Lisa J. Rapport

Wayne State University | WSU · Department of Psychology

This study examines predictors of college success in 968 students, focusing on the influence of grit, demographic, and academic factors, using logistic and Cox regression analyses. It finds that higher grit scores significantly predict increased graduation rates and decreased dropout rates, with gender, ACT scores, entry-level, and summer course en...

Objective Alexithymia is characterized by difficulty identifying and describing one’s emotions. Alexithymia is more prevalent and severe after acquired brain injury (ABI; Fynn et al., 2021). Additionally, studies have shown frequent impairment of affect recognition after ABI (Neumann et. al, 2014). Research examining the relationship between the su...

Objective Return to driving after moderate-to-severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) is often a key step in recovery to regain independence. Survivors are often eager to resume driving and may do so despite having residual cognitive limitations from their injury. A better understanding is needed of how cognition and self-awareness impact survivors’ dr...

Objective Accurate processing of facial displays of emotion is critical for effective communication. A robust literature has documented impairment in the ability to recognize facial affect in people with traumatic brain injury (TBI), but research is scarce about memory for facial affect. Disruptions in recognizing and remembering the emotions of ot...

Objective Traditional methods of assessing performance validity have numerous weaknesses, among them, results can be consciously manipulated by examinees who wish to feign cognitive impairment. This study tested the ability of pupillary dilation patterns during a performance validity test (PVT) to enhance diagnostic accuracy in discriminating true...

Objective All premenopausal women who survive traumatic brain injury (TBI) will eventually experience menopause. Challenges experienced by women with TBI are superimposed on challenges associated with hormonal changes in midlife. Some women with stressful life contexts such as TBI are more vulnerable to the added burdens of the menopause transition...

Childhood adversity and emotional conflicts are associated with the presence and severity of chronic musculoskeletal pain (CMP), yet common treatments for CMP do not address such risk factors. We developed a single-session, emotion-focused psychodynamic interview, based on Emotional Awareness and Expression Therapy and Intensive Short-term Psychody...

Objective: To examine the extent to which three sociobehavioral proxies of cognitive reserve-years of education, education quality, and cognitive enrichment-differ in their prediction of cognitive performance among Black and White people with MS (PwMS). Methods: 82 PwMS (Black n = 41, White n = 41) underwent a neurological examination and a neur...

Emotional processing interventions for trauma and psychological conflicts are underutilized. Lack of adequate training in emotional processing techniques and therapists’ lack of confidence in utilizing such interventions are barriers to implementation. We developed and tested an experiential training to improve trainees’ performance in a set of tra...

Objective: This study examined the relationships among functional outcomes and performance on standard-length and abbreviated cognitive screening measures for multiple sclerosis (MS). Method: 72 adults with MS underwent neurological examination and cognitive screening. They completed standard-length and abbreviated versions of tests from the Mini...

Objective: Examine considerations and perceived barriers to return to driving, and their association with psychosocial outcomes among adults with traumatic brain injury (TBI) who were not driving. Methods: 174 adults with moderate-to-severe TBI enrolled in the TBI Model System participated in this cross-sectional study. All participants were dri...

Objective: To examine motor vehicle crash frequency and risk factors following moderate-to-severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). Setting: Eight TBI Model Systems sites. Participants: Adults (N = 438) with TBI who required inpatient acute rehabilitation. Design: Cross-sectional, observational design. Main measures: Driving survey completed at...

Grit plays a unique role in student success beyond that accounted for by traditional predictors; however, demographic and school characteristics contextualize the influence of grit.

Introduction The study examined the effect of preparation time and financial incentives on healthy adults’ ability to simulate traumatic brain injury (TBI) during neuropsychological evaluation. Method A retrospective comparison of two TBI simulator group designs: a traditional design employing a single-session of standard coaching immediately befo...

