An IoT based Approach for Efficient Home Automation with ThingSpeak

Abstract

With passage of time, technology is rapidly
growing. People and daily life processes are highly dependent on
internet. The Internet of Things (IoT) is an area of magnificent
impact, growth and potential with the advent and rapid growth
of smart homes, smart agriculture, smart cities and smart
everything. Internet of Things (IoT) construct an environment in
which everything is integrated and digitalized. People depend on
smart phones and want to do their daily routine tasks in easy and
quick way. Ordinary homes consist of multiple digital appliances
that are controlled or managed by individual remote systems. It’s
very hectic to use multiple individual remotes to control various
component of homes. In current technological era, rather than
home appliances, almost all type of home components available
in digital forms. Various home automation systems with different
specifications and implementations were proposed in literature.
This research objective is to introduce an IoT based approach for
efficient home automation system using Arduino and
ThingSpeak. We have automated almost all essential aspects of
smart home. Proposed system is efficient in terms of low power
consumption, green building and increases the life of digital
appliances. ThingSpeak cloud platform is used to integrate the
home components; analyze and process the data. State of the art
MQTT protocol is implemented for LAN communication. This
paper will provide a path to IoT developers and researchers to
sense, digitalize and control the homes in perspective of future
IoT. Moreover, this work is serving as an instance of how life will
be easier with the help of IoT applications

Full text

(IJACSA) International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications,
Vol. 11, No. 6, 2020
An IoT based Approach for Efficient Home
Automation with ThingSpeak
Mubashir Ali1, Zarsha Nazim2
Department of Software Engineering
Lahore Garrison University
Lahore, Pakistan
Muhammad Haroon4
Department of Computer Science
HITEC University
Taxila, Pakistan
Waqar Azeem3, Khadija Javed6, Maria Tariq7
Department of Computer Science
Lahore Garrison University
Lahore, Pakistan
Aamir Hussain5
Department of Computer Science
Muhammad Nawaz Shareef University of Agriculture
Multan, Pakistan
Abstract—With passage of time, technology is rapidly
growing. People and daily life processes are highly dependent on
internet. The Internet of Things (IoT) is an area of magnificent
impact, growth and potential with the advent and rapid growth
of smart homes, smart agriculture, smart cities and smart
everything. Internet of Things (IoT) construct an environment in
which everything is integrated and digitalized. People depend on
smart phones and want to do their daily routine tasks in easy and
quick way. Ordinary homes consist of multiple digital appliances
that are controlled or managed by individual remote systems. It’s
very hectic to use multiple individual remotes to control various
component of homes. In current technological era, rather than
home appliances, almost all type of home components available
in digital forms. Various home automation systems with different
specifications and implementations were proposed in literature.
This research objective is to introduce an IoT based approach for
efficient home automation system using Arduino and
ThingSpeak. We have automated almost all essential aspects of
smart home. Proposed system is efficient in terms of low power
consumption, green building and increases the life of digital
appliances. ThingSpeak cloud platform is used to integrate the
home components; analyze and process the data. State of the art
MQTT protocol is implemented for LAN communication. This
paper will provide a path to IoT developers and researchers to
sense, digitalize and control the homes in perspective of future
IoT. Moreover, this work is serving as an instance of how life will
be easier with the help of IOT applications.
Keywords—Internet of Things (IoT); home automation;
Arduino; ThingSpeak; sensors; cloud computing; mobile
computing
I. INTRODUCTION
In current era, technology bring people and things towards
adoption of internet. Life dependability on internet is massively
increasing. The Internet of Things (IoT) became a domain of
high potential, impact and learning [1]. Living cost is
increasing day by day. The concentration of researchers is to
implicate machinery to reduce this cost of living. IoT brings
revolution by automation in agriculture [2], [3], sports [4],
health [5], power management [6], industry [7] and assembly
modeling [8], [9]. On the other hand, the increase demand of
services also requires the data storage and exchange in well-
organized way over the internet. IoT improvement has
progressed commonly over the most recent couple of years
since it has added another estimation to the universe of
correspondence and data movements [10]. IoT has done
tremendous achievement and everything is going to be more
smart and intelligent in next few years so ordinary home
system will also move to the platform of IoT [11]. By keeping
in mind, the home automation system will allow the users to
maintain and build the house that keep power consumption low
as well as providing more control over electronic devices [12].
