Marie-Pierre Pacaux-Lemoine

Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France | UPHF · Laboratoire d’Automatique, de Mécanique et d’Informatique Industrielles et Humaines (LAMIH UMR CNRS 8201)

The transition to Industry 5.0 highlights the necessity for practical cooperation between humans and machines in challenging situations [22], driven by advanced technology, increased production demands, and decentralized control mechanisms while prioritizing human involvement and control. This paper comprehensively evaluates the literature on diver...

While several crises spread worldwide, researchers and engineers from several domains and environments are trying to provide better tools to improve or create new organizations and new roles for humans to be more resilient when facing unexpected, unexpectable or unforeseeable events. Resilience must be addressed as early as possible in the organiza...

Les systèmes industriels cyber-physiques opèrent simultanément dans les mondes physiques et numériques des entreprises. Pierre angulaire de la 4e révolution industrielle, ils s’imposent de plus en plus comme une voie d’avenir auprès des académiques et des industriels. L’essence même de ces systèmes reste toutefois souvent mal comprise ou mal interp...

With increasing autonomous capabilities and intelligence of machines and interconnectivity of humans and machines, interaction and cooperation become even more crucial for socio-cyber-physical systems. How can we organize the exploding number of design options in a way that it is easy for humans to understand and control these systems? Patterns for...

To successfully tackle the Industry 4.0 (I4.0) paradigm, automation technologies must be seen and used to further enhance, complement and/or augment the human’s capabilities rather than replacing human competences. Cyber-Physical Production and Human Systems (CPPHS) acknowledge human presence, behaviours, creativity and skills, considering human be...

In this chapter, the authors focus on the design and evaluation of industrial cyber‐physical systems that will be interacting or even cooperating with a human operator. Since they are dealing with systems dedicated to Industry 4.0, these human operators are called Operators 4.0. The designer must thus identify the tasks and sub‐tasks of the human o...

One objective of Industry 4.0 is to reach a better system performance as well as to have a better consideration of humans. This would be done by benefiting from knowledge and experience of humans, and balancing in a reactive way some complex or complicated tasks with intelligent systems. Several studies already dealt with such an objective, but few...

Since the start of industrialization, machine capabilities have increased in such a way that human control of processes has evolved from simple (with mechanization) to cognitive (with computerization), and even emotional (with semi/full automation). The processes have also evolved from simple to complicated, and now complex systems, in the emerging...

Humans are currently experiencing the fourth industrial revolution called Industry 4.0. This revolution came about with the arrival of new technologies that promise to change the way humans work and interact with each other and with machines. It aims to improve the cooperation between humans and machines for mutual enrichment. This would be done by...

This overview article describes the design and use space of integrating humans and cyber-physical systems in Industry 4.0, with special regards to the interplay of analysis, design and evaluation methods and phases. Starting with an introduction into the challenges of Industry 4.0 and an overview on existing methods of system design, the design and...

As it had already been observed in other domains, such as aircraft or automotive sectors, the development of fully automated driving systems in the mainline railway sector faces multiple technical and safety barriers. Before such an advanced system can be overcome, systems with intermediate and adaptive levels of automation must be considered and s...

The 11th Workshop on Service Oriented, Holonic and Multi-Agent Manufacturing Systems for Industry of the Future (SOHOMA'21) is advertising a call for papers - available at https://sohoma2021.sciencesconf.org/resource/page/id/3. I am part of the organizing committee of two special sessions: Digital Twins for Cyber-physical Industrial Systems; and Hu...

The aim of this paper is to study to what extent the current state-of-the-art in human-machine cooperation can be applied or adapted in the emerging context in Industry 4.0 where the “machines” are autonomous cyber-physical systems with whom the cooperation is done. A review of 20 papers has been realized. A discussion is made, pointing out the adv...

The research community is producing a tremendous amount of works with the sole purpose to prepare for the next industrial revolution. In the context of the development of cyber-physical systems to production systems, a variety of technologies and architectures integrating humans and machines are studied. Results are evaluated using platforms to ide...

Human-Machine Systems are right at the intersection of biosphere and technosphere and therefore profit from both nature/life sciences and technical sciences. When machines become more intelligent, e.g. with automation or AI, different intents and conflicts between humans and machines will occur and have to be resolved. Examples for conflicts in the...

Levels of automation implemented in the railway domain are already high, especially with automated metro. Nevertheless, high levels of automation in the urban sector cannot be directly transposed to train control in mainline or freight sectors, since the train driving environment is more likely to face various unexpected events. The autonomous trai...

Today, technology provides many ways for humans to exchange their points of view about pretty much everything. Visual, audio and tactile media are most commonly used by humans, and they support communication in such a natural way that we don’t even actively think about using them. But what about people who have lost motor or sensory capabilities fo...

