Handbook of psychophysiology
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... GSR was detected over a 4-minute time window (comprehending the baseline, the interaction with either the human or the robotic agent, and stimulus presentation) to determine participants' emotional states during the product presentation. iMotions 9.1 software was used for data acquisition and synchronization of the neuro-tools signals (Cacioppo et al. 2007). ...
... Then, the presence of peaks and the peak amplitude were calculated as the sum of the response amplitudes of all participants' responses over each simulation. Because the GSR signal is highly subject-dependent, i.e., the average skin conductance varies significantly between individuals (Lin et al. 2011;Nourbakhsh et al. 2017), we calibrated each feature of each subject, normalized the signal, and then we calculated the square root of the peak amplitude for each participant (Lang 1995;Cacioppo et al. 2007;Boucsein 2012). ...
Luxury retailers are increasingly considering the introduction of service robots in their stores to enhance the value proposition and reshape the dynamics of both the service encounter and the customer experience. Although the literature recognizes the social presence of robots in service encounters, little empirical research compares humans and service robots related to luxury. In addition, further research is needed to investigate the emotional responses of young customers, like Generation Z, to a technology-infused servicescape and to explore the value of service robots as a social presence in luxury stores. A 2×2 mixed methods experimental design was developed to test the research hypotheses. The study was conducted in a laboratory with 116 participants randomly assigned to one of four experimental conditions: approaching vs. non-approaching behavior with a service robot or a human sales assistant. Self-reports and neurophysiological responses (skin conductance) were collected to measure their responses during the service encounter. The results show that a human or a service robot approaching the customer can lead to greater positive affective states and emotional responses than a human or a service robot not approaching. In addition, we found that young customers do not differentiate between human sales assistants and service robots. However, the customers’ level of immersion in the flow, understanding of the message, and happiness are higher with a human sales assistant. Finally, the absence of any interaction (non-approaching) during the service encounter leads to a negative reaction to a human sales assistant compared to a service robot, showing the importance of personalized and deep connections in luxury service.
... Weight, height, and waist-to-hip measurements were taken, and electrodes for electrocardiogram (ECG) assessment were placed. Subsequently, participants were instructed to wait 10 min without any specific instruction on breathing or keeping their eyes open or closed [32]. After that, the ECG electrodes were removed, and participants filled in the General Decision-Making Style questionnaire and sociodemographic data. ...
Decision-making styles are a habit-based propensity that drive behavior and affect daily life. Rational and intuitive decision-making styles have been associated with good mental health. However, the underlying mechanisms are not clear. In the last decade, high basal levels of heart rate variability (HRV) have been proposed as an index of health and emotional control, and this could be one of the variables involved in the effects of decision making on health. Therefore, the aim of this study is to analyze the capability of decision-making styles to predict resting HRV. A cross-sectional study was conducted in a sample of 199 (119 women) young university students, and a resting ECG was recorded to extract frequency domain HRV variables. Subsequently, participants completed sociodemographic data and the General Decision-Making Style questionnaire (GDMS). Results showed that the intuitive style predicted high-frequency HRV, while the avoidant style predicted less low-frequency HRV. This study presents new data on the relationship between decision-making style and HRV, suggesting that the intuitive style has a cardioprotective effect, while the avoidant style is related to lower HRV, which has been associated with health vulnerability. In conclusion, this study contributes to the understanding of HRV and its potential as a biomarker for cognitive styles that may improve health.
... Mathematics makes possible to study dependencies between different and possibly uncorrelated quantities (for example, characteristics of consciousness and unconscious), but does not guarantee the possibility of finding a relationship, if the quantities being studied are really independent. Vibraimage technology (Minkin, 2007;2020;Minkin, Nikolaenko, 2008), like any other psychophysiological technology (Cacioppo, Tassinary, Berntson, 2007) study psychophysiological responses (PPR), allows to capture unconscious response (physiological signal) simultaneously with conscious response and explore the relationship and correlation between them (Minkin, Blank, 2021). Most of the studies show a low level of correlation between conscious and unconscious responses (Pavlov, 1951;Gaal et al., 2010;Greenwald, Banaji, 2017), and in this study I will look at a specific example -why the loss of correlation between known quantities occurs when using conscious responses to questionnaires. ...