Automated homes will get the benefits of implemented devices
and give permission to control it, either user is present or far
away [13]. A green building is one that is capable to change
according to the environment. It efficiently controls the
available resources of building throughout the life cycle from
location to design, development and ready to use to,
maintenance, redesign to devastation [14]. In closed scope,
smart buildings can be considered green buildings because they
pursue the same goals as at home. Green building must be
economical, ease to use, durable, maintainable and comfortable
by requirements [15]. That is why it just not demands a close
cooperation between design teams, engineers, architects
throughout the project but flexible integration and
communication of all home appliances and components. Home
automation systems provide comforts for handicap people to
use every device without moving. The internet of things has
promised to offer the effective way to store and interchange
data by connecting high speed networks [16] and electronic
sensors with physical devices [17]. The IoT has created the
revolution throughout the world and remarkably it has become
integral part of life [18]. Home Automation uses several
control frameworks to control home machines and tools. With
the help of automation in homes, users have more control over
homes. NodeMCU, Arduino and other microcontroller are used
to make it easy to control home appliances. Multiple sensors
like gas sensor, flex sensor, water sensor, temperature sensor,
soil moisture sensor, etc. are integrated over microcontrollers
to perform specific functionalities [19]. The changing status of
sensors will show the real time utilization or variation of
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system. Appliances status could be seen over cloud platform.
Different engineering challenges like Wi-Fi, TCP/IP [20],
legacy systems, security and privacy concerns of IoT [21] will
be explored before implementation of any IoT based system.
This home automation system will provide great insight of
embedded systems. Fig. 1 shows the concept of home
automation system that how multiple appliances will be
connected and controlled. The concept of connecting and
monitoring the real home appliances with the help of IoT is
discussed in this research paper.
Fig. 1. Concept of Simple Home Automation [18].
This article is divided in to five sections. Section II
extensively reviews the literature to read the available
implementation of home automation systems and IoT concerns
related to automation of homes. Section II also shows the need
of this work by highlighting the motivation considered use
cases. Section III provides detailed understanding with
proposed system design what type of hardware devices,
software tools, cloud and networking infrastructure needed to
develop this system. Moreover, this section also elaborates
experimental setup and environment. Section IV discusses the
results with the help of diagrams and charts. Finally, Section V
concludes the research by highlighting the contribution and
briefs the future direction.
II. LITERATUER REVIEW
Various home automation systems were proposed in
literature with different specifications and functionality. [22]
proposed a home automation by implementing zigbee with
Arduino to control the home appliances. This system controls
small home appliances by using various till date technological
sensors. Users are able to check the status of their home
appliances using web server. A web application is designed to
control and manage the system. Paper proposed by [23] shows
how intelligent home automation is operated and controlled. In
this paper the intelligent home automation system with low
cost is presented by implementing Arduino UNO
microcontroller. There are two main modules that are software
communication module and hardware interface module.
Arduino UNO microcontroller is used which works as micro
web servers and interface of hardware modules and different
sensors also used to sense the environment. [24] developed a
home portal structure for interconnecting home components
with IEEE 1394 AV framework and X10 control line interface
with Internet. This gave remote access limits from Web for
cutting edge AV mechanical components like Digital Video
Camera, Digital VCR related with IEEE 1394 framework and
home machines like TV, work zone light, electric fan related
with X10 controller. A Java based home automation structure
by using World Wide Web [25]. The home devices were
controlled from ports of embedded structure board related with
PC based server at home. Author in [26], in 2005 proposed
Internet based remote control system where home digital
devices are related with slave center point. The slave center
points talk with expert center point through RF and pro center
has successive RS232 interface with PC server. The center
points rely upon PIC 16F877μc. This system is controlled by
web page application. Author in [27] proposed a framework for
controlling home electrical components over the Internet by
using Bluetooth remote advancement to give an association
from the machine to the Internet and Wireless Application
Protocol (WAP) to give a data interface between the Internet
and a phone. Another implementation of smart home is
proposed by [28] using Arduino mega, Relay, RF module,
WIFI module, cloud and mobile application. They are
controlling fan and lights by sensing the environmental factors
and manually by user. Another energy optimized home
automation is proposed by [29] to minimize the energy use in
resource limited environment. This system is based upon
different digital devices like Multiband antenna, HVAC,
Thermal Management, Energy efficient sensors. Energy
optimization is elaborated by using different charts and graphs.
