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Oswaldocruzia (Nematoda, Trichostrongylina, Molineoidea) parasitic in Brazilian and Ecuadorian amphibians, with redefinition of the type species
... Eleutherodactylus curalis, Eleutherodactylus fenestratus, Hyla boans, Hyla fasciata, Hyla granosa, Hyla leali, Hyla leucophyllata , Leptodactylus bolivianus, L. leptodactyloides , L. mystaceus, L. pentadactylus, Leptodactylus Site of infection: Gall bladder (?), intestine, stomach. Type host and type locality: B. marinus, Brazil (Travassos, 1937).-Desset, 1995); Bufo crucifer, Hyla faber (Travassos, 1937); B. marinus (Pearse, 1936; Caballero, 1949; Brenes-Madrigal and Bravo-Hollis, 1959; Tantalean, 1976; Baker, 1987); Bufo regularis (Pike, 1979); Ceratophrys cornuta, Phrynohyas mesophaea, Phyllomedusa burmeisteri (Baker, 1987); L. ocellatus (Vicente and dos Santos, 1976); L. pentadactylus (Fa ...
... 1995); Bufo crucifer, Hyla faber (Travassos, 1937); B. marinus (Pearse, 1936; Caballero, 1949; Brenes-Madrigal and Bravo-Hollis, 1959; Tantalean, 1976; Baker, 1987); Bufo regularis (Pike, 1979); Ceratophrys cornuta, Phrynohyas mesophaea, Phyllomedusa burmeisteri (Baker, 1987); L. ocellatus (Vicente and dos Santos, 1976); L. pentadactylus (Fahel, 1952); R. vaillanti (Paredes-Calderón et al., 2004); Sm. baudinii (CNHE 2596-97). Geographic range in amphibians: Brazil (Travassos, 1937; Fahel, 1952; Vicente and dos Santos, 1976; Baker, 1987 ; Ben Slimane and Desset, 1995); Costa Rica (Brenes-Madrigal and Bravo-Hollis, 1959 ); Ecuador (Ben Slimane and Desset, 1995); Mexico (Pearse, 1936; Caballero, 1949; Paredes-Calderón et al., 2004); Peru (Tantalean, 1976); Sudan (Pike, 1979)., 1991, Gnathostoma turgidum Stossich, 1902, and Gnathostoma lamothei Bertoni-Ruiz, García- Prieto, Osorio-Sarabia, and León-Règagnon, 2005, precludes its determination based on morphological characteristics (León-Règagnon et al., 2002; BertoniRuiz et al., 2005). distribution: June 9, 2000, 1 host with 1. Site of infection: Intestine. ...
... 1995); Bufo crucifer, Hyla faber (Travassos, 1937); B. marinus (Pearse, 1936; Caballero, 1949; Brenes-Madrigal and Bravo-Hollis, 1959; Tantalean, 1976; Baker, 1987); Bufo regularis (Pike, 1979); Ceratophrys cornuta, Phrynohyas mesophaea, Phyllomedusa burmeisteri (Baker, 1987); L. ocellatus (Vicente and dos Santos, 1976); L. pentadactylus (Fahel, 1952); R. vaillanti (Paredes-Calderón et al., 2004); Sm. baudinii (CNHE 2596-97). Geographic range in amphibians: Brazil (Travassos, 1937; Fahel, 1952; Vicente and dos Santos, 1976; Baker, 1987 ; Ben Slimane and Desset, 1995); Costa Rica (Brenes-Madrigal and Bravo-Hollis, 1959 ); Ecuador (Ben Slimane and Desset, 1995); Mexico (Pearse, 1936; Caballero, 1949; Paredes-Calderón et al., 2004); Peru (Tantalean, 1976); Sudan (Pike, 1979)., 1991, Gnathostoma turgidum Stossich, 1902, and Gnathostoma lamothei Bertoni-Ruiz, García- Prieto, Osorio-Sarabia, and León-Règagnon, 2005, precludes its determination based on morphological characteristics (León-Règagnon et al., 2002; BertoniRuiz et al., 2005). distribution: June 9, 2000, 1 host with 1. Site of infection: Intestine. ...
