Smart Home Energy Management System Architecture Using IoT

Abstract

In recent years the rate of energy consumption has been increased considerably, therefore the adoption of an Energy Management System (EMS) is of paramount importance. The advent of the Internet of Things (IoT) has offered promising technologies for tackling the challenges that arise on large scale by creating a massive world-wide network of interconnected smart objects embedded with electronics, software, sensors, and network connectivity. This paper presents a proposition of a general microcontroller based Smart Home Energy Management System (SHEMS) architecture. The proposed model aim to minimize the power consumption in smart home, this can be achieved by controlling and monitoring electrical home appliances. Indeed, microcontroller manages home appliances to avoid the wastage of energy by dimming or turning off the appliances when not in use. In our work the proposed model has been used to design and implement an efficient lighting system to reducing power consumption in home.

Full text

Smart Home Energy Management System Architecture Using IoT
Boulkamh Chouaib
Department of computer sciences
Larbi Ben M’hidi University
Oum El Bouaghi Algeria
cboulkamh@yahoo.com
Derdouri Lakhdar
Department of computer sciences
Larbi Ben M’hidi University
Oum El Bouaghi Algeria
derdouril
@yahoo.fr
Zendaoui Lokmane
Department of computer sciences
Larbi Ben M’hidi University
Oum El Bouaghi Algeria
zendaouilokman@gmail.com
ABSTRACT
In recent years the rate of energy consumption has been increased
considerably, therefore the adoption of an Energy Management
System (EMS) is of paramount importance. The advent of the
Internet of Things (IoT) has offered promising technologies for
tackling the challenges that arise on large scale by creating a
massive world-wide network of interconnected smart objects
embedded with electronics, software, sensors, and network
connectivity. This paper presents a proposition of a general
microcontroller based Smart Home Energy Management System
(SHEMS) architecture. The proposed model aim to minimize the
power consumption in smart home, this can be achieved by
controlling and monitoring electrical home appliances. Indeed,
microcontroller manages home appliances to avoid the wastage of
energy by dimming or turning off the appliances when not in use.
In our work the proposed model has been used to design and
implement an efficient lighting system to reducing power
consumption in home.
KEYWORDS
Energy, Smart home, IoT
1 Introduction
The Internet of Things can be described as connecting everyday
objects like smart-phones, Internet TVs, sensors and actuators to
the Internet where the devices are intelligently linked together
enabling new forms of communication between things and people,
and between things themselves [1]. A few years ago, the
development of the Internet of Things (IoT) was considered as a
technology of the next generation. Due to the advances in digital
technology, IoT is no longer just a buzzword, rather it is realistic
technology. The forecast for future growth and investment is
encouraging: Cisco predicts that 50 billion devices will be
connected by the end of 2020. In the 21st century, more devices
than persons are connected to the internet — over 12.5 billion
devices in 2010 [2]. In addition, NIC forecasts that by the year
2025, internet-based nodes may be present in everything — from
food packages to healthcare medicines and measuring
instruments, from tiny household objects to furniture and more
[3,4].
Currently, the energy supply crisis caused by unstable oil prices
and mandatory greenhouse gas reduction requires the
governments to establish policies on energy saving. As buildings
consume as much as 40% of the nation’s total energy in advanced
countries, the need for an active and systematic building energy
management system using the ICT technology is increasing on the
long-term basis [5]. In recent year, several projects have been
proposed to design and implement efficient energy management
system in building sector particularly for home and office using
the IoT technology. In this paper, an IoT based smart home
energy management system (SHEMS) model is proposed to
improve the energy efficiency in smart home; this can be achieved
by controlling and monitoring electrical home appliances. Indeed,
microcontroller manages home
appliances to avoid the wastage of
energy by dimming or turning off the appliances when not in use.
In our work the proposed model has been used to design and
implement an efficient lighting system to reducing power
consumption in house.
The rest of the paper is organized as follows. in Section2 we
presents an overview of the most appropriate recent
developments as published in the literature covering the topics of
the use of Internet of Things paradigm for smart home
energy
management system . Our proposed model is explained in Section
3. Section 4 presents a case study in which we implement a
lighting management system using our proposed model. Finally,
this paper is concluded in the fifth Section.
2 Related works
In this section, we will briefly present an overview of some works
in the published literature pertaining to the issue of energy
management system in smart home using the IoT technology.
The authors in [6] was developed an Arduino Based Smart Home
Energy Management System Using Renewable Energy Resources,
in this work the authors manage the load demand by using
distribution grid supply and renewable resources like solar, wind
and Lead Acid Battery to minimize the rate of energy
consumption and harmful gas emissions. So towards this an
independent energy generation module for smart homes was
developed. A HEMS model, which helps to maintain the optimal
housing energy consumption level regardless of time and place by
controlling various data through the use of various body detection