Multiple systems for home automation were developed and
implemented in literature with different scope from complex to
simple systems. A system controlling simple devices like fan
or light is known as simple home automation while the system
controlling heavy devices like automatic intelligent doors is
known as complex system. In many current available systems,
mostly fail to cover the basic functionality of home
automation. Most of the systems do not provide user friendly
environment to control the homes. Appropriate cloud selection
is another perspective for secure and real time monitoring even
the user is outside from home. So there is a need of an efficient
home automation system that deals with above raised concerns
in current high-tech era. Here, we are proposing an IoT based
home automation system using Arduino with ThingSpeak that
address the upraised issues. All other specification of this
system, hardware, software or tools, networking architecture,
cloud selection, mobile application are elaborated in next
section. At initial level, this system implements following
seven use cases.
1) Door Lock Control and Monitoring
2) Curtains Control
3) Light Control and Monitoring
4) Fan Control and Monitoring
5) Power Supply Control
6) Fire Control
7) Automatic Water Tank Filling
8) Environmental Parameters
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The proposed solution is not just cost effective but also it’s
easy and reliable when it comes in the terms of implementation
and programming. All the hardware is integrated over
microcontroller. Other sensors and devices sends data to
microcontroller. These all devices and sensors used in this
system helped in monitoring and controlling home appliances.
This system will provide the real time feedback as user will be
able to check what is happening at home.
III. SYSTEM DESIGN
The proposed system has low cost and efficient monitoring
by utilizing IoT based devices. Different modules are used with
Arduino UNO microcontroller. The home automation system is
offering the features like monitoring the temperature, humidity,
fire, gas and water level in tank. It similarly provides the
switching functionalities that directs different kind of home
appliances and linked with the system used for automation. It is
essential need of today’s era to improve our life condition. It
provides advanced way of life by controlling doors, windows
and curtains according to environmental parameters, all home
appliances from turning on/off lights, fans to power supply and
automatically water tank filling. ThingSpeak cloud is used to
provide real time monitoring and controlling. Arduino can
perceive surroundings with the help of input signals of
different sensors and acts towards surroundings via actuators.
Fig. 2 illustrates the working scenario of proposed system.
Sensors collect data from home appliances and pass to
microcontroller board that directs data to ThingSpeak. A real
time notifications and status of different devices shown to user
via mobile application. User can easily command and manage
the home even from outside the home.
A. Hardware Requirements
Following hardware devices and sensors are used to build
the proposed system:
1) Arduino UNO
2) Servomotor
3) Stepper Motor
4) Light Dependent Resister (LDR)
5) Power Relay Board
6) DC Motor
7) ACS712 Current Sensor
8) Magnetic Sensor
9) Flame sensor
10) Water Level Sensor
11) Temperature Sensor
12) DHT11 Humidity Sensor
13) Soil Moisture Sensor
14) Gas Sensor
a) Arduino UNO: Fig. 3 shows the Arduino UNO that is
microcontroller with Microchip ATmega328P based upon
open source technology [30]. It works as a control board and
contains different set of pins for connecting other boards or
devices with Arduino. Board contain 6 analog and 14 digital
pins and programmed by using Arduino integrated
development environment. Inbuilt WIFI facility is available on
board for connecting with internet. In our system, all the
sensors are integrated over Arduino that sense the data.
Arduino transfer the data over ThingSpeak that offers real-
time updates for user via mobile application or web interface.
Fig. 4 illustrates the proposed design for Arduino
microcontroller that integrates all sensors and other devices on
board. As shown in figure, all sensors are directly connected
with Arduino that sense the data and pass to Arduino board.
The microcontroller collects data from sensors and transfers it
to ThingSpeak cloud. Fans, lights and main power supply has
high voltage so these devices are connected with a power relay
board that control the voltages and pass only bearable voltage
to Arduino for operations. Servomotor are connected with
Arduino and doors/windows that managed by user to initiate
the commands from mobile application. Slide retrofit curtain
system is implemented with curtains and movement of curtains
managed by user from mobile application. The main reason
here to use the Arduino is that, it is low cost in term of price as
well as computation and programming. The integration method
of sensors and other devices over Arduino is explained further
in sub headings.
b) Servomotor: A servomotor shows in Fig. 5 is
designed to control the positioning of specific devices. It is
integrated with sensor to direct the actuator to precisely
control the linear or angular position, acceleration and velocity
[31]. It belongs to special class of motors that are used to build
the closed loop control systems. It’s widely used in automated
systems, CNC systems and robotics. In our system, it is
implemented on doors and windows to lock and control the
movement through Arduino.