Objective The COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated gender disparities in some academic disciplines. This study examined the association of the pandemic with gender authorship disparities in clinical neuropsychology (CN) journals. Method Author bylines of 1,018 initial manuscript submissions to four major CN journals from March 15 through September 15 of...

Objective: Describe driving patterns following moderate-to-severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). Participants: Adults (N = 438) with TBI that required inpatient acute rehabilitation who had resumed driving. Design: Cross-sectional, observational design. Setting: Eight TBI Model System sites. Main Measures: A driving survey was completed at phone fol...

Objective: The addition of Sequencing to WAIS-IV Digit Span (DS) brought about new Reliable Digit Span (RDS) indices and an Age-Corrected Scaled Score that includes Sequencing trials. Reports have indicated that these new performance validity tests (PVTs) are superior to the traditional RDS; however, comparisons in the context of known neurocogniti...

Objective: Pupil dilation patterns are outside of conscious control and provide information regarding neuropsychological processes related to deception, cognitive effort, and familiarity. This study examined the incremental utility of pupillometry on the Test of Memory Malingering (TOMM) in classifying individuals with verified traumatic brain inju...

Objective Describe who returns to driving (RTD) after moderate-to-severe traumatic brain injury (TBI), when this occurs, who maintains that activity, and association with outcome. Design Cross-sectional descriptive. Setting Eight follow-up sites of the TBI Model System (TBI MS) program. Participants 618 participants enrolled in the TBI MS and 88...

Although sexuality is an important aspect of peoples’ health and well-being, many people—professionals and patients alike—find sexuality uncomfortable to discuss. In Arab culture, certain sexual thoughts and behaviors are taboo, particularly for women, and it is not known whether an interview in which Arab American women disclose their sexuality to...

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine pain anxiety after acquired brain injury (ABI) and its relationship to rehabilitation outcomes. Materials and Method: Participants consisted of 89 adults with an ABI participating in outpatient rehabilitation therapy. They completed a battery of neuropsychological tests at baseline along with survey...

Objective: The present study tested the incremental utility of response time (RT) on the Warrington Recognition Memory Test – Words (RMT-W) in classifying bona fide versus feigned TBI. Method: Participants were 173 adults: 55 with moderate to severe TBI, 69 healthy comparisons (HC) instructed to perform their best, and 49 healthy adults coached to...

Objective: Eye-tracking is a promising technology to enhance assessment of performance validity. Research has established that ocular behaviors are reliable biomarkers of (un)conscious cognitive processes, and they have distinguished deceptive from honest responding in experimental paradigms. This study examined the incremental utility of eye-trac...

Purpose: This study examined the extent to which resilience is associated with well-being outcomes after traumatic brain injury, and whether those relationships are independent of global personality traits, such as affectivity. Materials and methods: Sixty-seven adults with complicated-mild to severe traumatic brain injury participated. Measures in...

Purpose: The purpose was to examine the role of therapy engagement as a potential mediator for the relationship between neuropsychological performance and functional outcomes. Materials and method: Participants were 94 adults with medically documented ABI recruited from three outpatient rehabilitation clinics at the start of occupational therapy. P...

Purpose Early detection of hearing loss is important for providing support and intervention for adults with age-related hearing loss. However, many older adults have hearing loss that is unidentified. Because they do not present the problem at health care settings, there is a dearth of research on people with unrecognized hearing loss (URHL). This...

Objective: To examine how health self-efficacy and cognitive impairment severity relate to functional independence after acquired brain injury (ABI). Design: Observational. Setting: Outpatient rehabilitation hospital. Participants: Seventy-five adults with predominately stroke or traumatic brain injury who were beginning a course of occupati...

Objective: Research has found that adults with hearing loss perform worse on cognitive testing than adults without hearing loss; however, heavy emphasis on tests involving auditory stimuli may overdiagnose cognitive impairment among individuals with hearing loss. This study compared visual- and auditory-verbal memory tests among adults with and wit...