The database of 1002 subjects testing by Blitz Judgment program is analyzed with the known dependence between psychophysiological (unconscious) responses (PPR) for the stimuli of multiple intelligences (MI) and personality vices (PV). The source PPR values proportional to the stimuli relevance for the subject, measured in information-physical quantities-vibra, are normalized similar to conscious response of the subjects. Normalized unconscious response is considered as ideal conscious response. Comparative analysis of PPR correlation for MI and PV stimuli showed high level of correlation (r=0.8) for source PPR and the low level of correlation (r=0.24) for normalized PPR. The reasons for the loss of correlation for normalizing PPR values are analyzed. Personal subjectivity in determining PPR zero and sensitivity, occurs during formation of conscious responses to questionnaires, considered as the main reason for the distortion of the dependence between PPR variables. It was concluded that the subjects' conscious responses to questionnaires are insufficient for the correct assessment of personality traits and unconscious responses are more informative than conscious. Introduction During processing the statistical material of normalized and non-normalized psychophysiological responses calculated by Blitz Judgment program (Minkin, Akimov, Shchelkanova, 2024), was obtained the result regarding the difference between conscious and unconscious responses, which I decided to highlight in this separate article. Modern psychology is based on conscious responses to questions as a historical method of obtaining information about a personality (Eysenck, 1972), and most methods for studying personality traits use questionnaires based on the conscious responses of subjects (Cattell, 1946; Goldberg, 1990; Cox et al. al., 2009; Zondi, 2017). At the same time, starting with Freud, who introduced the concept of the unconscious into psychology (Freud, 1900), many psychologists are trying to extract information about the unconscious from the conscious responses and answers of subjects to questionnaires. Mathematics makes possible to study dependencies between different and possibly uncorrelated quantities (for example, characteristics of consciousness and unconscious), but does not guarantee the possibility of finding a relationship, if the quantities being studied are really independent. Vibraimage technology (Minkin, 2007; 2020; Minkin, Nikolaenko, 2008), like any other psychophysiological technology (Cacioppo, Tassinary, Berntson, 2007) study psychophysiological responses (PPR), allows to capture unconscious response (physiological signal) simultaneously with conscious response and explore the relationship and correlation between them (Minkin, Blank, 2021). Most of the studies show a low level of correlation between conscious and unconscious responses (Pavlov, 1951; Gaal et al., 2010; Greenwald, Banaji, 2017), and in this study I will look at a specific example-why the loss of correlation between known quantities occurs when using conscious responses to questionnaires. The main mathematical difference between the subject's conscious and unconscious responses to stimuli is the level of PPR normalization. The conscious response is usually normalized, for example in percentage or by the discreteness of the proposed questionnaire. The unconscious response is usually source (raw) or nonnormalized and is reflected by physical or information-physical value of the measured physiological parameter. The purpose of this study is comparative analysis of correlation results between psychophysiological responses to stimuli of multiple intelligences and personality vices for normalized (conscious, in percentage or discrete values) and nonnormalized (unconscious, in physical or information-physical units) psychophysiological responses.
... This makes it inappropriate to use adrenocortical attunement as an indicator of synchrony during short in-lab conversations, where changes are unfolding between partners in matters of seconds and minutes. Although skin conductance (SC) affords more temporal resolution than measuring HPA-axis responses, skin conductance is better suited to studies with discrete stimuli presentation (Cacioppo et al., 2007). Moreover, skin conductance is assessed most typically via finger sensors, whereas PEP uses ECG censors and impedance cardiography tapes on the chest. ...
During times of stress, we look to close others for support. Social support conversations are critical for relationship maintenance and well-being. Yet, certain ways of talking about problems-such as co-ruminating-can exacerbate stress. Since social support and co-rumination are both dyadic processes, it is important to examine physiological responses during these conversations in a dyadic manner. Little research has examined physiological synchrony of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) during social support conversations or co-ruminative conversations. The current research capitalizes on an experimental manipulation of co-rumination using a sample of close friends (147 dyads) and romantic partners (113 dyads) to examine physiological covariation in the context of support. Across both samples, dyads exhibited significant physiological covariation in pre-ejection period reactivity (PEP). Contrary to our hypothesis, dyads in the co-rumination condition did not show more covariation. Close friend dyads did, however, exhibit more covariation as compared to romantic dyads. We also found significant variability in physiological covariation across dyads, with a minority of dyads exhibiting negative covariation of PEP reactivity. The homogeneity of the samples limits the generalizability of the findings and highlights the need for more diverse samples in future work. These findings underline the need for further exploration into the mechanisms that contribute to distinct patterns of physiological synchrony, the conditions in which negative synchrony occurs, and what predicts especially strong positive synchrony. This work extends our understanding of physiological synchrony of the sympathetic nervous system during support conversations and emphasizes the importance of considering heterogeneity in physiological processes.
