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International Journal of Applied Engineering Research ISSN 0973-4562 Volume 12, Number 11 (2017) pp. 2731-2737
© Research India Publications. http://www.ripublication.com
2731
Towards the Design and Implementation a Smart Home Automation System
Based on Internet of Things Approach
Mohamed S. Soliman1,2, Majed O. Dwairi1,3,Iman I. M. Abu Sulayman1, Sami H. A. Almalki1
1Department of Electrical Engineering, Taif University, Taif, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
2Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Energy Engineering, Aswan University, Aswan, Egypt.
3Department of Communication Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Technology, Al-Balqa’ Applied University, Jordan.
Abstract
This paper presents a design concept for smart home
automation system based on the idea of the internet of things
(IoT) technology. The proposed system has two scenarios
where first one is denoted as a wireless based and the second
is a wire-line based scenario. Each scenario has two
operational modes for manual and automatic use. In Case of
the wireless scenario, Arduino-Uno single board
microcontroller as a central controller for home appliances is
applied. Cellular phone with Matlab-GUI platform for
monitoring and controlling processes through Wi-Fi
communication technology is addressed. For the wire-line
scenario, field-programmable gate array (FPGA) kit as a main
controller is used. Simulation and hardware realization for the
proposed system show its reliability and effectiveness.
Keywords: Smart Home; Arduino-Uno; Matlab-GUI platform;
Manual mode; Automatic mode; FPGA
INTRODUCTION
Recently, man’s work and life are increasingly tight with the
rapid growth in communications and information technologies.
Internet of things (IOT) concept will cause a revolution in
informational society which will reflect on the human being’s
way of life as well as challenged the traditional residence.
Followed by the rapid economic expansion, living standard
keeps raising up day by day that made the people have a higher
requirement for dwelling functions. The modern society brings
varied information where safe, comfortable and convenient life
has become the ideal for new technology end-users. For that,
the internet of things technology becomes a hot research topic
especially it will become the main feature for the coming 5G
communication technology [1-4].
It is will know that the concept of smart home has focused the
attention of researchers, lifestyle practitioners, and the
consumers to be directed forward the usage of the recent
technology. Considerable efforts have been made to the
development of remote control systems for home automation.
The earlier work of such systems are mainly based on the use
of phones, such as a phone-based system for home automation
using remote controlling some of them based on a personal
computer approach[5,6]. These kinds of systems which make
use of the phone as the remote control input device have some
way to be connected through any user interface. The
proliferation of telecommunications technology has made most
of recent home automation scenarios focus on using wireless
communication to communicate the home appliances.
The concepts of modern smart home are referred to the home
automation systems which are designed based on deferent
technologies. One of the modern designed systems work with
the new wireless technologies like a Bluetooth, GSM, RF Zig-
Bee ,…etc for remote control household devices [7-13]. It has a
limit for the area of home control.
Pavana H. in [14] was used the PLC to build the monitoring
and controlling system by sending the data based on wireless
device. R. A. Ramlee in [15] has introduced the idea of using
Bluetooth wireless technology as a cable replacement that
exploited the wireless interconnectivity which can be
implemented using android system to control the home devices.
Nausheen Belim in [16] has designed a home automation
system that used switch ON and OFF to get the status of the
home appliances by using computer based on Zigbee wireless
technology. System that uses a GSM-Bluetooth based
controller and remote monitoring system is proposed in [17].
This system is scalable and permitted any number of different
appliances to be added with no major changes in its core. But
this system is not efficient in some situations that required
strong real-time applications. Carl et.al. in [18] has proposed a
cost effective and flexible automation system that implemented
through FPGA controller and mobile phone Bluetooth network.
This method provides a parallel implementation of hardware
results using fast algorithm execution. A WiFi based
automation system is also implemented in [19] where a
microcontroller and WiFi technology for appliances remote
control have been used. They showed that from point of view
of the scalability and flexibility are better than those methods
using the commercially available home automation systems.
