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Effect of nitrogen and biofertilizers on growth of cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata L.) var. Pride of India

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Lalu Prasad Yadav at Central Institute for Arid Horticulture
Lalu Prasad Yadav
Kavita Aravindakshan at Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture and Technology
Kavita Aravindakshan
Maurya I B
Maurya I B
Maurya I B
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A field experiment was conducted to study of “Effect of nitrogen and biofertilizers on growth of cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata L.) var. Pride of India” during the Rabi season of 2010–11 at Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture & Forestry, Jhalawar.The experiment consist of 17 treatment viz., four levels of nitrogen (control, 100 kg, 125 kg and 150 kg) and three doses of biofertilizers (Azotobacter, Azospirillium and PSB) in combination with nitrogen levels and one is absolute control was laid out in simple RBD with three replications. The treatment T16 (150 kg N+ PSB) was recorded maximum plant height (24.64 cm), plant spread(42.87 cm), number of open leaves (20.67), leaf area (247.43 cm2), maximum days taken to head maturity (110.00), diameter of stem (17.51mm), yield of head per hectare (432.92 q ha−1). However, it was statistically at par with 150 kg N + Azospirillium and 150 kg …
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Effect of nitrogen and biofertilizers on growth of cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata
L.) var. Pride of India
Lalu Prasad Yadav, Kavita A. and I.B. Maurya
Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture & Forestry, Jhalawar (Rajasthan).
Email : yadavlaluprasad682@gmail.com
ABSTRACT
A field experiment was conducted to study of “Effect of nitrogen and biofertilizers on growth of cabbage (Brassica
oleracea var. capitata L.) var. Pride of India” during the Rabi season of 2010-11 at Department of Vegetable Science,
College of Horticulture & Forestry, Jhalawar.The experiment consist of 17 treatment viz., four levels of nitrogen (control,
100 kg, 125 kg and 150 kg) and three doses of biofertilizers (Azotobacter, Azospirillium and PSB) in combination with
nitrogen levels and one is absolute control was laid out in simple RBD with three replications. The treatment T16 (150 k g N
+ PSB) was recorded maximum plant height (24.64 cm), plant spread(42.87 cm), number of open leaves (20.67), leaf area
(247.43 cm2), maximum days taken to head maturity (110.00), diameter of stem (17.51mm), yield of head per hectare (432.92
q ha-1). However, it was statistically at par with 150 kg N + Azospirillium and 150 kg N + Azotobacter inoculation.
KEY WORDS: Growth, Yield, Nitrogen, Biofertilizers, Cabbage
INTRODUCTION
Cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata L.) is the most
important member of genus Brassica grown in the world. It neu-
tralizes acidity, improves digestion and appetite. Nitrogen is a
constituent of several macro and micro molecules including
amino acid and is found to be associated with carbohydrates
utilization and protein bio-synthesis. The deficiency of nitrogen
leads to chlorosis, poor vegetative growth, reduced yield and
quality of leafy vegetables (Singh, 1989). Biofertilizers include
a range of nitrogen fixer’s viz., Rhizobium, Azotobacter,
Azospirillium, Blue Green Algae and Azolla. Out of these the
importance of Azotobacter and Azospirillium has been well rec-
ognized for vegetable crops (Kachari e t al ., 2009) and there are
several reports to show the benefits of nitrogen fixing through
Azotobacter and Azospirillium. In inoculated plants the fixing of
atmospheric nitrogen and its effectiveness increases with the
addition of nitrogen at the lower level (Subbiah, 1991 and
Wange et al., 1995). Azospirillium is ubiquitous rhizosphere
bacterium, represents the main group of microaerophilic free
living/associative nitrogen fixing bacteria. They are isolated
from the rhizosphere of many grasses and cereals all over
world and their role on plant growth and yield have been well
established. Azospirillium are also known as plant growth pro-
moting bacteria. The stimulatory effect exerted by Azospirillium
has been attributed to several mechanisms including secretion
of phytohormons, biological nitrogen fixation, and enhancement
of mineral uptake by plants. Besides these, Phosphate Solubi-
lizing Bacteria (PSB) increases phosphate level in soil (Singh,
2008). Consistent and indiscriminate use of chemical fertilizer
has caused serious damage to the soil and ecology. Also high
yield of vegetable can not be realized only with use of organic
and biological origin products. A considerable data were gener-
ated recently to show that the produce obtained from the appli-
cation of Biofertilizers is nutritionally superior with good taste,
lusture, keeping quality etc. Therefore, a judicious combination
strategy of using chemical fertilizers and Biofertilizers may be
helpful in increasing vegetable productivity.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The experiment was conducted at Department of Veg-
etable Science, College of Horticulture and Forestry,
Jhalrapatan city, Jhalawar. Jhalawar is situated between 23045’
20" and 24052’ 17" North latitudes and 75027’ 35" and 76056’46"
East longitudes covering an area of 6322.35 Km2. Jhalawar dis-
trict falls under sub-humid South Eastern Plains under agro-
climatic zone V. The climate of Jhalawar is typically sub-humid
and characterized by extremes of temperature both in summer
and winter with high rainfall and moderate relative humidity. The
soil of the experimental field was black cotton, pH 6.8, clay,
and loam in texture, normal in reaction with medium in respect
to nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium.