Smart Home Energy Management System Using IoT ICCES’19, July, 2019, Hammamet, Tunisia
sensors, ultrasonic sensors, infrared sensors, image sensors, and
environment monitor sensors, was suggested in [5], the
administrator or the user can manage, regulate, and control the
system in a mobile environment with the model. This HEMS
model was expected to help control and manage energy use in
houses. The researchers in [7] developed a smart monitoring and
controlling system for household electrical appliances in real time.
Exact metering, detection of energy overload, cost sparing, energy
management/monitoring as well as automatic billing systems are
the major objectives of this project. The composed system use
PIC microcontroller and ZigBee to transfer the load reading
wirelessly. At the receiver side, Raspberry Pi is used to display
the value of power consumption from meter output loads
connected to PC GUI. The work done by [8] uses the arduino and
Raspberry Pi3 to implement an IoT Based Smart Energy
Management System. The arduino use current sensors to capture
the amounts of current consumed by the appliances and send this
information to the Raspberry Pi3 which ultimately calculate
periodically the power and plot a graph on the power consumption
and same uploaded in cloud server.
3 Our proposed Architecture
Figure1 shows the proposed architectural framework. The sensors,
which are low power electronic tags attached to the required
objects or space, are responsible of the detection and measurement
of environmental data (e.g. temperature, lighting, humidity, gas,
smoke, ultrasonic waves, current, flame, etc.) then transfers the
real-time data to the microcontroller which is the main component
of this framework. The microcontroller (Arduino boards,
Raspberry PI, etc.) is linked to different components of our
architecture (such as web server, sensors, actuators, etc.) through
different technologies: power line, wireless communication
(Zigbee, X-bee shield, etc.), Internet connectivity (Ethernet shield,
ESP8266 WIFI module, etc.), it acquires, interpret and processes
data coming from different sensors and send control signals to
appliances or actuators, it also send the real-time environmental
information to the web server and deal with requests send from
remote users through the web server. The cloud/web server
monitor the energy management system, it is used for large data
store and analysis. Indeed, the cloud/web server parses data and
act accordingly to perform the save of energy, it can also generate
statistical information and plotting graph to help users to act and
avoid the wastage in electricity power. Users (authorize home
owners) can remotely monitor and control the in-house connected
appliances through an android application connected to the system
using any 3G/4G or WI-FI enabled digital information terminals
(smart phone, tablet, iPod, etc.), this can minimize the rate of
energy consumption and improve the comfort and the quality of
life.
Figure 1: Smart Home Energy Management System
Architecture.
4 Case Study
In our daily life we always forget to switch off Lights (and other
appliances) and unnecessary we waste electricity. The home
lighting management systems are a good way to avoid the
expenditure of electricity and to reduce the energy consumption.
In this section, we will use the proposed Home Energy
Management model to design and implement an efficient IoT
based home lighting control system.
4.1 Methodology
The block diagram of the proposed lighting management system
is shown in Figure2. In this system the microcontroller (Arduino
Uno) control lamps by using 4-channel Relay, LDR sensor and
PIR sensor. The description of the hardware components used in
this system is given in the following paragraphs:
Figure 2: Block Diagram For Lighting Management System.