Zhang et.al. in [20] showed that a home automation system
based on electric power communication (PLC) that uses
household electric wire for communication and internet control
with logging facilities. Although this system procedure
overcome the shortcomings of communications techniques, but
still need some improvement. Some of them use the PC as
interface of the system which is limiting the using for find the
PC to run the system [21]. A.J Patilin [22] discusses the
approach of real-time system development using the LabView
platform. The system can monitor the home devices. Sandeep
Kumar in [23] design the application of AI is limited as most
of the part can be designed and implemented using some
electronic circuit which make this system is more complicated.
International Journal of Applied Engineering Research ISSN 0973-4562 Volume 12, Number 11 (2017) pp. 2731-2737
© Research India Publications. http://www.ripublication.com
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Sharon Panth discusses the home automation system using
Android for mobile phone based on the inbuilt Bluetooth
facility which referred us to the limitation in use area [24].
Investigated the problem of cost- effectively arranging
network objects to form a green IoT by proposing a novel
deployment scheme for achieving green networked IoT.
Experimental analysis for energy consumption and smart
location-based automated energy control framework designs
resulting creating an intelligent home space, and low cost
ubiquitous sensing system [25-27]. In [28] presented and
analyzed object group localization in IoT scenarios using
object group mobility OGM to increase location accuracy and
reduce the consumption of network resources. Arduino
modules with Smartphone was used to implement some
controllable devices by raising the smartphone to point to a
device, the phone’s screen automatically pops out on the
control panel of the device, the scheme was evaluated through
simulation and hardware implementation successfully[29]. In
[30], an evaluation study based on the ability of users to install
their own smart home in a box (SHiB) is proposed. The results
show the effectiveness and limitations of the proposed SHiB
design. In [31], the load balancing and the related IT
architecture for monitoring and controlling of distributed smart
grad energy systems are based on the smart metering and
smart home technologies.
Based on all the preceding materials, a design concept for a
smart home automation system is proposed. The system has
two scenarios where first one is a wireless based and the
second is a wire-line based. Each scenario has two operational
modes for manual and automatic use. An Arduino-Uno single
board microcontroller as a central controller for home
appliances is applied for the proposed wireless scenario.
Cellular phone with Matlab-GUI platform for monitoring and
controlling processes through Wi-Fi communication
technology is addressed. For the wire-line scenario, field-
programmable gate array (FPGA) kit as a main controller is
used. To support our claim, Simulation and hardware
realization for the proposed system is developed to verify the
effectiveness and the limitations of the proposed system.
The remainder of this paper is organized as follows: section 2
describes the design aspects of the proposed wireless smart
home automation system. The system hardware
implementation and its results are presented in section
3.Section 4 introduced the proposed wire-line scenario.
Finally, the conclusions of this paper are reported in section 5.
WIRELESS SCENIRO
The core of the proposed wireless smart home automation
system consists of two main hardware components: the PC
home main server and the Arduino uno microcontroller board
which introduce a variety of digital and analog inputs, serial
interface and digital and PWM outputs. It is connected and
communicated with the PC through a USB cable. Also, it has
free software. The architecture of the proposed system is shown
in figure 1. A PC home includes the Matlab-GUI platform
management and Arduino uno control algorithm that enables
the user to remotely access the home appliances through
cellular phone. Some appliances and sensors are connected to
ports of the microcontroller board. The home Appliances can
be monitored and accessed remotely by user cellular phone.
Figure 1. Proposed wireless home automation system
architecture.
The proposed two operation modes of the system can also
manage by using a designed Matlab-GUI interface which is
appear in the screen of mobile phone and allow any user to
control the home devices from any place of the world and in
any time. The Arduino uno kit added to the system many
advantages because it connect to computer by USB cable , one
of these advantages is cheaper than a lot of electronic devises
control , easy to program, variety of digital and analog
inputs/outputs give the designers more idea to develop and
increase the system applications.
Figure 2 and 3 illustrate the flow chart diagrams for the
program implemented in Arduino uno kit microcontroller. The
flows chart in figure 2 shows the automatic scenario which the
arduino uno kit will manage and process the home devices by
using the signals which is coming from sensors. In this scenario
the user can only monitor the system from Matlab-GUI in the
screen of his mobile phone.
