STUDY ON PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PARAMETERS OF KELAVARAPALLY DAM OF TAMIL NADU)

Abstract

Present paper deals with the study of Physico-chemical parameters of Kelavarapally Dam , (Krishnagiri district, Tamil Nadu). Monthly variations in the physical and chemical parameters such as temperature, pH (6.2 to 7.8), Dissolved Oxygen (1.7-6.4 mg/L), Total alkalinity (182 to 390mg/L), Chlorides (55 to 215 mg/L), Phosphate (0.23 to 15.4mg/L) Fluoride (0.04-1.26 mg/L)
,Calsium (88.0-308 mg/L) etc ,were investigated. All the parameters were beyond the permissible limits.

Full text

Introduction
Water is one of the most important and abundant compounds of
the ecosystem. All living organisms on the earth need water for their
survival and growth. As of now ,Earth is the only planet having
about 70 % of water. But due to increased human population,
industrialization, use of fertilizers in the agriculture and man-made
activity it is highly polluted with different harmful contaminants
(Ramachandra Mohan 2018).Pollution of water is measured by
assessing the physiochemical parameters of water (Ramachandra
moh an et al 201 2). Physico -chemical ana lysis is the prim e
consideration to assess the quality of water for its best utilization like
drinking, irrigation, sheries, and industrial purpose and helpful in
understanding the complex processes, interaction between the
climatic and biological processes in the water (Salve and Hiware
2006).
The objective of the present study was to assess the WATER QUALITY
since the sewage water from Bangalore are percolate to down
streem of Kelvarapally Dam, (Krishnagiri district, Tamil Nadu) by
estimating the various physicochemical parameters like pH,
Temperature, Total Dissolved solids, Total Alkalinity, Total Hardness,
Phosphate, Nitrate, Turbidity, Fluoride, Chloride, Dissolved Oxygen,
Iron and Conductivity and their ecosystem are essentioal Therefore
the present work was proposed.
Materials and Methods
Study area
The study area is of Kelvarapally Dam, (Krishnagiri district, Tamil
Nadu) which is located in krishnagiri, tamil nadu, india. The
Latitude and Longitude of kelavarapalli dam is 12.7704
and 77.8757 respectively. 12.7704 Latitude and 77.8757. Study was
conducted from September (2016)- December (2017). Water sample
from the lake was collected every month. The Water samples were
immediately brought to the Laboratory for the Estimation of various
Physico- chemical parameters. The physical parameters such as
Tempe rature of Air, Water and p H were recorded by u sing
Thermometer and Digital pH Meter (Systronics) respectively. The
transparency of water to light was measured by using Secchi disc.
The chemical parameters of water such as Dissolved Oxygen, Total
Alkalinity, Hardness, Chlorides, Sulphates and Total Dissolved Solids
etc. were determined by standard methods in the laboratory as per
the standard method APHA (2005).
A STUDY ON PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PARAMETERS OF KELAVARAPALLY DAM OF
TAMIL NADU)
Original Research Paper
Veena S S
Principal, Royal Institute of Nursing, Jaito Sarja, Batala 143505, India
M. Ramachandra
Mohan
Lake management and Water Quality Research Unit, Department of Zoology,
Jnana Bharathi Campus, Bangalore University, Bangalore-560056, India
X 383GJRA - GLOBAL JOURNAL FOR RESEARCH ANALYSIS
Biological Science
Present paper deals with the study of Physico-chemical parameters of Kelavarapally Dam , (Krishnagiri district, Tamil
Nadu). Monthly variations in the physical and chemical parameters such as temperature, pH (6.2 to 7.8), Dissolved
Oxygen (1.7-6.4 mg/L), Total alkalinity (182 to 390mg/L), Chlorides (55 to 215 mg/L), Phosphate (0.23 to 15.4mg/L) Fluoride (0.04-1.26 mg/L)
,Calsium (88.0-308 mg/L) etc ,were investigated. All the parameters were beyond the permissible limits.
ABSTRACT
KEYWORDS : Water; Physico-chemical parameters; Kelvarapally Dam
IF : 5.156 | IC Value : 85.78
VOLUME-7, ISSUE-5, MAY-2018 • ISSN No 2277 - 8160
Month
Temp
(0 c)
Ph
Cond.
(μmhos/cm)
Turbity
(mg/l)
Tds
(mg/l)
Ca
(mg/)
Chloride
(mg/l)
Ta
(mg/l)
Sulphate
(mg/l)
Fluoride
(mg/l)
Phospha
te (mg/l)
Do (mg/)
Cod(mg/
l )
Bod(mg/
l)
Aug
27.1
7.2
1492
9.8
988
241
212
284
25
0.05
3.8
6.04
36
5.8
Sep
27.4
7.1
1148
2.8
758
88
178
296
19.4
1.0
5.1
5.8
34
6.0
Oct
28.1
7.5
1158
3.0
753
168
181
304
22.2
1.26
6.0
6.3
24
6.0
Nov
26.8
7.1
1156
3.4
756
149
175
302
20.1
1.16
5.9
6.4
21
6.3
Dec
25.6
6.8
1328
0.4
846
176
180
324
30.4
0.74
14.8
5.6
34.0
4.4
Jan
24.9
7.1
1310
0.5
845
180
146
348
38
0.87
15.4
5.8
42.1
4.0
Feb
25.7
6.2
1306
12.8
843
286
198
268
20
0.04
5
1.44
158
44
Mar
28.4
6.7
1308
13.3
860
308
215
390
28
0.06
6
1.7
188
48
April
27.9
7.4
1467
15.6
965
244
165
315
27
0.9
4
4.8
48
8
May
29.3
7.2
1428
14.8
884
98
158
296
21
1.0
3
3.8
44
6.9
June
29.0
7.8
782
3.1
513
240
55
182
5.1
0.3
0.23
3.8
172
44
July
27.4
7.2
449
11.4
224
98
74
186
21.4
0.4
3.1
3.4
8.9
5.2
Min
24.9
6.2
449
0.4
224
88
55
182
5.1
0.04
0.23
1.7
8.9
4.0
Max
29.3
7.8
1492
15.6
988
308
215
390
38
1.26
15.4
6.4
188
6.9
Mean
27.3
7.1
1194
8.9
769
189.6
161.4
291.2
23.1
0.64
6.02
4.5
67.4
15.7

