Laurent Gilardin

Laurent Gilardin
Bégin Military Teaching Hospital | HIA Bégin · Internal Medicine

MD PhD

About

71
Publications
8,461
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1,368
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Introduction
Current research interests: Clinical immunology: Autoimmune disease, particularly antigen specific, Onco-hematology Lymphoma, CLL, immune deficiency

Publications

Publications (71)
Article
Full-text available
While tocilizumab treatment in severe and critical COVID-19 patients has proven its efficacy at clinical level, there is little evidence supporting the effect of short-term use of IL-6 receptor blocking therapy on the B cell sub-populations and the cross-neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 variants in convalescent COVID-19 patients. We performed immunolog...
Article
Full-text available
Objective The frequency of vasculitis may be increased in patients with Familial Mediterranean Fever (FMF), according to several studies. Our aim was to assess the characteristics of French adult patients with both diseases.Methods Patients with vasculitis were selected from patients followed for FMF in the French JIR-cohort.ResultsTwenty-two patie...
Article
Introduction Les douleurs abdominales (DA) représentent 5 à 10 % des motifs de consultations aux urgences dans les pays développés. Le challenge du praticien est de discerner les douleurs abdominales aiguës (DAA) urgentes à hospitaliser, des DAA non urgentes comme les douleurs abdominales non spécifiques (DANS), dont la prise en charge peut être am...
Preprint
Full-text available
SARS-CoV-2 infection fatality rate (IFR) doubles with every five years of age from childhood onward. Circulating autoantibodies neutralizing IFN-α, IFN-ω, and/or IFN-β are found in ~20% of deceased patients across age groups. In the general population, they are found in ~1% of individuals aged 20-70 years and in >4% of those >70 years old. With a s...
Article
Introduction Les effets indésirables des biothérapies sont dominés par les infections. Des effets indésirables immunologiques peuvent aussi survenir, tels qu’une éruption psoriasiforme, surtout décrite avec les anti-TNF á, beaucoup moins avec le tocilizumab (TCZ). Nous avons réalisé une revue systématique des cas d’éruption psoriasiforme associée a...
Article
Introduction L’insuffisance rénale aiguë (IRA) qui complique fréquemment la rhabdomyolyse, sans traitement spécifique, entraîne une lourde morbi-mortalité en réanimation. L’IRA induite par la rhabdomyolyse (IRAAR) était classiquement considérée comme l’association d’une vasoconstriction rénale, d’une toxicité et obstruction tubulaire par la myoglob...
Article
Full-text available
Circulating autoantibodies (auto-Abs) neutralizing high concentrations (10 ng/mL, in plasma diluted 1 to 10) of IFN-α and/or -ω are found in about 10% of patients with critical COVID-19 pneumonia, but not in subjects with asymptomatic infections. We detect auto-Abs neutralizing 100-fold lower, more physiological, concentrations of IFN-α and/or -ω (...
Article
Full-text available
Circulating autoantibodies (auto-Abs) neutralizing high concentrations (10 ng/mL, in plasma diluted 1 to 10) of IFN-α and/or -ω are found in about 10% of patients with critical COVID-19 pneumonia, but not in subjects with asymptomatic infections. We detect auto-Abs neutralizing 100-fold lower, more physiological, concentrations of IFN-α and/or -ω (...
Article
Introduction Le Levetiracetam (LEV) est indiqué chez le patient épileptique dans le traitement des crises partielles avec ou sans généralisation secondaire chez l’adulte. Le LEV, comme tous les médicaments antiépileptiques (MAE), est pourvoyeur d’effets indésirables psychiatriques, si les effets secondaires principalement décrits et connus sont psy...
Article
Introduction La survenue de formes sévères ou critiques de COVID-19, avec nécessité d’une hospitalisation en réanimation, est associée à la présence d’anticorps anti-Interféron de classe I dans environ 10 % des cas [1]. Ces anticorps identifiés dans le contexte de la COVID-19 bloquent les molécules d’interféron (IFN) et expliqueraient chez ces pati...
Article
Introduction La prise en charge de la leucémie lymphoïde chronique (LLC) a été révolutionnée depuis l’apparition du Venetoclax, un inhibiteur sélectif de la protéine anti-apoptotique BCL-2. Le syndrome de lyse est son effet indésirable le plus fréquent. Très peu d’effets indésirables neurologiques ont été rapportés en dehors de céphalées. Observat...
Article
Introduction La thrombose veineuse profonde (TVP) est une pathologie fréquente avec une incidence de 119 pour 100 000 en France. Son traitement est une urgence, du fait du risque de complication aiguë par une embolie pulmonaire (50 % des TVP proximales) et du risque de séquelles à long terme : syndrome post-thrombotique, hypertension artérielle pul...