This study examined the hypothesis that people who receive concussion recovery education would have better outcomes than those who received usual discharge paperwork from the emergency department, and to determine if participants who were in litigation or seeking disability compensation had more symptoms than individuals not engaged in these activi...

Objective: The present study examined the incremental utility of item-level response time (RT) variables on a traditional performance validity test in distinguishing adults with verified TBI from adults coached to feign neurocognitive impairment. Method: Participants were 45 adults with moderate to severe TBI, 45 healthy adults coached to feign neu...

Objective: Lifetime trauma, relationship adversities, and emotional conflicts are elevated in primary care patients with medically unexplained symptoms (MUS), and these risk factors likely trigger or exacerbate symptoms. Helping patients disclose stressors, increase awareness and expression of inhibited emotions, and link emotions to physical symp...

Objective: The present study evaluated strategies used by healthy adults coached to simulate traumatic brain injury (TBI) during neuropsychological evaluation. Method: Healthy adults (n = 58) were coached to simulate TBI while completing a test battery consisting of multiple performance validity tests (PVTs), neuropsychological tests, a self-rep...

Purpose/objective: Personality has been linked to cognitive appraisal and health outcomes; however, research specific to traumatic brain injury (TBI) has been sparse. Gray's theory of behavioral inhibition system and behavioral activation system (BIS/BAS) offers a neurobiologic view of personality that may be especially relevant to neurobehavioral...

Purpose/objective: To examine resilience in the context of adjustment to traumatic brain injury (TBI), including the relative roles of demographic and theoretically related constructs such as coping, social support, and positive affectivity on resilience within the first 5 years postinjury. Research Method/Design: This was a cross-sectional, obser...

Poster presented at ACRM

To evaluate psychometric properties of the Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations in individuals with traumatic brain injury (TBI). Archival study using Rasch analysis. Post-acute rehabilitation hospital. 331 adults, 1 to 15 years after moderate to severe TBI, recruited consecutively. Interventions: Not applicable. Coping Inventory for Stressful...

Objective: To examine the relationship between life satisfaction, community integration, and emotional distress in adults with traumatic brain injury (TBI). Method: This was an archival study of a longitudinal data set on the outcome and recovery process of persons with TBI. Participants were 253 consecutive adults with mild complicated, moderat...

Objective: To examine the effects of character strengths on psychosocial outcomes after mild complicated to severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). Design: Prospective study with consecutive enrollment. Setting: A Midwestern rehabilitation hospital. Participants: Persons with mild complicated to severe TBI (N= 65). Interventions: Not applicable. Main...

A number of performance validity tests (PVTs) are used to assess memory complaints associated with traumatic brain injury (TBI); however, few studies examine the concordance and predictive accuracy of multiple PVTs, specifically in the context of combined models in known-group designs. The present study compared five widely used PVTs: the Test of M...

Many Iraqi refugees suffer from posttraumatic stress. Efficient, culturally sensitive interventions are needed, and so we adapted narrative exposure therapy into a brief version (brief NET) and tested its effects in a sample of traumatized Iraqi refugees. Iraqi refugees in the United States reporting elevated posttraumatic stress (N = 63) were rand...

Objectives Emotion processing, supported by fronto-limbic circuitry known to be sensitive to the effects of aging, is a relatively understudied cognitive-emotional domain in geriatric depression. Some evidence suggests that the neurophysiological disruption observed in emotion processing among adults with major depressive disorder (MDD) may be modu...

To examine the measurement properties of the Community Integration Measure (CIM) in persons with traumatic brain injury (TBI). Rasch analysis was used to retrospectively evaluate the CIM. Setting: Post-acute rehabilitation hospital. 279 persons 1-15 years after a TBI. None. Community Integration Measure. The CIM met Rasch expectations of unidimensi...

