Markus Scholler

Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde Karlsruhe | SMNK · Biological Sciences

Phytophthora infestans (Peronosporaceae, Oomycota) is the causal agent of late blight of potato (Solanum tuberosum) and a native to Central America. When introduced to Europe, it rapidly spread in 1845, triggering the Irish Potato Famine, which claimed millions of lives and led to an exodus of Europeans to North America. The spread of the species w...

The Global Consortium for the Classification of Fungi and fungus-like taxa is an international initiative of more than 550 mycologists to develop an electronic structure for the classification of these organisms. The members of the Consortium originate from 55 countries/regions worldwide, from a wide range of disciplines, and include senior, mid-ca...

Antrodiella species ( Agaricomycotina , Polyporales ) are often growing on or near to the living, dead, or dying fruitbodies of pioneer wood-inhabiting fungi. Antrodiella citrinella always occurs on wood that previously has been decayed by the polypore Fomitopsis pinicola . However, the underlying mechanism remained unclear. Based on field observat...

Sequencing herbarium specimens can be instrumental in answering ecological, evolutionary, and taxonomic inquiries. We developed a protocol for sequencing herbarium specimens of rust fungi (Pucciniales) and proceeded to sequence specimens ranging from 4 to 211 yr old from five different genera. We then obtained sequences from an economically importa...

Summary: ESTEVE-RAVENTÓS, F., E. LARSSON, F. PANCORBO & M. SCHOLLER (2022). Typification of Inocybe oblectabilis f. macrospora, and additional data on the phylogeny of the Tiliae and Pseudohiulca groups in Europe. Bol. Soc. Micol. Madrid 46: 49-63. A lectotype of Inocybe oblectabilis f. macrospora (=I. robertii) is designated on the basis of origin...

Using molecular phylogenetic analyses (ITS) and morphological data obtained from light and electron microscopy, some European and North American species and genera placed or formerly placed in the genus Pucciniastrum in the Coleosporiaceae and Pucciniastraceae (Pucciniales) were taxonomically revised. The ITS analyses confirmed recent familiar conc...

The lichen flora of the former long-term protected forest Wilder See in the Black Forest National Park was studied for the first time. 182 species were identified in this area of about 149 ha. Taxonomically critical species were sequenced (rDNA, ITS marker). The annotated list of species contains notes on taxonomy, abundance and specific ecological...

ABBASI, M. and Scholler, M. 2006. Notes on distribution of Tranzschelia arasbaranica in Europe. Rostaniha 7 (2): 166-167. Study on two rust infected specimens of Prunus mahaleb collected from Europe revealed that, both specimens have been infected by species of Tranzschelia. Uredinial and telial stages of rust were present on both specimens. Distin...

Morphological studies and phylogenetic analysis based on the ITS sequence data showed that there is considerable differences within the Puccinia striiformis complex on members of Triticeae (Triticum and Hordeum), Dactylis glomerata and Poa pratensis. Based on the above molecular and morphological data, we suggest dividing P. striiformis as follows:...

The new species, Genea coronata, is proposed to accommodate specimens characterized by very small black fruitbodies growing in late spring, with spores smaller than 32 μm and ornamented with irregularly conical to fang-like, subcapitate or mucronate warts. The new species is described based on collections found in France, Germany and Spain, and com...

Plants, fungi and algae are important components of global biodiversity and are fundamental to all ecosystems. They are the basis for human well-being, providing food, materials and medicines. Specimens of all three groups of organisms are accommodated in herbaria, where they are commonly referred to as botanical specimens. The large number of spec...

In Mitteleuropa sind auf Weizen (Triticum aestivum) drei Rostpilzarten (Pucciniales) bekannt, nämlich der Schwarzrost (Puccinia graminis), der Gelbrost (P. striiformis) und der Braunrost (P. triticina). Diese Arten sind ökonomisch bedeutend. Um sie zu überwachen, frühzeitig zu erkennen und Ernteeinbußen zu minimieren, ist eine schnelle und korrekte...

Fungi play a crucial role in terrestrial Arctic ecosystems as symbionts of vascular plants and nutrient recyclers in soil, with many species persistently or temporarily inhabiting the phyllosphere of the vegetation. In this study we apply high-throughput sequencing to investigate the mycobiome of 172 samples of fresh (current year) and aged (3 year...

Species of rust fungi of the genus Milesina (Pucciniastraceae, Pucciniales) are distributed mainly in northern temperate regions. They host-alternate between needles of fir ( Abies spp.) and fronds of ferns (species of Polypodiales). Milesina species are distinguished based on host taxonomy and urediniospore morphology. In this study, 12 species of...