384 X GJRA - GLOBAL JOURNAL FOR RESEARCH ANALYSIS
Results and Discussion
The data on physico-chemical analysis of Kelvarapally Dam water
has been given in Table No.1
Physical parameters
Temperature: During the study period water temperature varied
0
from 24.0 C±0.33.0C to 29°±0.560C. The maximum temperature
(29°C) was observed during the month of January , 2016 and
minimum temperature (24°C) was observed during the month of
December, 2017. Jayabhaye et al., 2005 and Salve and Hiware, 2006
observed that during summer, water temperature was high due to
low water level and clear atmosphere.
Turbidity: The turbidity ranged from 0.4-15.6 NTU units. The
maximum value (15.6 NTU units) observed during the month of Dec,
2016 and minimum value (9.4 NT units) was observed during the
month of September, 2017. Similar result was observed by Manjare
et al., 2010 turbidity of water uctuated from 0.41± 0.02 NTU to 3.51
± 0.72 NTU.
Total dissolved solids [TDS]: During the present study, the TDS
wavered from 224 mg/L to 988 mg/L. The higher value of total
dissolved solids found in the month of Aug (988 mg/L) and lower
value found during the month of July (224 mg/L). Alaka, 2014
reported that the amount of total dissolved solids detected from
water sample at Borgaon was 347.16 mg/L to 738.0 mg/L.
Electrical Conductivity [EC] : The electrical conductivity in the
water of the pond analyzed during the study period has been found
to be uctuating between 449 and 1492 mho/cm. Kashyap, (2016)
analysed the Ramnai (Rewa Rural) drinking water for EC and
reported that 180 mho/cm.
Chemical parameters
pH: During the present investigation, the pH of the water sample
ranged from 6.2 in the month of Feb , 2016 to 7.8 in the month of
June, 2017. This range indicates that the water is alkaline in nature.
Similar nding was observed by Joshi et al., 2009 pH of the Ganga
River at Haridwar was slightly alk aline. It ranged from 7.06 to
8.35 The Dissolved Oxygen value range d Diss olved oxygen:
between 1.7-6.4 mg/L. Lowest values were recorded during March
2016 . Meme et al.,( 2014) reported the range of Dissolved Oxygen
was 6.02 to 7.01 mg/l at Oinyi River, Nigeria.
Biological Oxygen Demand : The Biological Oxygen Demand
value ranged between4-69 mg/L. Lowest values were recorded
during November 2016 .
Chemical Oxygen Demand: The Chemical oxygen Demand value
ranged between 8.9-188 mg/L. Lowest values were recorded during
November 2016 .
Phosphate: The phosphate value ranged between 0-23.-15.4
mg/L. Lowest values were recorded during November 2016 .
Fluoride: The uoride value ranged between 0.04-1.26 mg/L.
Lowest values were recorded during July 2016 .
Total Alkalinity: The Total Alkalinity value ranged between 182-
390 mg/L. Lowest values were recorded during June 2016 .
Chloride: The Chloride value ranged between 55-215 mg/L. Lowest
values were recorded during June 2016
Conclusion
A study of Physico-chemical parameters of Kelvarapally Dam of (
Krishnagiri District, Tamil Nadu ) was ca rried o ut by takin g
important parameters like Temperature, pH, Dissolved Oxygen,
Total Alkalinity, Total Hardness, Chlorides, Phosphate, etc., for the
period of August 2016 to July 2017. In the present investigation pH,
Total Alkalinity, Total Hardness, Chloride etc., were beyond the
permissible limit. Hence, Kelvarapally Dam water is considered as
polluted water. The physico-chemical characteristics of Kelvarapally
Dam water suggests that, it is harmful for pisciculture, irrigation and
drinking purposes.
Acknowledgment
The authors wish to thank U G C for providing Financial Assistance to
carry out this research work.
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IF : 5.156 | IC Value : 85.78
VOLUME-7, ISSUE-5, MAY-2018 • ISSN No 2277 - 8160