Fig. 2. Proposed System.
Fig. 3. Arduino UNO.
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Fig. 4. Proposed Design for Arduino.
Fig. 5. Servomotor.
c) Stepper Motor: Stepper motor is used to control
curtain in automatic manner. It enables the automatic opening
and closing of curtains according to specific times like
morning or evening plus manual control is possible via mobile
application. Servomotor can also be used for curtain control
but it cannot move the curtains with exact torque.
d) Light Dependent Resister (LDR): Fig. 6 shows the
light depended register. LDR is often used in circuits where
it’s important to identify the existence of light level. In this
research paper, we are using LDR to automate the light to
control the switches and checking the present condition of
appliances.
Fig. 6. LDR.
e) Power Relay Board: The most useful thing that can
do with Arduino is to control voltage of appliances like light,
fans, heaters, AC and others. Arduino operates at 5V and can’t
control voltage directly but can be done by using 5V relay to
switch 120-240V. Some relays use electromagnet to operate
automatically the switch nonetheless others use solid state
relays. Fig. 7 shows he single channel 5 voltage relay board.
Fig. 7. Single Channel 5V Relay Board.
Relays are used when it’s necessary to detach low power
signals. When certain event occur relays automatically turn on,
for example when temperature gets higher than 25%. Other
multiple sensors are integrated over Arduino to operate the
system. ACS712 current sensor based upon hall effect principal
is used to measure the both direct and alternative current.
Magnetic sensor is used to determine the variance in magnetic
fields of circuits. Flame sensor is integrated to detect the
presence of fire or flame. The response of flame detector is fast
and efficient rather than heat detector. Water level sensor is
integrated over water tank to measure the level of water. After
circuit level, it actuates signal to water motor for ON and OFF.
DHT11 is a basic humidity sensor for efficient sensing. It is
low cost and does efficient monitoring. It uses capacitive
sensor to check out the environmental midair and releases
advanced indication on information pin. Soil moisture sensor is
used to check the soil parameters of current environment and
generate real time results for decision making. Gas sensor is
used to detect the presence of specific gases and their level in
environment. It is used to check the gas leakage in house.
B. Tools and Protocols
Following Software and tools are used to build the
proposed sy system,
a) Arduino IDE: Arduino Integrated Development
Environment (IDE) is used for functional sensor integration.
Flame sensor attached with Arduino with 3 pin input interface
and enabled with digitalRead() function that detect the
presence of fire. Servomotor is connected with Arduino with 3
pins female connector via 3 jumper wires as shown in circuit
diagram. Servomotor can rotate with 180 degree and we have
set the rotation value in rotateLoop() user defined function
according to our requirement. LDR is integrated with Arduino
and analogRead() function is activated to read the current
values of LDR sensor. Lights will manually or automatically
operated based upon LDR sensor values even if a person is far
away from home. Stepper motor is used to control the exact
movement of curtains manually or automatically by setting
time. motorLoop() function is implemented with conditional
structure of time values and manual control. The input values
of fan switches are controlled manually via mobile application
trigger. The environmental parameters are recorded via
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environmental sensors like humidity, soil moisture and
temperature sensor. Water level sensor is connected with
Arduino and place in water tank. It will detect the level of
water with analogRead() function and water pump will be
started on specific value and off on specific value.
Fig. 8 elaborates the circuit diagram of proposed prototype.
It is used to show the actual integration of system that how
multiple sensors and components are connected with back bone
Arduino. Mostly sensors are operating on 5V so power relays
are used to manage the voltage differences.
b) Wireless Sensors Communication: Wireless
communication of sensory data is required in IoT systems in
effective and secure way [32]. Multiple Wireless Sensor
Network protocols are available for data communication and
transfer with different security features and other parameters.
ThingSpeak communication API is used for sensory data
communication. Data is transmitted over ThingSpeak channel
in private or public manner. ThingSpeak communication API
is based upon REST and MQTT protocol. Typically, the read
and write operating time span is 15 seconds.
