Martin Schönfelder

Technische Universität München | TUM · Exercise Biology

Background Proliferating cancer cells shift their metabolism towards glycolysis, even in the presence of oxygen, to especially generate glycolytic intermediates as substrates for anabolic reactions. We hypothesize that a similar metabolic remodelling occurs during skeletal muscle hypertrophy. Methods We used mass spectrometry in hypertrophying C2C...

Background A typical training plan is a mix of many training sessions with different intensities and durations to achieve a specific goal, like running a marathon in a certain time. Scientific publications provide little specific information to aid in writing a comprehensive training plan. This review aims to systematically and quantitatively analy...

Airborne transmission of pathogens plays a major role in the spread of infectious diseases. Aerosol particle production from the lung is thought to occur in the peripheral airways. In the present study we investigated eighty lung-healthy subjects of two age groups (20–39, 60–76 years) at rest and during exercise whether lung function parameters ind...

In skeletal muscle, the Hippo effector Yap promotes satellite cell, myoblast, and rhabdomyoblast proliferation but prevents myogenic differentiation into multinucleated muscle fibres. We previously noted that Yap drives expression of the first enzyme of the serine biosynthesis pathway, phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase (Phgdh). Here, we examined the r...

Exercise typically reduces tumour growth, proliferation and improves outcomes. Many of these effects require exercise to change gene expression within a tumour, but whether exercise actually affects gene expression within a tumour has not been investigated yet. The aim of this study was, therefore, to find out whether one bout of endurance exercise...

Aging is associated with changes in circulating levels of various molecules, some of which remain undefined. We find that concentrations of circulating taurine decline with aging in mice, monkeys, and humans. A reversal of this decline through taurine supplementation increased the health span (the period of healthy living) and life span in mice and...

A typical training plan is a mix of many training sessions with different intensities and durations to achieve a specific goal, like running a marathon in a certain time. Scientific publications provide little specific information to aid in writing a comprehensive training plan. This review aims to systematically and quantitatively analyse publishe...

Airborne respiratory aerosol particle transmission of pathogens such as severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), influenza, or rhinoviruses plays a major role in the spread of infectious diseases. The infection risk is increased during indoor exercise, as aerosol particle emission can increase by more than 100-fold from rest to...

Introduction: COVID-19 is a multi-systemic disease which can target the lungs and the cardiovascular system and can also affect parts of the brain for prolonged periods of time. Even healthy athletes without comorbidities can be psychologically affected long-term by COVID-19. Objective: This study aimed to investigate athletes' perceived mental...

Background: Advanced footwear technology improves average running economy compared with racing flats in sub-elite athletes. However, not all athletes benefit as performance changes vary from a 10% drawback to a 14% improvement. The main beneficiaries from such technologies, world-class athletes, have only been analyzed using race times. Objective...

Pathogens such as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2), influenza, and rhinoviruses are transmitted by airborne aerosol respiratory particles that are exhaled by infectious subjects. We have previously reported that the emission of aerosol particles increases on average 132-fold from rest to maximal endurance exercise....

Objective Proliferating cancer cells shift their metabolism to anaerobic glycolysis even in the presence of oxygen to generate glycolytic intermediates as substrates for anabolic reactions. We hypothesise that a similar metabolic remodelling also occurs during physiological skeletal muscle hypertrophy. Methods We used mass spectrometry in hypertro...

Adult skeletal muscle fibres are classified as type 1, 2A, 2X, and 2B. These classifications are based on the expression of the dominant myosin heavy chain isoform. Muscle fibre-specific gene expression and proportions of muscle fibre types change during development and in response to exercise, chronic electrical stimulation, or inactivity. To iden...

Background The Hippo pathway is an evolutionarily conserved regulator of organ size and tumorigenesis. YAP is the main effector downstream of the Hippo pathway. Hippo activation induces an inhibitory YAP serine phosphorylation and nuclear exit/ proteolytic degradation, thereby negatively regulating YAP activity. YAP activates TEAD transcription fac...

Many airborne pathogens such as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) are transmitted indoors via aerosol particles. During exercise, pulmonary ventilation can increase over 10-fold, and therefore, exercisers will exhale a greater volume of aerosol-containing air. However, we currently do not know how exercise affects the con...

Background: Adult muscle fibres are classified as type 1, 2A, 2X, and 2B muscle fibres based on the expression of the dominant myosin heavy chain isoform. Muscle fibre-specific gene expression and muscle fibre types change during development and in response to changes in contractile activity such as exercise, chronic electrical stimulation versus i...