The experiment consist of 17 treatment viz., four levels of
nitrogen (control, 100 kg, 125 kg and 150 kg) and three doses of
biofertilizers (Azotobacter, Azospirillium and PSB) in combina-
tion with nitrogen levels and one is absolute control was laid out
in simple RBD with three replications. The treatments were T0 -
Absolute control, T1 – control (applied RDF of P & K), T2 - 1 00 k g
N + No Biofertilizer, T3 - 125 kg N + No Biofertilizer, T4 - 150 kg
N + No Biofertilizer,T5 - 0 kg N + Azotobacter, T6- 100 kg N +
Azotobacter, T
7- 125 kg N + Azotobacter, T8- 150 kg N +
Azotobacter, T9 – 0 kg N + Azospirillium, T10 – 100 kg N +
Azospirillium, T11 – 125 kg N + Azospirillium, T12 – 150 kg N +
Azospirillium, T13– 0 kg N + PSB, T 14– 0 kg N + PSB, T 15– 0 kg
N + PSB, and T16– 0 kg N + PSB. Plots of 2.7 × 1.8 m size
were prepared. The distance between plant to plant as well as
row to row was kept at 45 x 45 cm. Thus 24 plants were accom-
modated in each plot. Five plants were randomly selected from
each plot and tagged. The following observations were recorded
on these plants. Plant height (cm), plant spread (cm), number
of open leaves per plant, leaf area (cm2), number of days taken
to head maturity, diameter of stem (mm) and yield of head/ha
(q.).
Progressive Horticulture Vol. 44(2):318-320, 2012
Table 1: Effect of nitrogen and biofertilizers on growth of the cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata L. ) var. Pride of India
Treatment no Plant Plant number of leaf area days taken to diameter of yield of head
height (cm) spread (cm) open leaves (cm2) head maturity stem (mm) per hectare (q.)