The helminth fauna inhabiting Lithobates sp. Colima from Ticuizitán, Colima, Mexico, comprises 10 species: 4 digeneans ( Clinostomum sp., Glypthelmins quieta , Haematoloechus sp., and Langeronia macrocirra ), 5 nematodes ( Aplectana itzocanensis , Cosmocerca podicipinus , Foleyellides striatus , Oswaldocruzia subauricularis , and Rhabdias sp.), and 1 cestode (Cyclophyllidea). Glypthelmins quieta , L. macrocirra , and A. itzocanensis represent new host records. These observations, added to previous records from Acapulco, Guerrero, Mexico, indicate that the helminth fauna of Lithobates sp. from Colima comprises 25 taxa. Frogs are being parasitized by 3 infection routes: ingestion of intermediate host, skin penetration by larval forms, and transmission by vectors. Species of Aplectana , Cosmocerca , Foleyellides , and Oswaldocruzia occurred in high prevalence in Colima, similar to a previous study on the same frog species from Guerrero. In Colima, Glypthelmins , Haematoloechus , and Rhabdias also occurred in high prevalence. Haematoloechus species reached the highest mean intensity in both localities. The semiaquatic habits of this species of frog and the availability of particular feeding resources appear to determine the helminth composition and infection levels; however, co-speciation events also play an important role structuring these helminth communities.
... (Pearse, 1936;Caballero, 1949;Brenes-Madrigal and Bravo-Hollis, 1959;Tantalean, 1976;Baker, 1987), Rhinella crucifer, Boana faber (Travassos, 1937), L. latrans (Vicente and Dos Santos, 1976), Leptodactylus pentadactylus (Fahel, 1952), Ceratophrys cornuta, Phyllomedusa burmeisteri, Trachycephalus mesophaeus (Baker, 1987), Rhinella sp. (Ben Slimane and Durette-Desset, 1995), R. vaillanti (Paredes-Calderón et al., 2004), R. cf. forreri (Cabrera-Guzmán et al., 2007). ...
... Geographic range in amphibians: Mexico (Pearse, 1936;Caballero, 1949;Paredes-Calderón et al., 2004;Cabrera-Guzmán et al., 2007), Brazil (Travassos, 1937;Ben Slimane and Durette-Desset, 1995), Costa Rica (Brenes-Madrigal and Bravo-Hollis, 1959), Ecuador (Ben-Slimane and Durette-Desset, 1995), Peru (Tantalean, 1976), Salvador (Fahel, 1952). ...
As a part of an amphibian survey from 2003 to 2010, specimens of leopard frogs (27 Rana cf. forreri and 15 Rana brownorum) from the state of Chiapas, Mexico, were collected and examined for helminths. Thirteen helminth species were collected from R. cf. forreri: 5 trematodes and 8 nematodes; the most prevalent helminth species was the nematode Cosmocerca parva and the most abundant was Proteocephalidae gen. sp. Eleven helminth species were collected from R. brownorum: 3 trematodes, 7 nematodes, and 1 acanthocephalan; the most prevalent species were Haematoloechus sp., Rhabdias cf. sphaerocephala, and Oxyascaris sp., and the most abundant was R. cf. sphaerocephala. Hosts in this study shared 3 helminth species: Haematoloechus sp., Oxyascaris sp., and Foleyellides striatus.
... Other reported hosts: Bufo sp. (Ben Slimane and Durette-Desset, 1995); Bufo crucifer, Hyla faber (Travassos, 1937); B. marinus (Pearse, 1936;Caballero, 1949;Brenes-Madrigal and Bravo-Hollis, 1959;Tantalean, 1976;Baker, 1987); Bufo regularis (Pike, 1979); Ceratophrys cornuta, Phrynohyas mesophaea, Phyllomedusa burmeisteri (Baker, 1987); L. ocellatus (Vicente and dos Santos, 1976); L. pentadactylus (Fahel, 1952); R. vaillanti (Paredes-Calderón et al., 2004); Sm. baudinii (CNHE 2596-97). ...