The Hippo signal transduction network regulates transcription through Yap/Taz-Tead1-4 in many tissues including skeletal muscle. Whilst transgenic mice have been generated for many Hippo genes, the resultant skeletal muscle phenotypes were not always characterized. Here, we aimed to phenotype the hindlimb muscles of Hippo gene-mutated Lats1−/−, Mst...

Dried blood spots (DBS) are an alternative sampling method to blood plasma sampling. In contrast to blood plasma sampling, DBS are low-volume capillary blood samples obtained via pricking and collection on paper cards. DBS require less space and no cooling which is advantageous for exercise tests in the field. The aim of this project was to compare...

Simple Summary Exercise can counteract some of the adverse effects of cancer and its treatment. Epidemiological and mechanistic data suggest that exercise can influence cancer hallmarks, survival, and recurrence. Our pilot study aimed to assess the feasibility and safety of a single bout of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) in childhood cance...

Background Face masks are an effective, non-pharmacological strategy to reduce the transmission of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 and other pathogens. However, it is a challenge to keep masks sealed during exercise, as ventilation can increase from 5 to 10 L/min at rest to up to 200 L/min so that masks may be blown away from the fa...

Exercise, psychosocial stress, and drugs such as adrenergic agonists and antagonists increase the concentrations of catecholamines and/or alter adrenergic signaling. Intriguingly, exercise studies universally suggest that catecholamines are cancer-inhibiting whereas cancer stress studies typically report the opposite, whereas β-blocker studies show...

Background: Face masks are an effective, non-pharmacological strategy to reduce the transmission of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) and other pathogens. However, it is a challenge to keep masks sealed during exercise, as ventilation can increase from 5-10 L/min at rest to up to 200 L/min so that masks may be blown away...

Human metabolism is highly variable. At one end of the spectrum, defects of enzymes, transporters, and metabolic regulation result in metabolic diseases such as diabetes mellitus or inborn errors of metabolism. At the other end of the spectrum, favorable genetics and years of training combine to result in physiologically extreme forms of metabolism...

Objectives Micro ribonucleic acids (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNA molecules that control gene expression by translational inhibition. Exercise has been shown to affect several miRNAs’ expression in healthy subjects, but this has not yet been studied in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). Since exercise training confers beneficial long-t...

Background: It was the aim of the study to assess the effect of different types of endurance training during outpatient cardiac rehabilitation on patients' health related quality of life (HRQL). Methods: MacNew Heart Disease HRQL Questionnaire and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADs) were used to assess changes in HRQL in 66 patients bef...

Nearly 100 years ago, Otto Warburg investigated the metabolism of growing tissues and discovered that tumors reprogram their metabolism. It is poorly understood whether and how hypertrophying muscle, another growing tissue, reprograms its metabolism too. Here, we studied pyruvate kinase muscle (PKM), which can be spliced into two isoforms (PKM1, PK...

Sedentary lifestyle predisposes to endothelial dysfunction, increased arterial stiffness and cardiovascular diseases, all of which can be positively modified by regular physical exercise training. A decrease in physical activity during winter months coincides with higher rates of cardiovascular events. In order to identify winter sports suitable to...

For several years, the detection of gait has been popularly implemented using wearable sensors, especially in the sports and medical areas. They are unobtrusive devices which allow to monitor individuals without the need of any ambulatory technology. Despite the fact, the optimal location of the sensor remains uncertain and dependent on the type of...

› No health emergency in living memory has ever had greater repercussions for our health, economy and the way we live than the COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2, commonly referred to as the “coronavirus”. › COVID-19 has many links to sport and exercise: sports events such as the champions league quarter final between Atalanta Bergamo and FC Va...

Exercise is recommended for the healthy population as it increases fitness and prevents diseases. Moreover, exercise is also applied as an adjunct therapy for patients with various chronic diseases including cancer. Childhood cancer is a rare, heterogeneous disease that differs from adult cancer. Improved therapeutic strategies have increased child...

Background: Exercise changes the concentrations of many metabolites, which are small molecules (< 1.5 kDa) metabolized by the reactions of human metabolism. In recent years, especially mass spectrometry-based metabolomics methods have allowed researchers to measure up to hundreds of metabolites in a single sample in a non-biased fashion. To summar...

VGLL proteins are transcriptional co-factors that bind TEAD family transcription factors to regulate events ranging from wing development in fly, to muscle fibre composition and immune function in mice. Here, we characterise Vgll3 in skeletal muscle. We found that mouse Vgll3 was expressed at low levels in healthy muscle but that its levels increas...

Cartilage defects represent an increasing pathology among active individuals that affects the ability to contribute to sports and daily life. Cell therapy, such as autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI), is a widespread option to treat larger cartilage defects still lacking standardization of in vitro cell culture parameters. We hypothesize that...