Article
Introduction Si la place des services de maladies infectieuses et reanimation dans la gestion de la crise covid de mars 2020 a été intuitive et reconnue, celle des services de médecine interne qui assurent habituellement outre leur activité d’expertise la prise en charge des patients en aval des urgences est moins bien connue. Afin d’évaluer le ret...
Article
Introduction Les anticoagulants sont d’utilisation courante. Depuis 2008, 2 classes d’anticoagulants oraux sont disponibles : les antivitamine K (AVK) et les anticoagulants oraux direct (AOD). Certains patients se voient prescrire l’une puis l’autre classe. Nous avons réalisé une étude rétrospective pour déterminer les indications de changement d’a...
Article
Full-text available
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). It has infected millions with more than 181,000 fatal cases as of 22nd April 2020. Currently, there are no specific COVID-19 therapies. Most patients depend on mechanical ventilation. Current COVID-19 data clearly highlight that cytokine s...
Article
Full-text available
Autophagy plays an important role in the regulation of autoimmune and autoinflammatory responses of the immune cells. Defective autophagy process is associated with various autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. Moreover, in many of these diseases, the therapeutic use of normal immunoglobulin G or intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG), a pooled normal I...
Thesis
Full-text available
Le purpura thrombotique thrombocytopénique (PTT) est une maladie autoimmune rare et grave caractérisée par la présence d’anticorps dirigés contre ADAMTS13 (A13), une protéase impliquée dans l’hémostase primaire. L’implication des lymphocytes T CD4⁺ spécifiques d’ADAMTS13, dans la physiopathologie de la maladie est suggérée par une restriction pour...
Article
Introduction De multiples causes de dysphagie peuvent être retrouvées. Parmi celles-ci, un obstacle extrinsèque, comme les ostéophytes de vertèbres cervicales arthrosiques, peut être responsable d’une obstruction pharyngo-œsophagienne haute. Bien que fréquemment retrouvés chez les sujets âgés dysphagiques, les ostéophytes cervicaux ne sont que rare...
Article
Full-text available
Background: Therapeutic normal immunoglobulin G or intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) exerts anti-inflammatory effects via several mutually nonexclusive mechanisms. Recent data in mouse models of autoimmune diseases suggest that IVIG induces IL-4 in basophils by enhancing IL-33 in SIGN-R1+ innate cells. However, translational insight on these data...
Article
The purpose of this study was to assess efficacy and tolerance of anti-programmed death (PD)-1 immunotherapy in combination with sequential involved-site radiotherapy in heavily pretreated refractory Hodgkin lymphoma. In this case series, we reported the outcome of four heavily pretreated patients with refractory Hodgkin lymphoma treated by anti-PD...
Article
Résumé Touchant préférentiellement les jeunes adultes, le lymphome de Hodgkin (LH) classique est une hémopathie maligne dont le traitement par chimiothérapie plus ou moins radiothérapie engendre de bons taux de guérison (> 80 %) avec cependant une toxicité à long terme significative. Certains cas sont réfractaires à la chimiothérapie ou rechutent p...
Article
Background Autoimmune cytopenia (AIC) are well-known complications of chronic lymphocytic leukemia, occurring in approximately 4 to 10% of patients. The management of CLL-associated AIC is not consensual and patient with uncontrolled AIC are systematically excluded from clinical trials. Few data evaluating the efficacy of BCR inhibitors on CLL-rela...
Article
Full-text available
Immune-mediated thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (iTTP) is characterized by severe ADAMTS13 (a disintegrin and metalloprotease with thrombospondin type 1 repeats, member 13) deficiency, the presence of anti-ADAMTS13 autoantibodies and an open ADAMTS13 conformation with a cryptic epitope in the spacer domain exposed. A detailed knowledge of anti-...
Article
Introduction Les anticorps spécifiques des myosites (MSA) permettent d’identifier des phénotypes homogènes de patients. Ils sont devenus essentiels pour le diagnostic, la classification et le pronostic. Cependant, seuls 60 % des patients présentent MSA, alors que 80 % des patients ont des anticorps associés aux myosites (avec ou sans MSA). L’intérê...
Article
Full-text available
Objectives: To describe clinicopathologic features of muscular sarcoidosis and the associated sarcoidosis phenotype through a nationwide multicenter study. Methods: Patients were included if they had histologically proven sarcoidosis and symptomatic muscular involvement confirmed by biological, imaging, or histologic examinations. Results: For...
Article