... Geographic range in amphibians: Brazil (Travassos, 1937;Fahel, 1952;Vicente and dos Santos, 1976;Baker, 1987;Ben Slimane and Durette-Desset, 1995); Costa Rica (Brenes-Madrigal and Bravo-Hollis, 1959); Ecuador (Ben Slimane and Durette-Desset, 1995); Mexico (Pearse, 1936;Caballero, 1949;Paredes-Calderón et al., 2004); Peru (Tantalean, 1976); Sudan (Pike, 1979). ...
The helminthological record of Rana cf. forreri in Acapulco municipality, Guerrero state, Mexico, consists of 19 taxa: 5 digeneans—Catadiscus rodriguezi, Haematoloechus coloradensis, metacercariae of Diplostomidae gen. sp., Mesostephanus sp., and Apharyngostrigea sp.; 2 cestodes—Cylindrotaenia americana and the plerocercoid of Diphyllobothriidae gen. sp.; 2 acanthocephalans—Neoechinorhynchus golvani and the cystacanth of Oncicola sp.; and 10 nematodes—Aplectana incerta, Cosmocerca podicipinus, Foleyellides striatus, Oswaldocruzia subauricularis, Rhabdias sp., and the larvae Contracaecum sp., Serpinema trispinosum, Gnathostoma sp., Physaloptera sp., and Globocephalus sp. Cosmocerca podicipinus and O. subauricularis were the most prevalent and abundant helminth species. The infection parameters for the remaining species ranged from 2.5% to 57.5% for the prevalence, and 1–18.7 for mean intensity.
... In Mexico, three species of Oswaldocruzia are recorded as parasites of R. horribilis: O. lamotheargumedoi Ruiz-Torres, García-Prieto, Osorio-Sarabia, and Violante- O. pipiens Walton, 1929;andO. subauricularis (Rudolphi, 1819) (Paredes-León et al., 2008;Ruiz-Torres et al., 2013); our specimens were identified as O. subauricularis by having caudal bursal type II (sensu Ben-Slimane et al., 1996), 44 synlophe ridges with reinforcement at mid-body level and alae present but reduced; in the same way, measurements such as body length, esophagus length, and the distance of excretory pore and deirids to anterior end are similar to that of O. subauricularis (Ben-Slimane and Durette-Desset, 1995 (Baker, 1978;Espinoza-Jiménez, 2007;Ruiz-Torres et al., 2013). Kuzmin, Tkach, andBrooks, 2007 (Paredes-León et al., 2008). ...
As part of an ongoing project to inventory the helminth parasites of amphibians from the state of Hidalgo, Central Mexico, specimens of Rhinella horribilis were collected from three municipalities: Eloxochitlán, Huehuetla, and San Felipe Orizatlán. A total of eight taxa of helminths were found: three digeneans (Haematoloechus sp., Langeronia macrocirra, and Mesocoelium danforthi) and five nematodes (Cosmocerca sp., Cruzia morleyi, Ochoterenella chiapensis, Oswaldocruzia subauricularis, and Rhabdias sp.). The highest species richness was recorded in Huehuetla. All reports of these species of helminths represent new locality records for Mexico.