The second flow chart shown in figure 3 for the manual mode,
In this case the user can manage and monitor the home devices
by selecting the device from Matlab-GUI and turn ON/OFF,
the arduinuo uno kit in this scenario will detect the status of the
home devices to inform the user about the device condition.
Figure 2. Flow chart for the proposed automatic mode.
International Journal of Applied Engineering Research ISSN 0973-4562 Volume 12, Number 11 (2017) pp. 2731-2737
© Research India Publications. http://www.ripublication.com
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Figure 3. Flow chart for the proposed manual mode.
HARDWARE IMPLEMENTATION
To validate the performance of the proposed system a hardware
implementation is done.
1. Manual-mode implementation:-
In figure 4, the hardware implementation for manual mode is
illustrated. For any home device the user can remotely control
it by using ON or OFF buttons in Matlab-GUI software
interface which is appear in mobile screen.
Figure 4. Proposed system manual scenario scheme.
2. Automatic –mode implementation :-
In figure 5, the hardware implementation for automatic mode is
illustrated. The automation of the home devices is controlled by
arduino uno kit based on the signals which is coming
constantly from the sensors. Two home devices is taken and
implement as examples.
The first one is the cooling system in the house. The suitable
electronic sensor for this case is TMP36 temperature sensor. In
the Arduino Uno kit programming the temperature is setting up
to be down of 30oC, when any factor change the temperature of
the home the main controlling item " Arduino Uno kit " will
take the suitable decision to stay the temperature in 30oC. For
example, if the temperature increase above of 30oC the suitable
decision here to turn ON the fan to reduce the temperature. In
other hand, if the temperature decrease blows the 30oC the
suitable decision is to turn OFF the fan to raise the temperature.
See figure 5.
(a)
(b)
Figure 5. Temperature automatic mode system.
a. temperature is below of 30oC,
b. temperature is above of 30oC
International Journal of Applied Engineering Research ISSN 0973-4562 Volume 12, Number 11 (2017) pp. 2731-2737
© Research India Publications. http://www.ripublication.com
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The second one is Lighting system in the house; Light
Dependent Resistor (LDR) is detecting sensor for the light state
which is selected in this case. The LDR helps the Arduino Uno
kit to detect the light state at home by sending the signal
constantly for make a good deal with the state light. In other
words, when the dark occur at home the light system at home
will turn on by Arduino Uno kit and vice versa with the light
state and the good deal from Arduino Uno kit. See figure 6.
Figure 6. Light automatic system.
WIRE-LINE SCENARIO
This section describes the complete wire-line based home
automation system operating in two different modes; manual
mode and self-automated mode. The block diagram of the
system developed is shown in figure 7. It includes an open
phone call line circuits, dual tone multi-frequency (DTMF) or
touch-tone circuit, Feedback tone circuit, a central FPGA
controller that communicates with all elements through
interfacing circuits, and a number of appliances and sensors
connected to the FPGA.
Figure 7. Proposed block diagram of the wire-line automation
system.
DTMF as the name suggests uses a combination of two sine
wave tones to represent a key. These tones are called row and
column frequencies as they correspond to the layout of a
phones keypad. It is used to select the modes also for
monitoring and controlling the devices in manual mode.
The proposed system can be implemented on the XILINX
FPGA kit [32] by using the VHDL code. FPGA is a device that
contains a matrix of reconfigurable gate array logic circuitry.
When an FPGA is configured, the internal circuitry is
connected in a way that creates a hardware implementation of
the software application. One of the primary means for
programming FPGAs is VHDL (Very High Speed Integrated
Circuit hardware description language). In VHDL, a design
consists at a minimum of an entity which describes the
interface and an architecture which contains the actual
implementation as shown in figure 8.