The subgenus Inocybe is widespread in the Holarctic but, due to a superficially similar appearance of the species, much of its diversity has been overlooked. In this study, a revision of some Central European species of the subgenus is carried out. On the basis of detailed morphological and phylogenetic investigation, five new species of Inocybe, s...

With the change to one scientific name for pleomorphic fungi, generic names typified by sexual and asexual morphs have been evaluated to recommend which name to use when two names represent the same genus and thus compete for use. In this paper, generic names in Pucciniomycotina and Ustilaginomycotina are evaluated based on their type species to de...

Heteroecism, or alternation between two unrelated hosts, is a widespread phenomenon among rust fungi (Pucciniales). In addition to heteroecism, rust fungi have evolved elaborate life cycles ranging from the five spore stages of macrocyclic species with many variations down to microcyclic species that may produce just two of these stages to complete...

A multigene phylogenetic analysis of Genabea, Myrmecocystis and related genera in Pyronemataceae was conducted to establish genetically supported generic limits. The nuc rDNA 28S gene, translation elongation factor 1-α (TEF1) and RNA polymerase II second largest subunit gene (RPB2) significantly supported the monophyly of several distinct genera of...

The German Barcode of Life (GBOL) project is a large-scale DNA barcoding initiative to assess the biodiversity of animals, fungi, and plants of Germany. Here we introduce the subproject focusing on rust fungi (Pucciniales, Basidiomycota). This is the only group of fungi represented in the initial 3.5-year phase of the project. The goal of the rust...

Recently, an unknown rust fungus of the genus Coleosporium appeared in Germany and Switzerland on giant goldenrod, Solidago gigantea, an invasive neophyte from North America, and on the indigenous European goldenrod, S. virgaurea. For identification, DNA barcodes were assembled in the course of the German Barcode of Life (GBOL) project and the inve...

Since the mid-nineties Phyllactinia fraxini has become frequent in Germany. This species has hitherto been characterized by having straight conidiophore foot cells. However, we found that recent collections from Germany have conidiophores with sinuated and twisted foot cells. So far sinuated foot cells were only known from the related P. fraxinicol...

The Golovinomyces biocellatus complex consists of powdery mildew (Erysiphales) species restricted to hosts of the family Lamiaceae. Previous authors used minor morphological features of the sexual state and host range data to split the complex. The data, however, were not sufficient to define a convincing species concept. Our taxonomic study is bas...

Biodiversity loss is mainly driven by human activity. While concern grows over the fate of hot spots of biodiversity, contemporary species losses still prevail in industrialized nations. Therefore, strategies were formulated to halt or reverse the loss, driven by evidence for its value for ecosystem services. Maintenance of the latter through conse...

M (2016): Terana coerulea in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern: A historically interesting 19 th century specimen from the former fungus collections of the Greifswald University Herbarium (KR ex GFW). Zeitschrift für Mykologie 82(2): 481-492. Abstract: The fungus collections of the herbarium of the University of Greifswald (GFW, incorporated in KR in 2013) co...

In the old growth spruce-fir forest “Wilder See”, a long-term protected zone of the Black Forest National Park (Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany), the phenology of two associated polypore fungus species on Picea abies logs, Fomitopsis pinicola and the rare red-data list species Antrodiella citrinella were investigated. We combined detailed field studies...

Capulin cherry, Prunus salicifolia (P. serotina var. capuli; Rosaceae), is a semi evergreen tree, grown in low chill areas for its attractive white flowers and edible red cherry fruit. In April of 2014, a rust sample collected from two 4-year-old capulin cherry trees in a backyard garden in Santa Barbara County, CA was sent to the CDFA plant pathol...

Klenke F; Scholler M 2015: Plant-parasitic microfungi. An identification book for smuts, rusts, powdery and downy mildews, chytrids and Taphrinales in Germany, Austria, Switzerland and South Tyrol. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 1172 pp., 342 color photographs, 106 black-and-white photographs and figures. Rusts, smuts, powdery and downy mildews...

Two new species of Tranzschelia (Pucciniales) are described from the Americas. Tranzschelia pseudofusca is a microcyclic species on Anemone spp. (Ranunculaceae) with North American distribution. T. mexicans on Prunus salicifolia (Rosaceae) is found in Colombia, Ecuador and Mexico. It is assumed that T. mexicans is a macrocyclic host alternating spe...

Abstract On some rare waxcap species (Hygrocybe s.l.) in nutrient-poor habitats in Karlsruhe Most waxcaps (genus Hygrocybe s.l.) are species with conspicuous colors in nutrient-poor open land habitats. So far none of the rare species could be observed in the city of Karlsruhe. Within the framework of a project about the changing macrofungus flora o...

