Mark Raphaelian

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A specific algebraic coupling model involving multiple quantization axes is presented in which previously indistinguishable SU(2) symmetry groups become distinguishable when coupled into a SU(3) group structure. The model reveals new intrinsic angular momentum (or isospin) eigenvectors whose structural symmetries are detailed, some of which are not...

A multi-pulse linear induction accelerator, Scorpius, will be constructed at the NNSS U1A facility for use in radiographic experiments. One of the many diagnostics, the injector emittance diagnostic, will provide information on the quality of the beam emanating from the injector and therefore the quality of the beam in the accelerator. A slit-harp...

The 14th International Particle Accelerator Conference (IPAC’23) will be held in Venice, Italy from 7 to 12 May 2023 at the Venice Convention Centre. Website: https://www.ipac23.org/ Presenter: Mark Raphaelian Dear Mark, we acknowledge reception of your abstract #1268 for IPAC'23 - 14th International Particle Accelerator Conference. Here follow the...

An extension to the standard electroweak model is presented that is different from previous models. This extension involves a three dimensional rotation of a plane defined by two charge-neutral current axes. In this model the plane also contains the three algebraically coupled SU(2) groups quantization axes that comprise the SU(3) group. This exten...

X-ray Diodes (XRDs) are currently used for spectroscopic measurements, measuring X-ray flux, and estimating spectral shape of the VUV to soft X-ray spectrum. A niche exists for an inexpensive, robust X-ray diode that can be used for experiments in hostile environments on multiple platforms, including explosively driven experiments that have the pot...

There are many types of X-ray diodes that are used for X-ray flux or spectroscopic measurements and for estimating the spectral shape of the VUV to soft X-ray spectrum. However, a need arose for a low cost, robust X-ray diode to use for experiments in hostile environments on multiple platforms, and for experiments that utilize forces that may destr...

Experimental lifetimes of several levels in the 2p5 3p and 3d configurations in Ne-like sulphur, S VII, and argon, Ar IX, have been determined by the beam-foil technique. The ANDC method for cascade correction has been applied in the analyses of the 3p decay curves. The results are generally in good agreement with recent theoretical values except f...

Step and Flash Imprint Lithography (S-FIL) is an attractive method for printing sub-100 nm geometries. Relative to other imprinting processes S-FIL has the advantage that the template is transparent, thereby facilitating conventional overlay techniques. Previous work on S-FIL templates has focused on a chromium and quartz pattern transfer process t...

Photon emission cross sections have been measured between 100 and 600 AA in collisions of 2-105 keV amu-1 O6+ ions on helium. The results extend existing data at low energy (0.56-7.13 keV amu-1) to higher energy. The data are compared with the existing atomic orbital calculations for one-electron capture in (quasi-) two-electron systems.

Over the past several years, advanced photolithography has moved from 0.35 micrometers technology to 0.25 micrometers as the standard. Soon the technology will move into the 0.18 micrometers generation. Due to the ever-shrinking feature sizes on advanced photolithographic masks, phase shifting technology has been incorporated to improve resolution...

The KSU CRYEBIS is a CRY ogenic Electron Beam Ion Source located on a high voltage platform, dedicated to the exploration of the physics of the highly-charged, low-energy ions. This paper summarizes the research accomplished by our users over the last three years. It discusses the experiences encountered in the operation and production over the las...

This paper addresses the capabilities of the Micrion 8000 FIB (focused ion beam) phase shift mask repair tool to repair clear defects and opaque defects found on chrome-based binary and attenuated phase shift masks, and MoSi-based attenuated phase shift masks for 0.35 micrometer lithography. For a repair to be successful, the repair must: match siz...

Contributions of the electron-electron and electron-nucleus interactions to the ionization of O7+ by He are experimentally separated using recoil momentum spectroscopy. The electron-electron contribution is found to produce much smaller recoil momenta, both longitudinal and transverse. The momentum distributions of the two mechanisms are in good ag...