(a)
(b)
Figure 8. FPGA kit.
a. Real kit, b. Block diagram of the kit
1. The manual mode
The appliances in home are remotely controlled using
phone calling or voice calling. The user can control the devices
by using DTMF system as shown in figure 9. The user can set
the system in manual mode (mode 1) and identify the password
of the system by calling the home telephone number, after that
he will hear the feedback tone to enter the password (4 digits),
International Journal of Applied Engineering Research ISSN 0973-4562 Volume 12, Number 11 (2017) pp. 2731-2737
© Research India Publications. http://www.ripublication.com
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If the password is correct, the correct action (confirmation)
tone will be heard. Otherwise, the failed action tone will be
heard. Then the password needed to be re-enter again
(maximum three trials are allowed).
If the password is accepted then enter the number of the
appliance to be controlled, after hearing the feedback tone the
status of the device will be defined. To control another
appliance, the related telephone keypad number for each
appliance need to be known. The number for each appliance is
arranged as in table 1.
Figure 9. Manual mode.
Table I. THE ARRANGEMENT OF THE APPLIANCES ACCORDING TO
THE TELEPHONE KEYPAD NUMBERS.
Appliance
Number
Air condition
0
Open door sensor
1
Security alarm (On)
2
Home light (On/Off)
3
Light /Dark sensor
4
Smoke alarm
5
Baby cry sensor
6
2. The Self-automated mode
In case of the self-automated mode, the system needs to be set
for mode 0. In such a case, the appliances are automatically
controlled. The self-automated mode process is shown in figure
10. Table 2 illustrates the action and reaction processes for such
cases.
Table II. MODE (0) ACTIONS AND REACTIONS
Action
Reaction
High temperature
Air condition
ON
Low temperature
Air condition
OFF
Smoke detection
Smoke alarm
ON
Water detection
Alarm
ON
Light detection
Home light
OFF
Dark detection
Home light
ON
Open door detection
Open door alarm
ON
Figure 10. Self-automated mode.
The Very High Speed Integrated Circuit (VHSIC) Hardware
Description Language (VHDL) code is developed to model the
proposed home automation system (mode 1 and mode
0).VHDL test beches were designed to test all the developed
VHDL code to verify the correct operation of the designed
system. The timing diagram for each mode self and automatic
is obtained as simulation for the VHDL code of the proposed
system. For the self automated mode simulation the system
will control the household appliances automatically by the
response signals which come from the sensors as illustrated in
the simulation of figure 11.
International Journal of Applied Engineering Research ISSN 0973-4562 Volume 12, Number 11 (2017) pp. 2731-2737
© Research India Publications. http://www.ripublication.com
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Figure 11. Self automated mode timing diagram.
The other hand of the system can be take place in simulation
by the timing diagram for the VHDL code. By one security
user condition, the password was entered successfully from
user as considered. The manual mode simulation timing
diagram gives the concept of the user control for the system by
the keypad of the phones or telephone land. For example, the
thermal option is consider as 4 number in the keypad. Also the
numbers 1 and 2 in the keypad of the phones is consider as on
and off respectively for the appliances status control. As the
note is seen in the figure 12 when the DTMF of the key pad
equal to 4 the system is ready to receive the command on or
off from the user (1 or 2). The user can monitor the
temperature before taking the decision to run or stop the air
condition. By the tone 1 and 2 the user knows the temperature
level. If the temperature level above 30 Co degree, the tone 1
will be on (1). Otherwise the tone 2 will be on (1). After that
the user can take the right decision to press 1 or 2, in other
word to run the air condition or to
stop it. If the user press 1
the air condition will be on (1). Otherwise the user presses 2
and the air condition will be off (0).
Figure 12. Manual mode timing diagram.
CONCLUSION
In this paper, a design concept for smart home automation
system based on the idea of the internet of things (IoT)
technology has been obtained. The proposed system provided
two scenarios where first one was a wireless based in which
users can monitor and control their home appliances from
anywhere over the world using cellular phone through Wi-Fi
communication technology. The second scenrio was a wire-
line based which depend on the land-telphone line potrocal.
Each scenario has two operational modes for manual and
automatic use. Simulation and hardware realization for the
proposed system show its reliability and effectiveness. The
implemented system was a simple, low cost and flexible that
can be expanded and scaled up. A future improvement can be
added to the proposed system using wireless sensor
technologies. The proposed system can be developed and
fabricated as a commercial hardware package.
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