Over the last centuries, we have experienced scientific, technological, and societal progress that enabled the creation of intelligent-assisted and automated machines with increasing abilities and that require a conscious distribution of roles and control between humans and machines. Machines can be more than either fully automated or manually cont...

To introduce this special issue of shared and cooperative control, we will look into history of tools in cooperation between humans and aim to unify the plethora of related concepts and definitions that have been proposed in recent years, such as shared control, human–machine cooperation and cooperative guidance and control. Concretely, we provide...

This chapter presents an intelligent wearable system based on the design of an instrumented garment specially designed for firefighters and focuses on the context of crisis management. A powerful application of intelligent garments is related to risk management in hostile environments. By learning from data measured by the garment's sensors, a loca...

Presentation and use of the Human-Machine Cooperation Model to identify adequate levels of automation to support Human-Robot Cooperation.

In the context of Industry 4.0, numerous technologies are developed as well as new paradigms, causing a rupture with historical production control models. This highlights the needs for new approaches aiming to deploy efficiently these new technologies and paradigms within future industrial systems. On the other hand, human-machine system approaches...

With the increase in technological capabilities, system designers can imagine new possibilities for Humans to interact with smart systems and delegate some of their tasks to these systems. The interactions and support provided by the systems would be so useful that some authors already propose considering them as symbiotic. The objective of this pa...

Better human machine cooperation is based on human trust in the machine. It has not been established, however, the system design which assures the machine is trusted by human operators in an appropriate manner. This is because the notion of trust is still vague since it has several aspects. The paper proposes to adopt a human-machine cooperation fr...

The study presented in this paper is in the context of providing a telepresence platform for people with tetraplegia, who may be confined to their room or bed. The eventual aim is to provide these people with a system that allows them to remotely control a robot, which can act as a medium for him/her in their everyday life, e.g. by enabling interac...

Human-machine systems are omnipresent in our everyday life. These systems are very important; they allow human and machine understanding and working together efficiently. But poor choices during its design can have important impacts, principally in terms of safety, security and performance. The design of human-machine systems takes into account the...

Human-machine systems are omnipresent in our everyday life. These systems are very important; they allow human and machine understanding and working together efficiently. But poor choices during its design can have important impacts, principally in terms of safety, security and performance. The design of human-machine systems takes into account the...

Robots will face a huge deployment in a very near future for people’s everyday lives. Main objective is to reduce or eliminate safety and health risks inherent to physically demanding duty or risky work. The present paper focuses on unsafe and hazardous tasks performed by firefighters and aims at proposing organizational and technical tools to bala...

Since the start of industrialization, machine capabilities have increased in such a way that human control of processes has evolved from simple (with mechanization) to cognitive (with computerization), and even emotional (with semi/full automation). The processes have also evolved from simple to complicated, and now complex systems. This is notably...

As an introduction to the session of shared and cooperative control, this article will briefly look into the history, start with definitions and sketch a common framework of shared and cooperative control that sees the two phrases not as different concepts, but as different perspectives or foci on a common design space of shared intentionality, con...

Over the last centuries we have experienced scientific, technological and societal progress that enabled the creation of intelligent assisted and automated machines with increasing abilities, and require a conscious distribution of roles and control between humans and machines. Machines can be more than either fully automated or manually controlled...

Robots will know a huge deployment in the near future. Several research works are related with human-robot interaction and with cooperation between robots. Other studies aim to bring them capabilities of self-organization which allow them quick and appropriated autonomous answers to quite simple events. That endows the swarm of robots with interest...

Since the start of industrialization, machine capabilities have increased in such a way that the control of processes by humans is becoming increasingly complex. This is especially the case in Intelligent Manufacturing Systems for which processes tend to be so autonomous that humans are more and more unaware of processes running, particularly when...

Robots will know a huge deployment in the near future. Several research works are related with human-robot interaction and with cooperation between robots. Other studies aim to bring them capabilities of self-organization which allow them quick and appropriated autonomous answers to quite simple events. That endows the swarm of robots with interest...

Dans les systèmes industriels « intelligents » notamment bâtis autour d'architectures distribuées, holoniques et multi-agents, la démarche de conception ne prend pas prioritairement en compte l'opérateur humain. Cette démarche, souvent pratiquée dans le cadre plus global du génie industriel, est qualifiée de techno-centrée en ce sens que même si el...

Car manufacturers and automotive suppliers design more and more Advanced Driving Assistance Systems (ADAS) that are quickly installed into cars. Nevertheless, such ADAS address different types of driving activities and driver's behaviors; they might concern longitudinal and lateral controls, lane changes, navigation, and try to take into account dr...