On the standard Micrion 8000 PM Repair System platform, the repair accuracy for clear defect repair and opaque defect repair is plus or minus 75 nm. Incorporation of a new ion beam column has pushed the repair accuracy for clear and opaque defect repairs to smaller values. This new system can image isolated defects less than 200 nm in size. To char...

The characteristics of an ideally repaired opaque defect on a molybdenum silicide (MoSiaObNc) photomask are: (1) the total removal of the MoSiaObNc defect, leaving no residual MoSiaObNc; (2) a smooth, level quartz surface (no over-etch) after the MoSiaObNc is removed; (3) minimal riverbedding of the quartz at the perimeter of the MoSiaObNc defect;...

The characteristics of an ideally repaired opaque defect on a molybdenum silicide (MoSiaObNc) photomask are: (1) the total removal of the MoSiaObNc defect, leaving no residual MoSiaObNc; (2) a smooth, level quartz surface (no over-etch) after the MoSiaObNc is removed; (3) minimal riverbedding of the quartz at the perimeter of the MoSiaObNc defect;...

The collision system of 19-MeV F9+ on Ne has been studied using recoil and projectile momentum spectroscopy. For each event, identified by final recoil and projectile charge state, the three-dimensional momentum vector of the recoil ion and the transverse momentum vector of the projectile ion were measured. The transverse momenta of the recoil and...

We have observed direct target ionization of He at low velocity (0.2 to 1.7 a.u.) by highly charged ions of C6+, N7+, O8+, Ar16+, and Xe30+. The measured single ionization cross sections increase rapidly with increasing velocity. The cross sections, divided by the charge of the incident projectile, are found to lie on a universal curve when plotted...

Electron capture by Xe30+ from Ar has been studied for projectile velocities between 0.3 and 1.0 a.u. Coincidence measurements were used to identify experimentally the final states of both target and projectile. The capture of up to eight electrons from the target was observed, while retention of more than three electrons by the projectile was foun...

Recoil momentum spectroscopy has been used to distinguish experimentally between contributions to the ionization of hydrogenlike O and F projectiles from interactions with the electrons and with the nucleus of a target He atom. The electron-electron contribution is separated from the nuclear one in the final momentum space of the recoil He ion, and...

We have used time-of-flight coincidence techniques to study multielectron reactions in 10-keV/u (v=0.632 a.u.) Arq+ (5≤q≤17) on Ar collisions. Absolute cross sections for total charge-transfer (σq), projectile charge-change (σq,q-k), recoil production (σqi), and phenomenological cross sections (σq,q-ki) have been obtained by normalizing to cross se...

We describe measurements of the lifetimes of metastable states in one- and two-electron nickel ions. The 2 [sup 2][ital S][sub 1/2] level in one-electron nickel was found to have a lifetime of 217.1(1.8) ps, in agreement with a theoretical calculation of 215.45 ps. The lifetimes of the 2 [sup 1][ital S][sub 0] and 2 [sup 3][ital P][sub 2] levels in...

We report on angular distribution measurements in 50 keV Ar15+ on Ar charge-transfer collisions. Distributions corresponding to the production of up to quintuply-charged recoils were obtained, and compared to the predictions of the molecular classical overbarrier model (MCBM) of Niehaus (1988) under different assumptions. We found no evidence that...

The longitudinal momentum transfer to the recoil ion in collisions of 1 MeV/amu bare F ions with Ne are resolved for final charge states of both projectile and recoil ions. We observe the recoil to be thrown backwards in electron-capture events, reflecting the physical impact of the electron translation factor. The size of the momentum transfer is...

A charge-transfer experiment has been done in which Ar7+ was incident on sodium in the ground state and first excited state. Absolute capture cross sections were determined for projectile velocities in the range of 0.1-1.0 a.u. The experimental findings are compared with the results of semiclassical calculations.