T012.91 26.92 11.47 142.36 84.67 9.36 213.99
T114.25 30.67 12.27 146.24 85.00 9.57 228.80
T218.47 38.39 15.80 210.22 89.33 13.95 302.88
T320.18 40.10 18.47 225.65 94.67 14.49 320.98
T422.13 41.73 19.07 237.75 102.00 16.13 376.95
T515.80 30.19 12.87 147.70 88.67 9.74 232.10
T619.52 39.55 16.13 215.17 96.00 14.88 332.51
T721.09 41.53 19.00 226.83 99.67 15.36 391.54
T822.99 42.15 19.87 239.12 104.67 16.53 416.46
T915.55 30.91 12.80 148.60 88.33 9.87 240.32
T10 19.63 38.39 16.20 216.47 94.33 14.77 334.15
T11 21.77 41.27 18.53 228.65 100.33 15.35 393.41
T12 23.86 42.54 20.40 239.50 105.00 16.56 418.10
T13 16.26 30.85 12.20 148.51 88.67 9.81 243.62
T14 19.35 39.31 16.53 228.35 95.67 14.61 337.45
T15 21.55 41.39 18.27 235.61 101.33 15.60 398.36
T16 24.64 42.87 20.67 247.43 110.00 17.51 432.92
S.Em+ 0.917 1.195 0.612 6.126 3.531 0.503 9.683
CD at 5 % 2.642 3.442 1.762 17.64 10.172 1.450 27.892
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The results of present investigation showed that applica-
tion of nitrogen and biofertilizers significantly increased that the
maximum value of growth parameters i.e. plant height (24.64
cm), plant spread (42.87 cm), number of open leaves (20.67),
leaf area (247.43 cm2), maximum days taken to head maturity
(110.00), diameter of stem (17.51mm) and yield of head per
hectare (432.92 q ha-1) was recorded under treatment T16 ( 15 0
kg N + PSB) as compared to absolute control and control
(Table 1). These results are in conformity with the findings of
Kalabandi et al. (2007) in cabbage, Jana and Mukhopadhyay
(2001), Singh and Singh (2005), Singh (2008) and Kachari and
Korla (2009) in cauliflower. This could be due to increased level
of nitrogen and biofertilizers.
Thus increase on above growth and yield of cabbage by the
application of nitrogen and biofertilizers might be due to avail-
ability of sufficient amount of nitrogen through direct addition
and solubility of natural status of nutrient present in soil and
different increasing nitrogen levels favored the large uptake of
nutrients and effective utilization of utilized nutrients for in-
creased metabolism and synthesis of carbohydrates, greater
vegetative growth and subsequent partitioning and transloca-
tion from leaf (source) to the head (sink) and also release of
energy rich organic compounds by the biofertilizers which ulti-
mately increased auxin activities, growth and activity of micro-
bial saprophytes and phosphates activity which ultimately influ-
enced the growth and yield. Kadlag et al. (2007) in tomato,
Kachari and Korla (2009) in cauliflower and Chatterjee (2010) in
cabbage have also reported similar finding
REFERENCES
Chatterjee, R. 2010. Physiological attributes of cabbage as in-
fluenced by different source of nutrient under Eastern Hi-
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Jana, J.C. and Mukhopadhyay, T.P. 2001. Effect of nitrogen
and phosphorus on growth and curd yield of cauliflower var.
“Aghani” in Terai zone of West Bengal. Vegetable Science.
28 : 133-136.
Kachari, M. and Korla, B.N. 2009. Effect of biofertilizers on
growth and yield of cauliflower cv. PSB K-1. Indian Journal
of Horticulture. 66 (4) : 496-501.
Kadlag, A.D., Jadhav, A.B. and Bharti, R. 2007. Yield and qual-
ity of tomato fruit as influenced by biofertilizers. Asian Journal
of soil Science. 2 (2) : 95-99.
Kalabandi, B.M., Dabhade, R.S. and More, S.S. 2007. Effect
of organic and inorganic fertilizer on growth, yield and qual-
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yield of cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis L.) cv.
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Singh, S.P. 1989. Production technology of vegetables crops.
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Received on 06 August, 2011 and accepted on 14 March, 2012
Progressive Horticulture 320
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Article
  • Jun 2023
The present study was carried out to assess the Efficacy of organic manure and age of seedling on growth, yield and quality of hybrid cabbage (Brassica oleracea var capitata) at the Farm, Department of Horticulture, Naini Agricultural Institute, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Science, Prayagraj, during winter season of 2020-2021 and 2021-2022. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with factorial concept three replicated three times the result of the present investigation highlighted that incorporation of and Age of seedling T18(Farm yard manure 15 (t/ha) + Vermicompost 15 (t/ha) + 35 Days age of seedling) in response to Number of leaves plant-1, Plant height (cm), Stem diameter (cm), Leaf area (cm2), Net head weight (g), Polar diameter (cm), Equatorial diameter (cm), Whole plant fresh weight in (kg), Gross head yield (t ha-1) and Net head yield (t ha-1). Could able to cause beneficial response on the above attributes. The treatment combination comprised of FYM 15 t /ha + Vermicompost 15 t/ha+35 DAT (F2VC2D2) recorded highest gross return (Rs. 59922.00), maximum net return (Rs. 59922.00) and also benefit: cost ratio (B:C ratio 1:5.76). The highest benefit: cost ratio (B:C ratio 1:6.17) was observed by the treatment comprising of FYM 15 t /ha + Vermicompost 15 t/ha+ 25DAT (F2VC2D1).