Questionnant la pertinence d’une approche psychophysiologique à l’analyse des situations, l’étude porte sur la conduite automobile. Centrée sur le franchissement de sommet de côte, elle est réalisée en simulateur, avec un parcours reproduisant le relief d’une route réelle. La fréquence cardiaque (FC) du conducteur et la vitesse du véhicule sont qua...

This paper discusses driver's emergency avoiding behavior while he or she is driving a car in a rural area. Based on behavioral data obtained from an experiment conducted in France with a high-fidelity driving simulator, the authors analyzed the driver behavior just before the collision. The results showed that the drivers tended to choose a “ratio...

This paper presents the work done between three laboratories about the control error detection. The objective is firstly to propose a filtering approach to protect the system from any control error and secondly, to propose, if necessary, assistance to understand the error. For this, the authors propose on one hand, a method to design the safety fil...

This paper discusses driver's emergency avoiding behavior while he or she is driving a car. Based on behavioral data obtained from an experiment conducted in France with a high-fidelity driving simulator, we analyzed the driver behavior just before the collision. The results showed that the drivers tended to choose a "rational" behavior to avoid th...

World becomes more and more densely populated, dynamic and interconnected. In order to support the increase of world demand, automation provides systems to improve efficiency, safety and comfort. But systems are often placed at human operators’ disposal or imposed on them without taking enough care. Ergonomic criteria, training and integration of f...

This chapter explains that collective situation awareness (SA) can be improved by a cooperative organization. It shows the similarity between human cooperation and the collective SA. The chapter shows how the concept of a common work space (CWS), which helps to mediate the cooperation between agents. The chapter discusses structural approaches of t...

This article presents the methodology developed within the framework of the research project SARI (Automated Road Surveillance for Driver and Administrator Information). This methodology is based on the logic of action research. The article presents the different stages in the development of technological innovation addressing vehicle control loss...

Manufacturing companies have to be more and more competitive. They have to improve continuously products quality, as well as reducing cost and shorting production time. The paper focuses on the design of a system that is able to ensure product quality and process protection against damages. The system, so-called “robust filter”, has to stop the pro...

The interest of cooperation is more and more highlighted. When competition has been presented as the main driving force of species evolution, cooperation is today presented as the mean for everything or everyone to reach the necessary symbiosis with another one to exist and to evolve. Cooperation has been central to our studies now for over twenty...

This paper discusses driver's emergency avoiding behavior while he or she is driving a car. Based on behavioral data obtained from an experiment conducted in France with a high-fidelity driving simulator, we analyzed the driver behavior just before the collision. The results showed that the drivers tended to choose a "rational" behavior to avoid th...

Our study focused on the lateral position of drivers in relation to risk on rural crest vertical curves, using a field site proposed by a local operator of the French road network (Conseil Général de Maine-et-Loire, 49). The final goal was to test one road treatment on this field site. The study consisted of three stages. The first, using driving s...

Today, few data allow estimating the driver posture and movements during a crash situation. These precious data could provide the possibility to define criteria to trigger driving assistance to control the vehicle for active safety or to protect the driver for passive safety. Therefore, we tried to link the different accidentology approaches by con...

The objective of the paper is to present an approach used in order to define task sharing between human operator and robot, when new functions have to be defined for human operator and new autonomous functions are available for robot. A study of complementarities between levels of automation and human machine cooperation approaches is firstly propo...

This paper considers pre-impact vehicle maneuvers and analyzes the resulting driver motion from their comfort seating position. Part I of this work consists of analyzing the driver behavior during a crash. The study is conducted using the LAMIH driving simulator and involves 76 participants. The emergency situation is created by a truck emerging fr...

The choice of a method is a first and necessary stage to make a project successful. This stage allows reaching targets such as optimization, coherence, traceability and capitalization. It is all the more important that the project is large-scale like the studied project called SARI for Automated Supervision of Road to Inform drivers and managers. I...

This research was carried out as part of the French national multidisciplinary research project, PREDIT-SARI. Using a driving simulator, it aimed to test the effectiveness of road treatments intended to inform drivers about the risk of losing control on rural roads with "crest vertical curves" (Landis et al., 2004). [Rosey, F., Auberlet, J.M., Bert...

The present research was done in the context of the French national multidisciplinary research project, PREDIT-SARI. Our study focused on the risk related to crest vertical curves (CVC) on rural roads, using a field site proposed by a local operator of the French road network (Conseil Général de Maine-et-Loire, 49). The final goal was to test one r...

Over the last few years, the use of driving simulators has expanded in the field of transportation research. Using a driving simulator raises many questions: for example, "What is the best driving simulator for a particular type of experiment?"; "How can an experiment be replicated on several simulators?"; or "How can researchers know if the result...

This paper presents an approach to analyze drivers' behaviours during critical events using a driving simulator and to estimate the dynamic responses of drivers by means of numerical simulation. The first part of this work is to present the experimental results obtained from 35 subject responses. A scenario of an unavoidable crash is created in the...