Endurance is not only a key factor in many sports but endurance-related variables are also associated with good health and low mortality. Twin and family studies suggest that several endurance-associated traits are ≈50% inherited. However, we still poorly understand what DNA sequence variants contribute to endurance heritability. To address this is...

Endurance is not only a key factor in many sports but endurance-related variables are also associated with good health and low mortality. Twin and family studies suggest that several endurance-associated traits are ≈50% inherited. However, we still poorly understand what DNA sequence variants contribute to endurance heritability. To address this is...

Muscle changes of critical illness are attributed to systemic inflammatory responses and disuse atrophy. GTS-21 (3-(2,4-dimethoxy-benzylidene)anabaseine), also known as DMBX-A) is a synthetic derivative of the natural product anabaseine that acts as an agonist at α7-acetylcholine receptors (α7nAChRs). Hypothesis tested was that modulation of inflam...

Aims: Exercise is a trigger for acute coronary events especially in the untrained. Identifying subjects at risk remains a challenge. We set out to assess whether a distinct pattern of micro ribonucleic acids (miRNAs) expressed in response to an acute bout of all-out exercise might exist that would allow discrimination between health and disease....

Background and objective Micro ribonucleic acids (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNA molecules that control gene expression by translational inhibition in health and disease. Exercise has been shown to affect expression of several miRNAs in healthy subjects, but this has not yet been studied in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). Therefore,...

Skeletal muscle mass differs greatly in mice and humans and this is partially inherited. To identify muscle hypertrophy candidate genes we conducted a systematic review to identify genes whose experimental loss or gain-of-function results in significant skeletal muscle hypertrophy in mice. We found 47 genes that meet our search criteria and cause m...

Background: The endogenous glucocorticosteroid cortisol (F) and its metabolite cortisone (E) are known to be involved in stress adaption and anti-inflammatory and immune regulatory effects. The ratios of F to E in the matrices serum, hair and saliva are different. The shift of this ratio by the enzyme activity of 11β-hydroxysteroid-dehydrogenase,...

Aldehyde dehydrogenase is a polymorphic enzyme, which responsible for the oxidation of aldehydes. It has been shown that ALDH1A3 is expressed in human glioblastomas and that its expression correlates with a worse prognosis. In our present study ALDH1A3 expression was associated with resistance against Temozolomide (TMZ) treatment and sensitivity co...

Background and objective Acute exercise is a trigger of cardiac events even in patients with unknown or stable cardiac disease and there’s a paucity of biomarkers that could possibly identify patients at risk. Several micro ribonucleic acids (miRNAs), which are small non-coding RNA molecules that control gene expression by translational inhibition,...

Introduction: To counteract the winter activity deficit, we set out to analyze cardiorespiratory and metabolic responses of two high intensity training (HIT) protocols during alpine skiing (AS), cross-country skiing (XCS) and indoor cycling (IC) and the effects of sex, age and fitness level in this comparison. Methods: Nineteen healthy subjects...

Administration of low amounts of endogenous hormones - so called micro-dosages - are supposed to represent a major challenge in doping analysis. To model such a situation, we have studied transdermal administrations of 2.4 mg/24 h testosterone patches and examined various steroid concentrations in blood, urine and saliva of 11 volunteers. Multiple...

Background: Physical exercise training is an evidence-based treatment in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and patients' peak work rate is associated with reduced COPD mortality. We assessed whether supplemental oxygen during exercise training in nonhypoxemic COPD patients might lead to superior training outcomes, including improved pe...

Since physical inactivity especially prevails during winter months, we set out to identify outdoor alternatives to indoor cycling (IC) by comparing the metabolic and cardiorespiratory responses during alpine skiing (AS), cross-country skiing (XCS) and IC and analyse the effects of sex, age and fitness level in this comparison. Twenty one healthy su...

Oral Introduction Physical inactivity is a strong predictor of cardiovascular morbidity and is decreased up to 40% during winter (e.g. Merchant et al., 2007). High intensity interval training (HIIT) revealed great improvements in key variables of endurance performance in both trained and untrained (Laursen & Jenkins, 2002) and was found to be a pot...

Background and objective Micro ribonucleic acids (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNA molecules that control gene expression by translational inhibition. They have been identified to play roles in a multitude of cellular functions. Recently, plasma-based circulating miRNAs and their response to physical exercise have gained increasing interest in rese...

High-intensity interval training has recently emerged as superior to continuous endurance training in cardiac rehabilitation upon other training regimes. Individually tailored continuous endurance training and pyramid training could induce comparable effects on peak work capacity as high intensity interval training. A prospective, randomized study....

The legally defensible proof of the abuse of endogenous steroids in sports is currently based on carbon isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS), i.e. a comparison between (13) C/(12) C ratios of diagnostic precursors and metabolites of testosterone. The application of this technique requires a chromatographic baseline separation of respective steroi...