Background: Negative affectivity and neurocognitive deficits including executive dysfunction have been shown to be detrimental to rehabilitation therapies. However, research on the relationship between neuropsychological deficits and improvement in speech-language therapy (SLT) for aphasia is sparse. Objective: To examine the relationships among...

Presented at INS

This study evaluated the incremental utility of neuropsychological tests to computed tomography (CT) in predicting long-term outcomes of adults with moderate to severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). Participants were 288 adults with mild complicated, moderate, and severe TBI. Longitudinal data were evaluated during inpatient status in an urban rehab...

Background: Facial emotion perception (FEP) is a critical human skill for successful social interaction, and a substantial body of literature suggests that explicit FEP is disrupted in major depressive disorder (MDD). Prior research suggests that weakness in FEP may be an important phenomenon underlying patterns of emotion-processing challenges in...

This study examined sex differences in categorization of facial emotions and activation of brain regions supportive of those classifications. In Experiment 1, performance on the Facial Emotion Perception Test (FEPT) was examined among 75 healthy females and 63 healthy males. Females were more accurate in the categorization of fearful expressions re...

To examine the efficacy of a peer-mentoring program for persons with traumatic brain injury (TBI) and their significant others, and to determine the relationship of this mentoring program to 3 main outcomes: (1) emotional well-being; (2) post-TBI quality of life; and (3) community integration. Randomized controlled trial. Midwestern rehabilitation...

Two common measures used to evaluate verbal learning and memory are the Verbal Paired Associates (VPA) subtest from the Wechsler Memory Scales (WMS) and the second edition of the California Verbal Learning Test (CVLT-II). For the fourth edition of the WMS, scores from the CVLT-II can be substituted for VPA; the present study sought to examine the v...

Research on previous versions of the Wechsler Memory Scale (WMS) found that index scores could be predicted using a parsimonious selection of subtests (e.g., Axelrod & Woodard, 20001. Axelrod , B. N. and Woodard , J. L. 2000. Parsimonious prediction of Wechsler Memory Scale–III memory indices. Psychological Assessment, 12: 431–435. [CrossRef], [W...

This study examined the relationship of neuropsychological and on-road driving evaluations among adults with acquired brain injury (ABI), and the extent to which that relationship is moderated by awareness of deficit. Participants were 62 pairs of adults with ABI and significant-other informants and 40 healthy controls (N = 102). Adults with ABI an...

Despite the potential dangers associated with premature return to driving after stroke, very little research has examined the relationship between impaired self-awareness (ISA) and driving. This study examined self-awareness of driving simulator and neuropsychological performance among stroke patients, comparing them with healthy control participan...

Affect identification accuracy paradigms have increasingly been utilized to understand psychiatric illness including Bipolar Disorder (BD) and Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). This investigation focused on perceptual accuracy in affect identification in both visual and auditory domains among patients with BD, relative to Healthy Controls (HC) and p...

The long-term consequences of traumatic brain injury affect millions of Americans, many of whom report using religion and spirituality to cope. Little research, however, has investigated how various elements of the religious and spiritual belief systems affect rehabilitation outcomes. The present study sought to assess the use of specifically defin...

To examine the predictive value of caregiver/family status to well-being of persons with brain injury and to examine whether perceived social support to caregivers moderates their well-being. One hundred nine pairs of adults, a caregiver, and an individual with TBI. Brief Symptom Inventory-18, Satisfaction With Life Scale; Disability Rating Scale;...

This study investigated the ability of the Wechsler Memory Scale-4th Edition (WMS-IV) and the Advanced Clinical Solutions (ACS) package including the new Word Choice test (WCT) to distinguish poor performance due to intentional response bias among simulators of traumatic brain injury (TBI) from poor performance due to actual TBI. Participants were...

To determine predictors of family caregiver life satisfaction at one and two years after traumatic brain injury (TBI). Prospective collaborative longitudinal study of 336 family members caring for individuals with TBI participating in the National Institute on Disability and Rehabilitation Research (NIDRR) designated TBI Model Systems of Care (TBIM...