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... (2012) [11] . [3,4] and Narayan et al. (2018) [5] this might be due to different increasing nitrogen levels favoured the large uptake of nutrients and effective utilization of utilized nutrients for increased metabolism and synthesis of carbohydrates, greater vegetative growth and subsequent partitioning and translocation from leaf (source) to the head (sink) and also release of energy rich organic compounds by biofertilizers which might have been increased auxin activities, growth and activity of microbial saprophytes and phosphates activity which ultimately influenced the yield and yield attributes. Application of 75% RDF + Azotobacter + PSB + KSB recorded the maximum T.S.S. (7.54) which was at par (7.38 and 7.31 respectively) with 75% RDF + Azotobacter + PSB and 75% RDF + PSB + KSB. ...
Influence of N, P, K and biofertilizers on growth and yield attributes of Cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata L.)
Experiment Findings
Full-text available
  • Jan 2021
The present experiment was conducted during the Rabi season of the year 2020-2021 at Instructional cum Research Farm at S.G. College of Agriculture and Research Station, Jagdalpur (C.G.) to study the influence of N, P, K and biofertilizers on growth and yield attributes of Cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata L.) consisting of seventeen treatments and replicated thrice in RBD. The results revealed the maximum T.S.S. (7.54), leaf length (25.23), plant spread (48.07), net weight (1.84) and yield ha-1 (381.60 q) was recorded with the application of 75% RDF + Azotobacter + PSB + KSB. The application of 75% RDF + PSB + KSB recorded the maximum stem diameter (26.04 mm) while the highest chlorophyll index (48.53) was recorded in 75% RDF + KSB.
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Effect of Organic Manure and Inorganic Fertilizer on the Growth and Yield of Cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis)
Article
Full-text available
  • Dec 2023
The investigation entitled, “Effect of organic and inorganic fertilizers on the growth and yield of Cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis) cv. Snowball-16” was undertaken at the Department of Horticulture, Institute of Agriculture & Natural Sciences, Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur. during Rabi season 2022-2023. Seven treatments were used laid out in the randomized block design with three replications in this experiment. It is apparent from the results obtained that the vegetative parameters viz., number of leaves per plant, plant height, the spread of the plant, the diameter of the stem, number of days required for curd initiation and curd maturity, curd size and total biomass production per plant have been significantly influenced by the potential treatments. The maximum number of leaves per plant (20.54) was recorded under the influence of the treatment T4 (50%RDF along with 50%vermicompost). The integration of organic and inorganic nutrient sources in a way such that an equal proportion of nitrogen being supplied by them documented superior results. Treatment T4 resulted in maximum plant height (21.16 cm), the spread of plant (49.38 cm), diameter of the stem (2.82 cm), reduced number of days for curd initiation (68.53 days) and maturity (99.23 days), curd size (18.74 cm) and total biomass production (33.67 g) per plant when compared to control (T1). Yield parameters viz., net weight of curd (1660.57 g), curd yield per plot (38.81 kg) and yield per hectare (421.35q /ha) showed preponderance in response to 50% RDF along with 50% vermicompost, succeeded by treatment involving the integration of 50% RDF along with 50% FYM, which also showed lead response as result obtained in control.
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Effect of biofertilizers on growth and yield of cauliflower cv. PSB K-1
Article
  • Dec 2009
An experiment was laid out with three levels of inorganic fertilizers, NPK (100, 75 and 50 per cent of recommended dose of NPK 125:75:65 kg/ha), inoculation of four bio-fertilizers (viz., Azotobacter, Azospirillum, vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizae, PSB1), recommended dose of FYM, i.e. @ 25 t/ha and their combinations. Observations were recorded on the different aspects of the plant like growth and development characters (plant height, leaf length, leaf width, leaf area, number of leaves, leaf weight, stalk length, root biomass, days to curd formation), yield attributing characters (curd size, curd height, gross curd weight, net curd weight and yield per hectare). Though the treatments performed differently during both the years of the studies, nitrogen and potassium gave consistent results during both the years with respect to growth and yield attributing characters.