... For example, the central N200 component refers to a negative fluctuation recorded in the central brain region within 200 to 300 ms after a stimulus occurs. ERP components not only reveal emotional responses but are also crucial for a deeper understanding of the complexity of cognitive functions within the brain [45,46]. P200, an early-appearing positive potential component, typically peaks approximately 200 ms after stimulus onset, with primary activity in the frontal-central and occipital regions [47,48]. ...
Within the rapidly growing urban tourism industry, the development of urban landscapes plays a crucial role in shaping a city’s image and competitiveness; however, standardized and mismatched landscapes often have a negative impact, highlighting the importance of assessing urban landscape perceptions. Although existing studies have discussed this through subjective questionnaires and physiological methods, the underlying neural mechanisms have not been thoroughly explored. The research focuses on Jingdezhen, a renowned historical and cultural city in China, as its case study. Utilized the event-related potential (ERP) method to explore individuals’ perceptual consistency and neural activity toward different types of urban landscapes. We adopted a 2 (landscape type: historical, modern) X 2 (perceptual match: consistent, inconsistent) within-subject design while recording behavioral data and electrophysiological responses. The results showed that, under any condition, there were no significant differences in people’s behavioral data. Neurophysiological results indicate that consistent perceptions of modern landscapes elicited greater P200 responses, suggesting increased attention driven by visual aesthetics and emotional activation. Under conditions of perceptual inconsistency, historical landscapes elicited higher N400 amplitudes than modern landscapes, revealing cognitive conflict and effort. This study demonstrates that P200 and N400 components are effective indicators for assessing urban perception, proving the viability of the event-related potential method in urban landscape research. Additionally, the research reveals the neural mechanisms of urban environmental perception from the early stages of attention and emotional distribution to the later stages of cognitive decision-making, which involve cognitive processes from “bottom-up” to “top-down”. This study not only provides a reference for efficient design planning for those involved in urban science but also inspires the coordination between the developmental needs of historical and modern urban landscapes. Moreover, it offers a new perspective for an interdisciplinary approach to urban perception assessment.
... Several authors emphasize on the fact that such measures are reliable, valid and applicable to this group of population. 5 The Corah's Dental Anxiety Scale (CDAS) is one of the most widely used. But, unfortunately CDAS does not inquire about anesthetic injections that might be a reason for anxiety amongst some. ...
Background: An individual’s level of education has great influence on oral health. The oral health value scale (OHVS) is a newly developed scale which is comprised of four subscales which forms a prime behavior in preventing poor oral health. Modified Dental anxiety scale (MDAS) is a widely used scale for assessing dental anxiety. Objective: The study was conducted to correlate dental anxiety on oral health value of a professional adult and its effect on age. Methods and Materials: Cross-sectional study was conducted among (n=116) professional adults. Voluntary sampling technique was considered to recruit the participants. Demographic data, two pre-validated tools i.e., the MDAS and OHVS were used to obtain the data. Results: Out of 116 participants 64% were males and 36% were females. Females had significantly high level of anxiety compared to males (p=0.001). There was significant association of MDAS and OHVs with age (p≤0.005). Pearson correlation between MDAS and OHVS showed a positive association with the flossing subscale and a negative association with professional dental care, retaining natural teeth and appearance subscale of OHVS. Conclusion: An individual’s score of OHVS is found to be influenced by dental anxiety. Factors like professional dental care has been reported to be inversely associated with dental anxiety. Individuals with high anxiety need to be counselled for building a positive attitude towards oral hygiene which will give high values to oral health.
... Математика позволяет исследовать зависимости между различными и, возможно, некоррелируемыми величинами (например, характеристиками сознания и бессознательного), но и не гарантирует возможность нахождения зависимости, если исследуемые величины являются независимыми. Технология виброизображения (Минкин, 2007;2020;Minkin, Nikolaenko, 2008), как впрочем и любая другая технология психофизиологии (Cacioppo, Tassinary, Berntson, 2007), позволяет получать бессознательную реакцию (физиологический сигнал) одновременно с сознательной реакцией и исследовать взаимосвязь и корреляцию между ними (Минкин, Бланк, 2021). Большинство проведенных исследований показывает низкий уровень корреляции между сознательной и бессознательной реакциями (Павлов, 1951;Gaal et al., 2010;Greenwald, Banaji, 2017), и в данном исследовании я рассмотрю конкретный пример − почему потеря корреляции между известными величинами происходит при использовании опросников. ...