Kurzfassung Das innerstädtische Naturschutzgebiet " Alter Flugplatz Karlsruhe " (Baden-Württemberg, Deutschland) umfasst rund 70 ha. Es zeichnet sich durch einen großen Anteil an nährstoffarmen Mager-und Sandrasen aus. 2006 wurde mit der mykologischen Bestandsaufnahme begonnen und unregelmäßig Begehungen durchgeführt. Es konn-ten 246 Arten aus fünf...

This work deals in two sections with the North American plane powdery mildew Erysiphe platani, an epidemiological study and a molecular phylogenetic analysis based on rDNA ITS sequence data. Most likely, the species was introduced in South Europe at the begin- ning of the 1960s. In 2007, it was observed for the first time in Germany near Freiburg (...

Anamorphic powdery mildew species (Erysiphales) hosted by Bignoniaceae, Gesneriaceae and Linaceae (Erysiphe elevata, Oidium saintpauliae and Podosphaera lini) were studied macro-and microscopically and documented by photographs and line drawings. For the first time the germination pattern of the three species is documented. Identification keys for...

This paper is a call for new research on European rust fungi, initiated by the participants of the EURED (European Uredinales Initiative) meeting, a satellite workshop of the 9th International Mycological Congress in Edinburgh 2010.

Anamorphic powdery mildews on Hydrangeaceae and Papaveraceae in Germany are revised. Species are documented in detail including line drawings, photomicrographs, and identification keys. On Papaveraceae three species are accepted, specifically Erysiphe macleayae on Chelidonium majus and Macleaya cordata, E. cruciferarum on Eschscholzia californica,...

Puccinia lagenophorae is a rust fungus originat- ing from Australasia which has spread throughout the world. A phylogenetic analysis of taxa related to this species was performed using rDNA (LSU, ITS) sequence data. The analyses revealed a well-supported cluster including all specimens of P. lagenophorae. By evaluating morphological and sequence da...

Die Morphologie der nach Europa eingeschleppten Microsphaera Palczewskii JACZ. (Erysiphales) wird unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Anamorphe beschrieben. Die Anamorphe ist nur schwer von den Anamorphen anderer auf Caragana parasitierenden Microsphaera-Arten zu unterscheiden. M. palczewskii scheint in den verholzten Teilen der Wirtspflanze pere...

During a five-day-stay on the Danish island Bornholm the flora of obligate phytoparasitic fungi was investigated on a few locations. Sixty host plant species were found to harbour 55 fungus taxa which belong to seven different orders. Numerous species had not been reported before from the island, and Erysiphe buhrii (Erysiphales) is a first record...

Eine neue Rostpilzart auf Laserpitium prutenicum (Umbelliferae), Puccinia kreiselii, wird aus Deutschland beschrieben. P. kreiselii gehört in den Formenkreis der P. pimpinellae. Neben dem Wirtsspektrum unterscheidet sich P. kreiselii von verwandten Arten vor allem durch die Größe der Uredinio- und Teliosporen sowie durch die Wanddicke der Uredinios...

GenBank, the public repository for nucleotide and protein sequences, is a critical resource for molecular biology, evolutionary biology, and ecology. While some attention has been drawn to sequence errors ([1][1]), common annotation errors also reduce the value of this database. In fact, for

The objective of this study was to find features in microcyclic rust fungi (Uredinales) on wild host plants favorable for extension of the natural range of distribution. Puccinia glechomatis, a leptosporic rust fungus and its herbal host Glechoma hederacea (Lamiaceae), both natives to Eurasia and introduced in North America, were used for this stud...

Nine species of rust fungi (Uredinales) were found during a 1-day field study in an Acacia koa–Metrosideros polymorpha woodland in Volcanoes National Park on Big Island, Hawaii. Two species, both found on Acacia koa, are native (endemic) rusts whereas 7 species are nonnative on nonnative hosts, highlighting the high proportion of introduced species...

Tranzschelia arasbaranica sp. nov. (Uredinales) is described on Prunus mahaleb from Iran. The species can be distinguished from related species by a combination of teliospore features including size, position of germ pores, and cell wall thickness. A key to Iranian Tranzschelia species on Prunoideae based on teliospore features is provided.

Puccinia graminis (Uredinales) is an economically important and common host-alternating rust species on Berberidaceae/Poaceae (subfamilies Pooideae and Panicoideae) that has been spread globally by human activities from an unknown center of origin. To evaluate the taxonomic implications, phylogenetic relationships, and distribution/spread of this c...

Uromyces euryopsidicola sp. nov. (Uredinales) is described from South Africa. The species is microcyclic, forming telia on stems of Euryops spp. (Asteraceae, Senecioneae). It is systemic, inducing the development of witches' brooms in its hosts.