Introduction Les gammapathies monoclonales ont été associées à de nombreuses pathologies, en particulier rénales ou neurologiques. Au sein des myopathies acquises, la myopathie à bâtonnets ou l’amylose musculaire sont deux entités rares associées aux gammapathies monoclonales, dont le traitement permet une amélioration fonctionnelle. Nous décrivons...
Article
Full-text available
Development of neutralizing antibodies against therapeutic factor VIII (FVIII) is the most serious complication of the treatment of hemophilia A. Increasing evidence shows the multifactorial origin of the anti-FVIII immune response, combining both genetic and environmental factors. While a role for the complement system on innate as well as adaptiv...
Article
Full-text available
Acquired thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura is a rare and severe disease characterized by auto-antibodies directed against "A Disintegrin And Metalloproteinase with Thrombospondin type 1 repeats, 13th member" (ADAMTS13), a plasma protein involved in hemostasis. The implication of CD4+ T cells in the pathogenesis of the disease is suggested by the...
Article
Introduction Les choix thérapeutiques des cliniciens reposent sur l’évaluation de l’activité des pathologies. Concernant les myopathies auto-immunes, l’évaluation repose principalement sur le testing musculaire manuel et sur le taux de créatine kinase (CK), mais elle reste très imparfaite. Si le taux d’enzymes musculaires est une mesure biologique...
Article
Introduction Le purpura thrombotique thrombocytopénique (PTT) est une maladie auto-immune rare et grave caractérisée par la présence d’anticorps dirigés contre ADAMTS13. L’implication des lymphocytes T CD4+ spécifiques d’ADAMTS13, dans la physiopathologie de la maladie est suggérée par une restriction pour l’haplotype HLA-DRB11*1 (DR11) et l’isotyp...
Article
Introduction La dermatomyosite (DM) est une maladie auto-immune cutanéo-musculaire dont le diagnostic repose sur des critères cliniques et histologiques, mais dont l’expression demeure très hétérogène. Des auto-anticorps spécifiquement associés au DM semblent définir des sous-groupes homogènes. Parmi eux, l’anticorps anti-NXP2 est connu pour sa for...
Article
Introduction Le syndrome des antisynthétases (SAS) est une myopathie inflammatoire (MI) fréquemment associée à une pneumopathie infiltrante diffuse (PID) et différents auto-anticorps anti-ARNt-synthétases. Les mécanismes auto-immuns concourant au SAS sont actuellement mal compris. Récemment, l’infiltration des tissus cibles par des cellules natural...
Article
The origin and physiopathological relevance of catalytic antibodies is not well understood owing to the fact that catalytic antibodies have been studied in relatively small cohorts of patients with rare diseases and/or without systematic follow-up. In the present study, we have followed the evolution of the levels of catalytic IgG in a large cohort...
Article
View largeDownload slide Cancer occurs frequently in dermatomyositis and is a major cause of mortality. Yves Allenbach et al. report that patients with necrotising auto-immune myopathies also have an increased risk of malignancy, and that myositis-specific antibodies can be used to identify those at greatest risk. View largeDownload slide Cancer...
Article
Full-text available
Renal transplant is the treatment of choice for patients with terminal end-stage renal disease. We have previously identified low levels of catalytic IgG as a potential prognosis marker for chronic allograft rejection. The origin and physiopathological relevance of catalytic Abs is not well understood, owing to the fact that catalytic Abs have been...
Article
Introduction: Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (TTP) results from the development of auto-antibodies directed against A Disintegrin And Metalloproteinase with Thrombospondin type 1 repeats, 13th member (A13). The implication of CD4+ T-cells in the pathogenesis of the disease is suggested by the existence of a restriction to HLA DRB1*11 allele an...
Article
Introduction La fièvre méditerranéenne familiale (FMF) est la plus fréquente des maladies auto-inflammatoires et est associée à des mutations du gène MEFV. Elle a été décrite en association avec divers vascularites, comme le purpura rhumatoïde, la périartérite noueuse (PAN), la myalgie fébrile prolongée et la maladie de Behçet. Notre objectif était...
Article
Introduction Au cours d’une myopathie inflammatoire, la survenue d’une myocardite (environ 3 % des cas) est un facteur de mauvais pronostic. Son diagnostic est difficile, puisqu’elle peut-être cliniquement asymptomatique ou entraîner des anomalies cardiaques électriques et électrocardiographiques non spécifiques. L’IRM cardiaque est devenue l’exame...
Article