To describe frequency and magnitude of caregivers' emotional distress and life satisfaction using standardized assessment procedures; compare distress levels among spouses, parents, and other caregivers; and identify risk factors. Prospective collaborative cohort study. Six Traumatic Brain Injury Model System Centers providing neurotrauma care, reh...

Previous literature suggests that women evidence more bilateral cerebral organization, particularly in language processing, whereas men show greater left hemisphere dominance for language. This study examined the magnitude of these gender differences in a lateralized lexical decision task and the implications of such differences to semantic process...

Driving a motor vehicle is an essential activity of daily living for adults; however, few studies have examined the effects of driving cessation on community integration among stroke survivors. The present study investigated this relationship as well as social support and gender as potential moderators of outcome. Ninety pairs of stroke survivors a...

Background: One of the principal theories regarding the biological basis of major depressive disorder (MDD) implicates a dysregulation of emotion-processing circuitry. Gender differences in how emotions are processed and relative experience with emotion processing might help to explain some of the disparities in the prevalence of MDD between women...

Research on life satisfaction among caregivers of persons with multiple sclerosis (MS) is sparse. This study examined the extent to which MS-specific disease and psychosocial characteristics predict caregiver life satisfaction. Participants were 64 caregivers of patients with MS and the patients for whom they care. Multiple regression analysis indi...

Fitness to drive was examined among 78 individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS) who participated with a knowledgeable informant. Illness severity, neuropsychological functioning, and external social influences each made unique contributions to the prediction of driving status. Among drivers, perceptions of social influences against driving accounte...

The decision to resume driving after stroke can be complicated by the sequelae of stroke as well as the established finding that even healthy adults overestimate their driving ability. This study evaluated whether stroke survivors (n = 67) disproportionately overestimated their driving ability as compared to healthy significant others (n = 67). Com...

To examine resumption of driving after traumatic brain injury (TBI) and its relation to community integration. Cross-sectional cohort study; survey and cognitive data. Inpatient rehabilitation hospital of the Traumatic Brain Injury Model Systems and community. Persons (N=261) ranging from 3 months to 15 years postinjury. Not applicable. Barriers to...

To investigate the psychometric properties of the Brief Symptom Inventory-18 (BSI-18) among persons with traumatic brain injury (TBI). Inception cohort design with cross-sectional follow-up of 6 months to 15 years. Rehabilitation hospital. Adults (N=257) with moderate to severe TBI (81 inpatients and 176 follow-up participants, analyzed separately)...

To assess the interrelations of neuropsychological tests and rating scales with in vivo behavioral observation of impulsive behavior, accounting for the mode of expression (verbal or motor). Cross-sectional, correlational. An urban, inpatient rehabilitation facility in the Midwestern United States. Forty patients who were hospitalized in the trauma...

Objective: Examined the role of circadian preference on facial emotion recognition among rehabilitation inpatients. Design: 47 patients with stroke and 24 patients with orthopedic diagnoses were screened for circadian preference and assessed at preferred and nonpreferred times of day on a computerized task of facial emotion recognition. Results: Di...

Backg ro und: Negative affectivity and neurocognitive deficits including executive dysfunction have been shown to be detrimental to rehabilitation therapies. However, research on the relationship between neuropsychological deficits and improvement in speech-language therapy (SLT) for aphasia is sparse. Objecti ve: To examine the relationships among...

At present, there is poor accuracy in assessing cognitive and vegetative symptoms in depression using clinician or self-rated measures, suggesting the need for development of standardized tasks to assess these functions. The current study assessed the psychometric properties and diagnostic specificity of a brief neuropsychological screening battery...

The present study examined awareness of deficits among individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS). A total of 74 pairs of persons with MS and their significant others participated. Awareness of cognitive deficit was measured by discrepancy scores between patient reports of their cognitive abilities and objective test results. Awareness of functional...