Glechoma hederacea L. (Ground-ivy, Lamiaceae), a perennial mat-forming herb, is native to the temperate regions of Eurasia and was introduced elsewhere (South East Asia, New Zealand and North America). Based on data obtained from herbaria, literature, online and other data bases and field studies, we documented the invasion history and current dist...

Summary •W e investigated the effect of an optimal nutrition strategy designed to maximize loblolly pine ( Pinus taeda ) growth on the rank abundance structure and diversity of associated basidiomycete communities. •W e conducted both small- and large-scale below-ground surveys 10 years after the initiation of optimal nutrition, and used TRFLP of s...

Species of Anthracoidea on Cyperaceae were collected in northern Fennoscandia and Spitsbergen in the years 1991-2001. They are presented in an annotated list of records encompassing 15 species on 28 host taxa. Carex aquatilis, C. paleacea , C. paleacea × aquatilis, and C. recta are new records of host species for Anthracoidea echinospora, and Carex...

In Northeast Germany an Erysiphales species has been observed on the ornamental shrub Colutea arborescens (Fabaceae) in various localities since 1995. Species identification was only possible when the teleomorph was found six years later. It is Erysiphe palczewskii, an introduced Asian species which, so far, was known only from Caragana spp. This a...

Parthenium weed (Parthenium hysterophorus L., family Asteraceae), an annual herb of neotropic origin, is an invasive noxious weed with a pantropical distribution (1). It is particularly undesirable because of the serious health risks it poses to people living close to infestations (1). In January 1995, S. Neser (ARC-Plant Protection Research Instit...

This article lists one new Puccinia species and six otherwise noteworthy Iranian rust fungi (Uredinales) on Poaceae. New to science is Puccinia ariorum sp. nov., a species with verrucose teliospores on Bromus danthoniae. Puccinia australis on Cleistogenes serotina, P. fragosoana on Imperata cylindrica, Uromyces ferganensis on Stipa caucaswa and S....

Besides mites, filamentous fungi and yeasts play an important role as domestic allergens. Among different allergen avoidance strategies the efficacy of synthetic mattress encasings has been demonstrated for the reduction of house dust mites. Whether these synthetic encasings are also able to reduce the growth of fungi on the mattress under domestic...

English daisy (Bellis perennis, family Asteraceae) is a flowering plant native to Europe. It is widely used as an ornamental in North America but is also a weed in lawns in the western and eastern United States. In December 2000, plants growing in urban landscapes in Monterey County, CA, were infected with rust. Orange aecia containing aeciospores...

Common groundsel (Senecio vulgaris, Asteraceae) is native to Europe and is now a common weed mainly in disturbed habitats of almost worldwide distribution. In November 2000, groundsel plants growing adjacent to lettuce fields in California's coastal Salinas Valley (Monterey County) showed symptoms of rust. In a 0.2-ha survey area, 75% of the plants...

In order to avoid homonymy, the name Arthrobotrys elegans M. Scholler, Hagedorn & A. Rubner has to be replaced. We propose Arthrobotrys oudemansii nom. nov, instead.

Ground-ivy or gill-over-the-ground (Glechoma hederacea) is a perennial and a member of the mint family (Lamiaceae). It is characterized by creeping stems that root at the nodes, blue to violet blossoms, and rotund leaves. The plant is native to Eurasia but was introduced to and has become widespread in North America. It is found predominantly in nu...

A new genus concept is proposed for predatory anamorphic Orbiliaceae in which the trapping device is the main morphological criterion for the delimitation of the genera. Molecular, ecological, physiological, biological, and further morphological features are taken into account as well. Following the groups identified by Hagedorn & Scholler (1999),...

A 1.2 kb long fragment of ribosomal DNA, including the 3' half of the 18S rDNA, the ITS1 region, the 5.8S rDNA, and the ITS2 region was sequenced in 20 strains of predatory hyphomycetes and allied species. Additional sequences were obtained from GenBank and a conspectus of the evolution of the predatory orbiliaceous fungi is provided. Amongst the s...

A new nematophagous hyphomycete is described from the Canary Islands as Arthrobotrys hertziana. It has branched conidiophores with slightly swollen tips, mostly three-septate conidia, and sticky knobs as trapping devices. A key to Arthrobotrys species forming sticky knobs is presented. Among six nematode and two springtail species tested as hosts o...

The anamorph of a powdery mildew on Akebia quinata (Lardizabalaceae) was found for the first time in Europe. The fungus was studied in detail and illustrated by drawings and photomicrographs. In most features, it matches Microsphaeria akebiae Sawada, native to Asia. However, our observations on conidial germination differ from those described in th...