Fig. 8. Circuit Diagram.
c) Ionic Framework: Ionic framework is Cordova and
AngularJS based cross platform mobile application
development tool [33]. It provides easy cloud integration by
implementing cloud APIs. Ionic have many distinguished
features like cross platform, JS Components, Angular, Secure,
Cordova, Ionic CLI, Elegant Designs, Native Experience,
High Performance, Web Components, Interactive Paradigm,
Automated Builds, Splash Screens, etc.
d) MATLAB: MATLAB is multipurpose computing
integrated development environment with hundreds of
scientific libraries. It has various distinguished features of data
visualization, plotting functions and comparative graphs.
ThingSpeak provides built-in feature of MATLAB for data
visualization [34]. MALTAB is used by more than 3 billion
users with numerous background of economics, statistics,
science and engineering. We have used MATLAB for data
analytics and triggers are activated against analyzed data.
C. ThingSpeak
ThingSpeak is cloud platform specifically designed for IoT
analytic services with wide range of data visualization options.
It supports live stream data visualization. MATLAB is
integrated with it that makes it highly recommended for IoT
systems [35]. It provides easy configuration with channel
analytics. It collects the sensed data from IoT systems,
preprocess and analyze the data and trigger a reaction
according to set instructions. MATLAB helps to build
predictive triggers and models to automatically react in certain
scenarios.
IV. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Fig. 9 shows the simulated model of proposed home
automation. At initial stage, kitchen and one room is automated
along with main door. Gas sensor and Flame Sensor is
integrated in kitchen at appropriate location. Water tank is also
place in kitchen with water level sensor. Environmental sensors
are integrated both in kitchen and room. Stepper motor is only
integrated with room curtains and servo motor is fixed at main
door. All the sensors and appliances are attached with main
Arduino and real time sensed data is transferred over
ThingSpeak. Data processing and analytics are performed on
cloud and actions are activated as a triggers from mobile
application.
Fig. 9. Simulated Model of Proposed Smart Home.
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Fig. 10 shows the implementation of proposed approach.
As discussed earlier and elaborated in circuit diagram, all the
sensors are integrated with Arduino. The sensed data is
transferred over ThingSpeak. Mobile application fetches the
real time statistics from cloud. All the triggers are imitated
from mobile application. Triggers refer to manual control of
lights, fans, curtains and door.
Fig. 11 shows the dashboard of custom designed mobile
application for home automation. The first activity of mobile
app authenticates the user via channel id and password. Main
dashboard activity is appeared after validation of the
credentials. Dashboard shows the real time statistics from
ThingSpeak. The current status of all appliances and sensors
are visible via mobile application. User can manually operate
any appliance via mobile application. Furthermore, user will be
able to check the current environmental factors of home even if
away from home. Main door, room curtains, lights and fans can
be operated via mobile application. Water tank option show the
current level of water in the tank. Fire alarm is activated if
flame sensor detects high intensity flame within range.
Fig. 10. Smart Home Implementation.
Fig. 11. Dashboard of Home Automation.
Fig. 12 shows the fan control option of proposed home
automation system. The fan control option of dashboard leads
to this activity. Initially the digital fans of living room and
kitchen is automated. Digital fan supports multiple speed
levels. User can easily on/off or set speed at multiple levels.
Same as light, curtain and door is manually controlled by user.
The graph in Fig. 13 illustrates the profile of environmental
factors. Environmental factors include temperature and relative
humidity. In graph, x-axis shows the time slots while the y-axis
shows temperature and humidity values. Graph shows the
comparative temperature and humidity of kitchen and living
room. This profile of temperature and humidity is taken form
ThingSpeak.
Fig. 12. Fan Control.
Fig. 13. Temperature and Humidity Profile.
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V. CONCLUSION
This paper provides a state of the art method of home
automation with ThingSpeak platform. ThingSpeak provides
improved security, data management and data visualization.
Wiring and switching cost is reduced by utilizing wireless
networks. Power consumption also condensed inside the
building when loads condition is off. The sensed data is
analyzed at cloud and real time statistics provided via mobile
application. A prototype is implemented to elaborate the
performance and functionality of proposed approach. Fans,
lights, curtains and door are automated. Home appliances can
be easily controlled via mobile application. Furthermore, the
proposed system provides the real time statistics of
environmental factors.
In future, we will improve this system by reducing delay
time, adding speech recognition, system automation by history
learning and by security features. Furthermore, biosensors will
be integrated within home to monitor and control air for better
health.
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