Анализируется база данных тестирования 1002 испытуемых программой Профайлер+ с известной зависимостью между величинами психофизиологических реакций (ПФР) на стимулы способностей и пороков. Величина ПФР, пропорциональная значимости стимула для испытуемого измеренная в информационно-физических величинах вибрах, нормируется аналогично сознательной реакции испытуемых. Сравнительный анализ корреляции ПФР на стимулы способностей и пороков показал высокий уровень корреляции (r=0,8) для ненормированной ПФР и низкий уровень корреляции (r=0,24) для нормированной ПФР. Анализируются причины потери корреляции при нормировании величины ПФР. Основными причинами искажения зависимости между величинами при нормировании ПФР предложено считать персональную субъективность определения нуля и чувствительности, которая происходит при формировании сознательных ответов на вопросы опросников. Искажения исходной ПФР, связанные с искусственным формированием сознательной реакции испытуемых при ответах на вопросы опросника, приводят к необратимой потере информации о связи между исследуемыми величинами. Делается вывод о недостаточности использования сознательной реакции испытуемых при прохождении опросников для корректной оценки характеристик личности и необходимости обработки психофизиологических реакций.
Study of human head discreteness microvibration with various settings of vibraimage technology was done. Two channel version of Blitz Judgment program (MI-Sins) has been developed for synchronous and parallel processing of two independent vibraimage streams received from one camera with different vibraimage settings. The correlation dependencies of vibraimage parameters captured with different settings: time discreteness d for the accumulation of the interframe difference, the sampling frequency f, the integration time T and the number of accumulated frames N of the interframe difference are presented. The correlation of vibraimage parameters in Micro and Turbo modes is studied. The optimal settings of vibraimage systems are analyzed depending on the study goals in measuring emotional, behavioral and psychophysiological parameters of a person.
Проведены исследования дискретности микровибрации головы человека с различными настройками технологии виброизображения. Разработана двухканальная версия программы Профайлер+ (MI-Sins), позволяющая синхронно и параллельно обрабатывать два независимых потока виброизображения, получаемых от одной камеры с различными настройками виброизображения. Приведены корреляционные зависимости параметров виброизображения, полученных с различной временной дискретностью d при накоплении межкадровой разности, частотой отсчетов f, временем интеграции T и числом кадров накопления межкадровой разности N. Исследована корреляция параметров виброизображения в режимах Микро и Турбо. Анализируются оптимальные настройки систем виброизображения в зависимости от решаемой задачи определения эмоциональных, поведенческих и психофизиологических параметров человека.
Since the publication of William James's (1890) Principles of Psychology, most of James's questions about the relation between physiological events and molar psychological or behavioral processes remain unanswered. The slow progress in using physiological signals (PSs) to address general psychological questions is due in part to problems in quantifying PSs in humans and to the way in which investigators have been thinking about the relation between PSs and psychological operations. A framework is provided to foster analysis of psychological phenomena based on PSs. Psychological operations and physiological responses are defined in terms of configural and temporal properties, and psychophysiological relations are conceptualized in terms of their specificity (e.g., one-to-one vs many-to-one) and their generality (e.g., situation or person specific vs cross-situational and pancultural). This model yields 4 classes of psychophysiological relations: (a) outcomes, (b) concomitants, (c) markers, and (d) invariants. The model specifies how to determine whether a psychophysiological relation is an outcome, concomitant, marker, or invariant, and it describes limitations in inferences of psychological significance based on PSs when dealing with each. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved)
Early in this decade, a number of investigators began to study a variety of meditation-relaxation techniques that offered promise as alternatives to the increasingly widespread use, and abuse, of minor tranquilizers for alleviation of the discomfort and disability caused by stress-related disorders. At about this same time the concept of holistic medicine formally emerged, with an emphasis on individual self-responsibility in preventing and recovering from illness. Physicians, too, were developing an awareness of the limitations of scientific-technical medicine, which surgically or pharmacologically alters the body while ignoring the person, his personality, his memory, and important interpersonal issues. Animal studies confirmed this new awareness, correlating environmental stress with increases in mammary cancer, in hypertension, and even in the lymphocytic immune response to antigens. Further, consensus among anecdotal reports suggested that 50–70% of all complaints in general medical practice were stress-related, so that the symptom would not have occurred, or would have been less severe, in the absence of stress.