Testosterone is a steroid hormone with powerful androgenic and anabolic effects. It is generally known that testosterone can help to build muscle mass and change body composition in favor of fat-free mass. Additionally those effects can be enhanced if combined with strength training. Testosterone exerts its hypertrophic effects on muscles in an ana...

Objectives: Intense exercise has been shown to have negative effects on systolic- and diastolic ventricular function in adults. Very little is known about the normal reaction of the growing heart to endurance stress. Design: Longitudinal follow-up study pre- and post age adopted triathlon Setting: Tertiary paediatric cardiac centre Patients: 26 hea...

Intense exercise has been shown to have negative effects on systolic and diastolic ventricular function in adults. Very little is known about the normal reaction of the growing heart to endurance stress. For this study, 26 healthy children (18 males) with a mean age of 12.61 years (range, 7.92-16.42 years) took part in an age-adapted triathlon circ...

Doping with anabolic agents is regulated within a number of sports. Testosterone and its functional analogs are popular compounds for increasing muscle mass, physical performance, recovery, and reducing body fat. While routine tests for anabolic drugs exist (e.g. hair, urine, and blood analysis), the aim of the present study is to determine specifi...

Recent technical development focused on real-time heart rate monitoring instead of postexercise evaluation of recorded data. There are several systems on the market that allow direct and real-time monitoring of several individuals at the same time. The present study compared the systems of Polar, Acentas, Activio, and Suunto in a field test with tw...

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Doping with anabolic agents is a topic in sports where strength is crucial, e.g. sprinting, weight lifting and many more. Testosterone and its functional analogs are the drugs of choice taken as pills, creams, tape or injections to increase muscle mass and body performance, and to reduce body fat. Stanozolol (17β-hydroxy-17α-methyl-5α-androst-2-eno...

Doping with anabolic agents is a topic in sports where strength is crucial, e.g. sprinting, weight lifting and many more. Testosterone and its functional analogs are the drugs of choice taken as pills, creams, tape or injections to increase muscle mass and body performance, and to reduce body fat. Stanozolol (17β-hydroxy-17α-methyl-5α-androst-2-eno...

We evaluated androgen-like effects of bisphenol A (BPA) using orchiectomized Wistar rats. Animals were treated p.o. either with vehicle or with 3, 50, 200, 500 mg/kgbw/day BPA (n=13) for 7 days. One group was treated s.c. with 1mg/kgbw/day testosterone propionate (TP). Flutamide (FL) (3mg/kgbw/day, p.o.) was used to antagonize androgen effects of t...

Objectives: Prostate cancer (PC) is the most common type of cancer found in German men. Medicine Worldwide estimates that about 19% of all new cases of cancer in Germany every year will be PC. It was recently shown that oral consumption of green tea polyphenols inhibited prostate carcinogenesis and suggested that induction of apoptosis in PC cells...

The aim of this study was to evaluate androgen-like effects using immunohistochemical and morphometric methods. Therefore, orchiectomized Wistar rats (n > or = 13) were treated s.c. with 1 mg/kg bw/day testosterone propionate (TP) for 7 days and compared to orchiectomized rats without TP substitution (OX) and to an untreated intact control group. S...

The extracellular matrix (ECM) component hyaluronan (HA) is considered to contribute to the optimal development of the gametes and the embryo. In this study, the regulation and localization of HA, its synthases (HAS 1-3) and the receptors CD44, RHAMM, and putative HARE were investigated in bovine oviducts during the estrous cycle. HA could be demon...

In response to the gonadotropin surge, the compact cumulus-oocyte complex (COC) undergoes expansion by synthesis of the mucopolysaccharide hyaluronan (HA) accompanying oocyte maturation. The objective of the present study was to quantify mRNA transcripts of the HA synthase (HAS) 1, HAS2, and HAS3 and the HA-receptors CD44 and RHAMM (receptor for HA...

Steroids are known as important factors on the route of oocytes development and cumulus oocyte complexes (COC) as well as follicular granulosa cells (GC) are suggested to be themselves involved in steroidogenesis. The aim of this study was to characterize such a local sex steroidogenic system during in vitro maturation (IVM) of bovine COCs accordin...

A complete VEGF system consisting of the ligand and two of its receptors has been detected for the first time in the bovine cumulus-oocyte-complex (COC). In the course of a 24 hr in vitro maturation procedure (IVM), expression of the smaller VEGF transcripts and their specific receptors flt and flk changed remarkably in a time-dependent manner as o...

Erscheinungsjahr an der Haupttitelstelle: 2003 München, Techn. Univ., Diss., 2004. Computerdatei im Fernzugriff.