country,
and will leave the garbage in this state, which is extremely
harmful to the environment and health, so the system will
also count and sound an alarm for unsuccessful drops after
opening the lid. If the bin is completely full of rubbish, it will
refuse to open and will display the evacuation warning to the
authorities and user.
Additionally, the system will identify harmful gases such
as methane (CH4), hydrogen sulphide (H2S), and ammonia
using the MQ-2 and MQ-136 sensors (NH3). If the poisonous
gas level exceeds the tolerance setting, the bin’s lid will stay
closed and will send notifications to the authorities requesting
further action.
Fig. 2. Circuit diagram of the system
All of the sensors are connected to an Arduino Uno mi-
crocontroller. By utilising the Wi-Fi module from NodeMCU
ESP8266, which is linked to Arduino Uno through a serial
connection, the sensor values are relayed wirelessly to the web
server. Both the Arduino Uno and the NodeMCU are powered
by rechargeable lithium-ion batteries.
B. The Purpose of the Relevant Hardware of the System
Table II describes the relevant hardware that has been used
here for required purposes:
To communicate serially between an Arduino and a
NodeMCU. The three dangerous gas sensors are attached to
the analogue pins on the Arduino, namely the A1 pin for
the MQ-137. A breadboard connects the NodeMCU and the
sensors to the Arduino’s VCC 5V and GND pins.
C. Pims Configuration
Figure 3 illustrates the pin configuration of the system, due
to the large table, image of the table has been utilized here
for describing the configurations.
D. Implementation
Figures 4 5 6 7 8, shows the hardware implementation.
The bin’s operation is not difficult, but it is straightforward.
GSM, servo motor, buck converter, sonar sensor, Arduino
uno, display, and power supply are some of the technical
components of the proposed work. To begin, one ultrasonic
TABLE II
SPECIFICATION OF THE RELEVANT HARDWARE
Hardware Purpose of Use
Arduino Uno i. To collect data from sen-
sors ii. To send the signal
output iii. To establish com-
munications with other de-
vices
I2C Module
ADS1115
To extend the analog signal
pin (A0-A4) through Esp-
8266.
Servo Motor To response by closing and
opening the bin’s lid after
getting signal from Ultra-
sonic Sonar Sensor-1.
LCD
Display
To display the output (i.e.,
Open and throw trash care-
fully, Smart Dustbin)
GSM Mod-
ule
To send messages regarding
the bin’s status (i.e., thank
you, evacuate!)
Power Sup-
ply
To supply the power for
whole circuit.
Buck
Converter
Basically, Convert DC to de-
sired DC voltage
MQ-136 To detect Hydrogen Sulfide
(H2S)
MQ-137 To detect Ammonia (NH3)
Ultrasonic
Sonar
Sensor-
1
To measure the depth of the
bin.)
Ultrasonic
Sonar
Sensor-
2
To open the bin’s lid.)
MQ-2 To detect Methane (CH4)
Esp-8266 i. To read data via serial
communication ii. To man-
age wireless connections iii.
To transfer data to web
server or mobile apps.
IR Sensor To count the successful drop
of trash
Fig. 3. Pins Configuration of the System
Fig. 4. Smart bin is Closing.
sensor measures the distance a single person travels before
dumping any trash. When the trash is full, one appears with
information. Whereas the waste will cover the canister to a
height of 6cm, the authorities will evacuate through SMS
module. In any event, the GSM will not send SMS to anybody
under the age of 6cm. The buck converter is used to reduce the
voltage level and convert the AC to DC in this case. The servo
motor, on the other hand, is activated when the sonar sensor
provides data to spin and open the bin automatically. The other
technological components operate in the same manner. Micro-
controller, associated switches, and GSM module are all found
in the master controller unit. All motors with sensors and a
GSM module are kept in the smart bin.
IV. USED SOFTWARE FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION
This system employs the Blynk App, which allows for the
creation of project interfaces using a variety of widgets. All
communications between the smartphone and hardware are
handled by the Blynk Server. Figure: 9 shows the interface
for the project settings of our system.
V. EVALUATION AND RESULT
This section’s goal is to determine whether or not this
system, as well as the server, can operate in accordance with
the specified system model and method. garbage). This system
will be evaluated during sensor sensing, data transport, and
data reception for processing.
From Figure: 10 to Figure: 12 are graphical representations
of this system after evaluation and summarising all the data.
Three lines make up the graph’s structure. No signal is shown
in red and SMS is displayed in blue. Entering is represented
by the line in blue. In this visual portrayal, for instance. There
are two loop lines that may be entered. The ups and downs
of the SMS line help us grasp how the SMS loop works.
Fig. 5. Smart bin is Opening.
Fig. 6. Hardware Implantation (Voice Control System for Smart bin).
When an SMS is received, the line is extended and the value
is boosted. On the other hand, when an SMS has been sent,
it is deactivated. The second one has entered a loop. When
a single person steps forward to the trash can. The line is
being slashed. And the value decreases as a result of this. The
person’s worth rises when it is removed from the trash, which
is a subsequent phase in the process.
VI. APPROXIMATE COST STATEMENT
The following is an estimate of the total cost of implemen-
tation, as detailed in Table III.
Fig. 7. Hardware Implantation (Gas Detection System).
Fig. 8. Hardware Implantation (Evacuate Message sent and shown).
VII. CONCLUSION
To summaries, our suggested effort is both cost-effective and
practical. It is thought that since it was built specifically for
hospitals during the Covid-19 epidemic, it will be particularly
advantageous to the hospital’s authority. Apart from that, if
replacement is necessary, this is quite simple to indicate.
Furthermore, as the epidemic progresses, hospitals get dirtier
and messier. Our technology was created in order to maintain
the hospital environment nice and sanitary. After touring a few
hospitals, we were ready to put our plans into action. Waste
will be evacuated in a timely manner since it will be controlled
by a GSM module. There’s a reasonable danger of becoming
Fig. 9. Blynk app for interface and customization.
Fig. 10. Distance data of sonar sensor.
TABLE III
TABLE IV. APPROXIMATE TOTAL COST
Device Name Taka
Arduino Uno 650
Sonar Sensor 300
Servo Motor 400
LCD Display 350
GSM Module 550
Power Supply 500
ESP 8266 Module 220
Sound system and amplifier 450
IR Sensor 120
Buck Converter 320
Variable Resistance 60
Bread Board 120
Jumper Wire and Bin 200
Total 4240
Fig. 11. Graphical Data
Fig. 12. Sensitivity Characteristics of Three Toxic Gas
soiled or being damaged by bio-waste.
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