This review includes information about 47 taxa of nematode parasites reported from 34 species of Argentinean amphibians, all belonging to order Anura (33 native species and 1 introduced species). Thirty four nematode species have been reported as adults and 13 species were reported as larvae (10 taxa) or juveniles (3 taxa). Two species, Cosmocerca parva and C. podicipinus (Cosmocercidae), collected as adults, are the most commonly occurring adult nematodes in Argentinean amphibians; each of them parasitize 14 amphibian species. The bufonid Rhinella schneideri and the leptodactylid Leptodactylus bufonius present the highest species richness of parasitic nematodes (9 species); followed by Rhinella fernandezae, R. arenarum and Leptodactylus chaquensis, each of which is parasitized by 8 nematode species. Mean species richenss was highest for the family Bufonidae (4.5±3.4; range: 1-9); followed by the Leptodactylidae (3.5±2.8; range: 1-9). Data on hosts, geographical distribution, site of infection, location of deposited materials, and information about life cycles are provided. This is the first compilation of information on nematode parasites of amphibians in Argentina.
Except for four species of the Mertensinematinae (Molineoidea) not considered in this work, the Trichostrongylina parasitic in amphibians and reptiles, comprising 15 genera and 105 species, are reviewed. The morphological characteristics of each species are analysed. The most important characteristics are provided by the disposition of the caudal bursal rays, the morphology of the synlophe (at the oesophago-intestinal junction and mid-body level) and by the anatomy of the spicules. The species are classified into seven groups: Group 1: “relict” species with six lips and well-developed buccal capsule (six genera and 16 species). Group 2: “ancient” species with one or two primitive characters (eight genera and 15 species). Group 3: Oriento-Ethiopian species with non-“idiomorphic” spicules with two to three tips (10 species). Group 4: Neo-Ethiopian species with non-“idiomorphic” spicules with numerous tips (11 species). Group 5: Holarctic species with “idiomorphic” spicules with the spicular fork divided above the distal third of the spicule length (24 species). Group 6: Continental Neotropical species with “idiomorphic” spicules and spicular fork divided within the distal third of the spicule length (21 species). Group 7: Caribbean Neotropical species with modified “idiomorphic” spicules, the three main branches of which are each divided into numerous tips (eight species). The new taxa proposed in the paper are: Bakeria (Moravec & Sey, 1986) status emend. (= Bakeria Moravec & Sey sub. g.), Ragenema n. g., Ragenema robustum (Baker, 1982) n. comb. (= Oswaldocruzia robusta), Typhlopsia quentini (Durette-Desset, 1980) n. comb. (= Trichoskrjabinia quentini), T. secundus (Pinnell & Schmidt, 1977) n. comb. (= Trichoskrjabinia secundus), T. gansi (Crusz & Ching, 1975) n. comb. (= Oswaldocruzia gansi), T. limnodynastes (Johnston & Simpson, 1942) n. comb. (= Oswaldocruzia limnodynastes), T. legendrei (Chabaud & Brygoo, 1962) n. comb. (= Oswaldocruzia legendrei).
Two new species of Oswaldocruzia, O. manuensis sp. nov., and O. urubambaensis sp. nov. are described and illustrated from Peru, these are parasites of the cane toad Rhinella marina. O. manuensis is characterized by having cervical alae which are not well developed, ridges without chitinous supports, caudal bursa type II and branches of fork of dissimilar length. O. urubambaensis is characterized by a caudal bursa of type I, ridges with chitinous supports, a thin cephalic vesicle and origin of rays 9 in tip of the dorsal trunk.
Abstract Oswaldocruzia lamotheargumedoi n. sp., inhabiting the intestine of the cane toad Rhinella marina (L.), in Laguna de Coyuca, Guerrero, Mexico, is described in this paper. The new species differs from 10 congeners infecting bufonid hosts because it has a type I bursa. In contrast, 7 of these species have type II bursa and 3 more type III bursa. The species most simililar to the species described in this paper is Oswaldocruzia pipiens Walton, 1929. These 2 species share traits such as body size, bursa type, presence of cervical alae, and dorsal ray morphology. Nevertheless, both species can be distinguished based on the number of synlophe ridges at mid-body (54-56 for O. lamotheargumedoi vs. 45-48 for O. pipiens) and by the presence of a chitinous support in the long, and well-developed, cervical alae of O. pipiens. In the new species, these structures are short, poorly developed, and lack chitinous support. Previous records of species of Oswaldocruzia in Mexico include Oswaldocruzia subauricularis (Rudolphi, 1819) Travassos, 1917 in the Neotropical Realm and O. pipiens in the Nearctic.