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Physiological Attributes of Cabbage (Brassica Oleracea) as Influenced by Different Sources of Nutrients under Eastern Himalayan Region
Article
The influence of integrated use of inorganic fertilizers, organic manures (farmyard manure and vermicompost) and Azotobacter and Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria (PSB) containing biofertilizer on physiological attributes of cabbage was studied in a field experiment at UBKV, Pundibari, Cooch Behar, West Bengal, India during winter season of 2005-06 and 2006-07. The experiment was laid out in a randomized block design (RBD) with 14 different treatment combinations replicated thrice. Different physiological attributes viz chlorophyll content of leaves; leaf area indexes and dry matter accumulation as well as yield attributes were studied. The pooled results revealed that higher amount of organic manure and reduced levels of inorganic fertilizers not only influenced the physiological attributes significantly but also yield attributes and head yield of cabbage as compared to sole application of recommended inorganic fertilizers (150 : 80 : 75kg NPK/ ha). Vermicompost emerged as better organic nutrient source over farmyard manure. Inoculation with biofertilizer exerted more positive result over uninoculated treatments and benefits of biofertilizer application were more in presence of vermicompost as compared to farmyard manure. The desirable physiological traits such as higher chlorophyll content, larger leaf area index and greater dry mater content along with higher head weight and head yield were recorded for the plants grown with the application of 75% of recommended inorganic fertilizers along with vermicompost (5 tonnes/ ha) in presence of biofertilizer. Cabbage (Brassica Oleracea var. capitata L.) is the most widely cultivated cole crop in the world and esteemed for its vitamins, minerals and dietary fibers content of head. The head is a large apical bud surrounded by many wrapper leaves. The dry matter of head depends on the capacity of the plant to accumulate and translocate the photosynthates towards developing head. Chlorophyll content of leaves, leaf area index and dry matter contents are the important physiological traits that greatly imparts the vegetative growth, yield attributes and head yield of cabbage. Nutrient management practices plays significant role in modification and improvement of physiological attributes and subsequently head weight and yield. The head size is influenced directly by the availability of major nutrients to the plant and for satisfactory yield there must be adequate levels of plant nutrients (Wein and Wurr 1997). The incorporation of organic nutrients in the form of vermicompost, farmyard manure and biofertilizer is known to influence favorably the physico-chemical and biological properties of the soil thus resulting in enhanced uptake of nutrients from soil. Vermicompost contains nutrients in forms that are readily taken up by the plants such as nitrates, exchangeable phosphorus and soluble potassium, calcium, and magnesium (Edwards and Burrows 1988). The water soluble components of vermicompost such as humic acid, growth regulators, vitamins, micronutrients and beneficial microorganism increases the availability of plant nutrients, results in increased growth and higher yield (Atiyeh et al. 2002). Farmyard manure and biofertilizer also plays vital role as organic nutrient sources for sustainable soil health and crop growth. Enhancement of physiological traits with application of higher amount of organic manure and reduced level of inorganic nitrogen has been documented in okra (Paramasivan et al. 2005) and pea (Reddy et al. 1998). Thus, the present investigation was undertaken to study the impact of different source of nutrients and their combination on important physiological attributes and subsequently on yield attributes and head yield of cabbage.
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Effect of nitrogen and phosphorus on growth and curd yield of cauliflower var
  • Jan 2001
  • 133-136
  • J C Jana
  • T P Mukhopadhyay
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Kalabandi, B.M., Dabhade, R.S. and More, S.S. 2007. Effect of organic and inorganic fertilizer on growth, yield and quality of cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata). Asian Journal of Horticulture. 2 (2) : 144-147.
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Subbiah, K. 1994. Effect of N.P. and biofertilizers on yield and nutrient uptake in chilli and bellary onion. Madras Agriculture Journal, 81 : 277-279.
Response of cabbage to microbial inoculants and increasing levels of nitrogen
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  • 429-430
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