High-resolution Auger spectra of doubly excited Be-like neon have been obtained for intermediate collisional velocities (0.89-1.79 a.u.). Ne8+ was produced at high voltage in the Argonne National Laboratory electron-cyclotron-resonance ion source. A differentially pumped helium gas cell was used to study double electron capture. The LMX Auger decay...

A charge-transfer experiment has been done in which 63-keV Ar[sup 7+] was incident on sodium in the ground and first excited states. The electron-capture ratio [sigma](Na(3[ital p]))/[sigma](Na(3[ital s])) was experimentally determined for this system. The charge-capture cross section was observed to increase by a factor of 1.5 for the excited targ...

High-resolution high-statistics Auger electron spectra were obtained in collisions of 20 MeV F6+ (1s22s) projectiles with H2 targets using 0° projectile electron spectroscopy. The 1s2s2p2 3,1D-->1s22s (D-transitions) and the 1s2s2p2 1D-->1s22p (D-transition) Auger transitions were clearly resolved. The 1s2s2p2 3,1D projectile states can be formed b...

We have made event-by-event measurements of transverse momentum distributions for both partners in the 1 MeV/u F{sup 9+} + Ne collision system. The recoil and projectile ions were charge state analyzed and detected in coincidence, using two 2-D position-sensitive microchannel plate detectors. The data have been analyzed to take into account resolut...

The Kansas State CRYEBIS facility was used to study the collisional dynamics for the collisional system of Ar{sup 15+} with a cold gas jet argon atom target. This system is studied over the collisional velocity range of 0.2 a.u. ⤠v{sub p} ⤠2.0 a.u. Up to eight target electrons become molecular during the collision leading to multiply-excited st...

The authors have measured the radiative stabilization probability in double-electron capture collisions for the systems 10 keV u-1 Krq+ (q=13-34) and Arq+ (q=6-17) on Ar, and examined its velocity dependence for Ar8+ on Ar. The measured probability exhibits pronounced structures as a function of q. A model incorporating the initial population, the...

We report on the first Q-value measurements in charge-transfer collisions using recoil longitudinal momentum spectroscopy. This method is not limited to relatively low beam energies and is easily adaptable to captures involving any number of transferred electrons. A very monoenergetic beam is not necessary. For a 50-keV Ar15+ on Ar collision system...

The CRYogenic electron beam ion source at Kansas State University has been in operation since spring 1989. It produces up to Ar¹⁸⁺, Kr³⁴⁺, and Xe⁴⁴⁺ on a regular basis. Acceleration tubes and a beamline system were added during 1990. The ion source is mounted on a high voltage platform, which can be used to vary the...

The CRYogenic Electron Beam Ion Source· at IG:insa5 State University has been in operation since spring 1989. It produces up to Ar^18+, Kr^34+ and Xe^44+ on a regular basis. Acceleration tubes and a beam line system were added during 1990. The ion source is mounted on a high voltage platform, which can be used to vary the ion energies between 2 and...

We have measured the lifetime of the 2 {sup 3}S{sub 1} level in helium-like bromine with the result {tau}{sup exp} 2 {sup 3}S{sub 1}=224.1 (7.1) ps, in agreement with theory. Our error is dominated by uncertainties in the correction for the effects of cascades from highly excited states.

We have measured the lifetime of the 2 3S1 level in helium-like bromine with the result Τexp (2 3S1=224.1 (7.1) ps, in agreement with theory. Our error is dominated by uncertainties in the correction for the effects of cascades from highly excited states.

High-resolution 0\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} Auger spectroscopy has been used to study the Ne LMM and LMN Auger emission. The doubly excited states in B-like Ne are produced via nonresonant transfer and excitation (NTE) in collisions of 15 to 60-keV/amu ${\mathrm{Ne}}^{6+}$ incident on He. Line assignments are given for Auger transitions ob...

We describe recent precision experiments in fewelectron ions including measurements of the lifetimes of two-photon-emitting levels in Ni26+ and Ni27+, a measurement of the lifetime of the 23S1 level in Br33+ and measurements of the 23S1 + 23P0,1,2 transition energies in B3+.