A total of 107 leptodactylid frogs representing 6 species, Leptodactylus fuscus (n = 15), Leptodactylus leptodactyloides (n = 9), Leptodactylus mystaceus (n = 2), Leptodactylus ocellatus (n = 31), Leptodactylus petersii (n = 31), and Leptodactylus pustulatus (n = 19), collected in the Brazilian state of Tocantins, were examined for helminths. One species of Digenea (Catadiscus marinholutzi), 6 species of Nematoda (adults of Cosmocerca podicipinus, Ochoterenella scalaris, Oswaldocruzia proencai, and Schrankiana larvata and larvae of Brevimulticaecum sp. and Physaloptera sp.), and 1 species of Acanthocephala (as cystacanths) were found. The mean number of helminth species infecting each frog species was 3.3 ± 2.1 SD, with a range of 1–7. Ten new host records are reported.
We present data on helminths harboured by two sympatric species of Enyalius Wagler, 1830 (E. iheringiii Boulenger, 1885 and E. perditus Jackson, 1978) from the Atlantic Rainforest of the Ilha de São Sebastião, in São Paulo state, southeastern Brazil. Six helminth
species were found in the hosts: five nematodes (Cosmocerca sp., Oswaldocruzia burseyi Durette-Desset, Anjos et Vrcibradic, 2006, Oswaldocruzia fredi Durette-Desset, Anjos et Vrcibradic, 2006, Rhabdias sp., and Strongyluris oscari Travassos, 1923), and one acanthocephalan (Acanthocephalus sp.). Overall helminth prevalences were relatively high for both species [6/6 (100%) for E. iheringii and 9/14 (64%) for E. perditus]. The helminth assemblages from both host species were depauperate and dominated by generalist helminths with direct life-cycles.
Les Oswaldocruzia parasites du tube digestif d'Amphibiens de France sont proches morphologiquement les uns des autres et ont ete confondus sous le nom de O. filiformis. Une deuxieme espece, O. bialata, a cependant ete separee par certains auteurs du fait que les ailes cervicales sont larges. Nous ne l'avons pas trouvee en France mais seulement en Europe centrale. Cependant, l'analyse plus detaillee du synlophe montre qu'il existe en realite, au moins quatre especes (donc deux nouvelles) qui se distinguent surtout par la forme et le nombre des cretes situees en face des champs lateraux, ces cretes formant les ailes cervicales
This chapter introduces trichostrongyloid nematodes as a model for discussing the reconstruction of the phylogeny of a parasitic group. Morphological and biological characters are studied and assessed for their relative phylogenetic importance. On the basis of morphological characters and their presumed evolution, trichostrongyloids are divided into 14 families and 24 subfamilies. The evolutionary trends of each character are analyzed and used to construct a classification that recognizes different phylogenetic lines. A parasitic line may become isolated from its ancestral forms by passing from one host group to another; the isolation may be followed by the evolutionary radiations of variable importance. In the Trichostrongyloidea, the most important characters from a phylogenetic point of view are those of the caudal bursa and synlophe. Using these characters, a number of different evolutionary lines become evident and the degree of evolution of the different genera composing each of those lines can be assessed. The chapter also presents a phylogenetic tree of the Trichostrongyloidea.
A new species of Oswaldocruzia genus (Nematoda, Trichostrongylidae) is described.The new species is named Oswaldocruzia neghmei and was found in the small intestine of the frog Hylorina sylvatica. This new nematode is compared with other species of the genus.
Alguns novos generos e especies de Trichostrongylidae
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que nous remercions egalement pour ses conseils. La nomenclature actuelle des Amphibiens neotropicaux a ete mise a jour par Ie Dr
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des Amphibiens neotropicaux a ete mise a jour par Ie Dr. Annemarie Ohler du
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