Introduction Les Myopathies Inflammatoires (MI) sont des pathologies auto-immunes dont certaines formes sévères peuvent être traitées par échanges plasmatiques (EP). L’indication des EP est mal codifiée, les études évaluant leur intérêt sont essentiellement rétrospectives et/ou anciennes [1,2]. Les progrès récents dans la connaissance de la physiop...
Article
Full-text available
Intravenous immunoglobulin is derived from pooled plasma from thousands of healthy donors and contains polyspecific IgG. In addition to its indication for immunodeficiency disorders, immunoglobulin is used in a variety of immune-mediated disorders. Several issues remain unresolved: optimal dose, differences in composition between products, and comb...
Article
Full-text available
Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) is used in the therapy of various autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. Recent studies in experimental models propose that anti-inflammatory effects of IVIg are mainly mediated by α2,6-sialylated Fc fragments. These reports further suggest that α2,6-sialylated Fc fragments interact with DC-SIGN(+) cells to release...
Article
Background Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is frequent worldwide. In patients with immune mediated inflammatory diseases (IMID), immunosuppressive therapy may trigger HBV reactivation, leading to significant morbidity and mortality. Objectives To describe presentation, management and outcome of HBV reactivation occurring in patients treated for I...
Article
The administration of therapeutic factor VIII (FVIII) to treat or prevent haemorrhages in haemophilia A patients results, in up to 30% of the cases, in the development of inhibitory anti-FVIII antibodies. Much debate has taken place on the relevance of the nature of the FVIII product as a risk factor for inhibitor development. Thus, the plasma-deri...
Article
Forty per cent of haemophilia A (HA) patients have missense mutations in the F8 gene. Yet, all patients with identical mutations are not at the same risk of developing factor VIII (FVIII) inhibitors. In severe HA patients, human leucocyte antigen (HLA) haplotype was identified as a risk factor for onset of FVIII inhibitors. We hypothesized that mis...
Article
Immunosuppressive therapy may trigger hepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation for increased morbidity and mortality. We aimed to describe HBV reactivation in patients receiving treatment for immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs) and to evaluate a predefined algorithm for its prevention. Physicians submitted data for patients receiving treatmen...
Article
Full-text available
Catalytic antibodies are immunoglobulins endowed with enzymatic activity. Catalytic IgG has been reported in several human autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. In particular, low levels of catalytic IgG have been proposed as a prognostic marker for chronic allograft rejection in patients undergoing kidney transplant. Kidney allograft is a treatmen...
Article
Catalytic antibodies are immunoglobulins endowed with enzymatic activity. Catalytic IgG has been reported in several human autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. In particular, low levels of catalytic IgG have been proposed as a prognostic marker for chronic allograft rejection in patients undergoing kidney transplant. Kidney allograft is treatment...
Article
Most cases of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (NHL) are of B-cell origin; T-cell NHLs are rarely reported. Within a single centre prospective cohort of 370 HIV-NHL, 17 (5%) were of T-cell origin (82% male; median age, 39 years). Median CD4+ cell count was 0·194 × 10(9) /l and 41% had undetectable plasma HIV-RNA at...
Article
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection represents a risk factor for thrombotic microangiopathy. HIV-associated thrombotic microangiopathies encompass two entities with distinct pathophysiology, clinical presentation, treatment and prognosis. Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura associated with human immunodeficiency virus is typically characte...
Article
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection represents a risk factor for thrombotic microangiopathy. HIV-associated thrombotic microangiopathies encompass two entities with distinct pathophysiology, clinical presentation, treatment and prognosis. Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura associated with human immunodeficiency virus is typically characte...
Article
Pauci-immune renal vasculitis is associated strongly with antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCAs) of the immunoglobulin G (IgG) class, which are detected in 80% to 90% of affected patients. IgA ANCAs have been reported in association with various conditions, but never in the setting of pauci-immune vasculitis. A 28-year-old man with unexplain...

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