The paper presents an attempt to use the so-called BCD model (i.e., Benefit/Cost/Deficit model) in order to identify the human state. Different human states are taken into account from the automation and mechanical viewpoints to the psychological and physiological ones. Various signals identifying these human states can be analysed firstly alone, a...

In order to improve capacities and capabilities of human-machine system, interactions between agents are inclined to be more frequent and more complex. Nevertheless, these interactions can not be always developed by verbal activities and must be supported by a media. The contribution of this paper is to propose the concept of common work space whic...

This paper analyses the links between control and cognitive control, in the case of drivers using an Auto Adaptive Cruise Control (AACC). We carried out an experiment using a driving simulator and two simulated AACCs which differentiated one another from the operating mode. It was assumed that these modes would induce different driving behaviours,...

Proceedings of 25th European Annual Conference on Human Decision Making and Manual Control (EAM’06) September Valenciennes, France ValenSciences N°7, PUV, ISBN 2-905725-87-7

This paper presents an experiment managed within the framework of the regional French project. We study in particular the human physical reactions in order to try to adapt passive security to driver behavior, particularly how she/he modifies her/his posture just before a frontal crash. The first experiment was realized with a car driving simulator,...

For years, automotive engineers have been working to improve vehicle safety by using dummies, human corpses and animals to test safety systems. However, in most cases, crash tests do not consider drivers differences, much less their reactions. In reality, no one can make real crash tests with living drivers. Current approach is to simulate crashes...

The LAMIH particularly the research group Human-Machine Systems, has studied human-machine cooperation for many years, in a variety of contexts where safety is essential. Our approach is multi-disciplinary and uses different models and methods to elaborate symbolic and formal representations of human-machine cooperation. Our principal objective is...

The LAMIH particularly the research group Human-Machine Systems, has studied human- machine cooperation for many years, in a variety of contexts where safety is essential. Our approach is multi-disciplinary and uses different models and methods to elaborate symbolic and formal representations of human-machine cooperation. Our principal objective is...

This paper presents the study of a particular form of human-machine cooperation in order to define and evaluate a system which is able to control the intervehicle distance according to the environment, the driver's behaviors and his/her wish to cooperate with the system. This study highlights the ACC's limits to control the distance headway with th...

This paper presents the first experiment performed in the frame of a French research national program in the ground transportation: ARCOS. The aim of this study is the development of an advanced cooperative system able to modify its parameters in function of the driver's behaviour. The first stage of this study consists in the building of an experi...

This paper deals with the research of means to build a human–machine cooperation in the air traffic control. The experiment described aims at evaluating a principle of dynamic allocation of conflict resolution on a large scale simulator of air traffic control. Artificial and human agents have to cooperate to exchange information, to make a decision...

This paper deals with the research of means to build a Human-Machine Cooperation in the Air Traffic Control. The experiment described aims at evaluating a principle of dynamic allocation of conflict resolution on a large scale simulator of air traffic control. Artificial and human agents have to cooperate to exchange information, to take decision a...

Previous works in human engineering and particularly in the air traffic control domain show three basic conditions for designing a cooperative decision support system: 1) sufficient know-how for solving problems in an autonomous way; 2) know how to cooperate and 3) adequate organizational structure integrating human and machine. Through a multi-dis...

An experiment is described that aimed at evaluating a principle of dynamic task allocation (DTA) of conflict resolution between aircraft in air-traffic control on a large scale simulator. It included three cognitive agents: the radar controller (RC), in charge of conflict detection and resolution; the planning controller (PC), in charge of entry-ex...

A dynamic task allocation between two human operators and two assistance tools has been evaluated in the air traffic control domain. The tactical operator-the radar controller-was assisted by an assistance tool (SAINTEX) for solving traffic conflicts. The strategical operator-the planning controller-was assisted by a second tool (PLAF) for traffic...

The increasing air traffic and the ensuing increasing burden on air traffic controllers suggest to attempt to provide enhanced assistance to air traffic controllers. As it is difficult to reduce the number of primary tasks, a solution is to give active assistance to controllers by means of computer tools that allow for optimal control in order to m...

Our research deals with the study of dynamic task allocation which is a form of human-machine cooperation. The cooperation consists of introducing in the control and supervisory loop of the process, a task allocator which shares tasks between a human operator and an automated system. In this paper, we try to understand and to integrate results obta...

The paper deals with the presentation of the study realized with Cofiroute (French acronym for Industrial and Financial Company of Motorways), Oktal, the company that realized the virtual mock-up of the tunnel, Renault, the car manufacturer which provided its dynamic driving simulator, and the LAMIH (French acronym for the Laboratory of Industrial...