To examine the nature of agitation in patients with brain injury and quantify the relation between agitation and patient progress in rehabilitation. Cross-sectional, correlational. Urban, inpatient rehabilitation facility in the midwestern United States. Sixty-nine patients with acquired brain injury admitted to an acute rehabilitation hospital. Th...

Neuropsychological and psychosocial predictors of subjective well-being (SWB) were examined among 74 persons with multiple sclerosis (MS). The multidimensional construct of SWB was assessed by self-report measures of acute psychological distress, global life satisfaction, and health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Objective disease-related indices...

To examine patient and significant other characteristics as predictors of significant other well-being. A total of 74 persons with multiple sclerosis (MS) and their significant others participated. Executive functioning was measured using neuropsychological tests. Awareness of cognitive deficit was measured as the discrepancy between the patient's...

Compare white and African American caregivers of people with moderate to severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) regarding caregiving patterns, emotional function and life satisfaction, and preferred supports. Prospective, observational study; 1, 2, or 5 years post-TBI. Six TBI model systems. Participants: Two hundred fifty-six caregivers (195 white an...

Perception of caregiving after traumatic brain injury (TBI) has been shown to be an important part of both survivor and family adjustment. The roles of coping style, family functioning, perceived social support and the TBI survivor's functional status have not been fully examined with respect to appraisal of caregiving. This study examined these fa...

Objective: To examine the properties of the Rehabilitation Therapy Engagement Scale (RTES), a new scale developed to assess patient engagement in physical and occupational therapies in the acute rehabilitation setting quantitatively. Design: Psychometric analysis to test the reliability and validity of the RTES in a Midwestern acute rehabilitation...

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Word list generation (WLG) was examined among clinical samples of individuals with Alzheimer's disease (AD) (n = 73) or ischemic vascular dementia (IVD) (n = 85), equivalent in age, education, current and estimated premorbid intellectual functioning, and proportion of men and women. The AD group performed significantly better than did the IVD group...

To examine the relations among driving status, perceptions of barriers to the resumption of driving, and community integration outcomes after traumatic brain injury (TBI). Correlational research using logistic and multiple regression analyses, analyses of variance, and covariance. Fifty-one survivors of TBI, 6 months to 10 years postinjury. Driving...

Strong associations between civilian posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) scales and measures of general psychological distress suggest that the scales are nonspecific to PTSD. Three common PTSD scales were administered to 122 undergraduates who had experienced an emotionally salient, nontraumatic event: a college examination. Results indicated tha...

African Americans often report greater pain than do Caucasians, but the factors responsible for this discrepancy are not known. We examined whether alexithymia-the trait of difficulty identifying and describing one's feelings and lacking introspection-may contribute to this ethnic group difference. We tested whether the mean level of alexithymia is...

Frontal, limbic and temporal regions of the brain important in emotion perception and executive functioning also have been implicated in the etiology and maintenance of depression; yet, the relationships among these topics remain poorly understood. The present study evaluated emotion perception and executive functioning among 21 depressed women and...

The validity of self-reported negative emotion to predict health status is limited by response biases, introspection limitations, and methodological confounds. The reports of significant others about the patients' negative emotion may circumvent these limitations. This study sought to compare the validity of self- versus other-reported negative emo...

To examine billing patterns and predictors of healthcare utilization and costs associated with traumatic brain injury. Retrospective cohort study of healthcare billings for 63 survivors of traumatic brain injury, over a 19-mo period, using a state-sponsored Medicaid program. The relationship of indicators of injury severity and disability to billin...

The influence of circadian preference was examined among 56 morning-oriented rehabilitation inpatients with cognitive (n=28) and noncognitive (n=28) impairments. Each individual was tested twice: morning (preferred time) and evening (nonpreferred time); sessions and test batteries were counterbalanced to control for practice effects. Standard measu...