High resolution zero degree electron spectroscopy is used to study the collisional energy dependence of the Auger decay of doubly excited states in beryllium-like neon and boron-like neon following single and double electron capture from a collision with a helium gas target. The neon ion beams were produced in the Argonne electron cyclotron resonan...

We report a measurement of the lifetime of the 2³{ital S}⁠level in heliumlike ⁷⁹Br{sup 33+}. Our result is Ï{sup exp}(2 ³{ital S}â)=224.1(7.1) ps. This agrees with the theoretical calculation of 230(2) ps and provides a test of {ital O}({ital Z}²α²) corrections to the lifetime. The experimental error is dominated by uncertainties in the...

We report measurements of the lifetimes of the 21S0 state of heliumlike Ni26+ and the 22S1/2 state of hydrogenlike Ni27+, both of which decay predominantly by two-photon emission. Our method differs from previous measurements of the lifetimes of similar states in that we require a coincidence between the two photons. Our lifetime of 217.1(1.8) ps f...

We report on a new atomic physics facility at the Argonne PII ECR ion source which was built for the Uranium Upgrade of the ATLAS heavy-ion accelerator. An important feature of our ECR ion source is that it is on a high-voltage platform which provides beam energies of up to 350q keV, where q is the charge of the ion. We discuss the experimental pro...

Les résutats que nous présentons on été obtenus dans le cadre du nouveau progranune de physique atomique. Ce dernier est basé sur l'utilisation de la source PII ECR d'Argonne constriute pour le Tandem-linéaire accelerateur (ATLAS) d'Argonne. Nos premières expériences ont eu pour but d'étudier les états sélectifs de la capture d'électron dans les co...

We report the observation of the two-photon decay of the 21S0 level in heliumlike Ni26+ and a measurement of the lifetime of this state. We find a lifetime of 150(16) ps, in agreement with the theoretical calculation of G. W. F. Drake [Phys. Rev. A 34, 2871 (1986)] which yields 154.3(5) ps.

We report the observation of the two-photon decay of the 2/sup 1/S/sub 0/ level in heliumlike Ni/sup 26+/ and a measurement of the lifetime of this state. We find a lifetime of 150(16) ps, in agreement with the theoretical calculation of G. W. F. Drake (Phys. Rev. A 34, 2871 (1986)) which yields 154.3(5) ps.

We have demonstrated the capability of the Argonne tandem-linac (ATLAS) for producing decelerated beams for precision X-ray spectroscopy. Beams of 40Ca18,19,20+ were produced by foil stripping at 205 MeV followed by deceleration to 105 and 129 MeV. The ions were directed onto a gas target where X-rays emitted following electron pickup were observed...

We have used the beam-foil technique to search for transitions between the doubly-excited quarter levels in Al III. These levels, due to excitation of an inner-shell 2p electron, lead to radiation in the range of 900 to 1500 A. Calculations using a multi-configurational Dirac Fock code have enabled us to propose preliminary identification of a numb...

We discuss the status of measurements of the 2s Lamb shift in singly-ionized helium (He+) and of the 1s Lamb shift in one-electron calcium or titanium ions. The He+ Lamb shift experiment, which is being done at Princeton University, utilizes the microwave-resonance method in a beam of metastable He+. The high-Z experiment involves measurement of th...

We report the observation of the two-photon decay of the 2¹Sâ level in heliumlike Ni/sup 26+/ and a measurement of the lifetime of this state. We find a lifetime of 150(16) ps, in agreement with the theoretical calculation of G. W. F. Drake (Phys. Rev. A 34, 2871 (1986)) which yields 154.3(5) ps.

An atomic physics beam line has been set up at the Argonne PII ECR Ion Source. The source is on a 350-kV high-voltage platform which is a unique feature of particular interest in work on atomic collisions. We describe our planned experimental program which includes: measurement of state-selective electron-capture cross sections, studies of doubly-e...