Smart Home Energy Management System Using IoT ICCES’19, July, 2019, Hammamet, Tunisia
4.1.1 Arduino Uno. Arduino Uno is a
microcontroller board based on the ATmega328P
(datasheet). It has 14 digital input/output pins (of which 6
can be used as PWM outputs), 6 analog inputs, a 16 MHz
quartz crystal, a USB connection, a power jack, an ICSP
header and a reset button. It contains everything needed to
support the microcontroller; simply connect it to a computer
with a USB cable or power it with a AC-to-DC adapter or
battery to get started. You can tinker with your UNO without
worrying too much about doing something wrong, worst case
scenario you can replace the chip for a few dollars and start
over again.
Figure 3: Arduino Uno Board
4.1.2 4-channel relay. The 4-channel relay can be
used to control various appliances and equipments with large
current. It is equipped with high-current relays that work
under AC250V 10A or DC30V 10A. It has a standard
interface that can be controlled directly by microcontroller.
The relay output state is individually indicated by a light-
emitting diode.
Figure 4:4-Channel Relay
4.1.3 PIR sensor. PIR sensors are used to detect
motion from pets/humanoids from about 20 feet away. This
one has an adjustable delay before firing, adjustable
sensitivity and we include a 1 foot (30 cm) cable with a
socket so we can easily reposition the sensor or mount it
using the two holes on either side. It runs on 5V-12V power.
Digital signal output is 3.3V high/low. Sensing range is
about 7 meters (120 degree cone).
Figure 5: PIR Sensor
4.1.4 LDR sensor. A photoresistor is a type of
resistor whose resistance decreases when the intensity of
light increases. In other words, the flow of electric current
through the photoresistor increases when the intensity of
light increases. Photoresistors are also sometimes referred as
LDR (Light Dependent Resistor), semiconductor
photoresistor, photoconductor, or photocell. Photoresistor
changes its resistance only when it is exposed to light.
Figure
6: LDR Sensor
4.1.5
ESP8266-01 WIFI MODULE. The ESP8266
ESP-01 is a Wi-Fi module that allows microcontrollers
access to a Wi-Fi network. This module is a self-contained
SOC (System On a Chip) that doesn’t necessarily need a
microcontroller to manipulate inputs and outputs as we
would normally do with an Arduino, because the ESP-01 acts
as a small computer. Depending on the version of the
ESP8266, it is possible to have up to 9 GPIOs (General
Purpose Input Output). Thus, we can give a microcontroller
internet access like the Wi-Fi shield does to the Arduino, or
we can simply program the ESP8266 to not only have access
to a Wi-Fi network, but to act as a microcontroller as well.

Smart Home Energy Management System Using IoT ICCES’19, July, 2019, Hammamet, Tunisia
Figure 7: ESP8266-01 WIFI MODULE
4.1.6 Bush button. Push buttons or switches
connect two points in a circuit when we press them.
Figure 8: Bush button
4.2 Hardware Implementation
Figure 9 depict the hardware implementation of our IoT based
home lighting management system. The system was developed
using the arduino uno as a microcontroller. We use the jumper
wires to connect the different hardware component to the
processing unit. The arduino control light by the integration of
relay, PIR and LDR sensors, we use relay that act as switch to
control 220 V AC light, because the Arduino cannot control high
volt. The microcontroller use real time data coming from LDR
sensor and PIR sensor to control home light in an automated
fashion. In our work, we distinct two kinds of bulbs: inside bulbs
(bulbs in living space: room, kitchen…) and the outside bulbs
(bulbs outside the home), in the first kind, when the user turn ON
the lamp, after a period of two minutes the lamp will be turned
OFF if there is no motion, when the PIR sensor detect a motion
the lamp will be turned ON automatically. in the second kind,
when the user turn ON the lamp, after a period of two minutes the
lamp will be turned OFF if there is no darkness, when the LDR
sensor detect the darkness and the PIR sensor detect a motion, the
lamp will be turned ON automatically. The LDR sensor can be
used also to: (i) detect the damaged bulbs and generate an error
message on the user interface, (ii) use the ambient light to change
the light intensity. The ESP8266-01 WIFI MODULE is used to
provide internet connectivity for the arduino microcontroller,
which allows remote control of bulbs from an android mobile
application.
The schematic diagram of our system is shown in Figure10.
Figure 9: Hardware prototype
Figure 10: schematic diagram of home lighting control system
with Fritzing.
4.3 Software Design
Our proposed system was implemented using two different
software, the microcontroller is programmed via the arduino IDE
(Integrated Development Environment) which is an open-source
platform used to write and upload computer code to the physical
board. The Arduino IDE uses a simplified version of C++, making
it easier to learn and to program.
The android mobile application was designed using the
RemoteXY platform which is a free cloud based utility for

Smart Home Energy Management System Using IoT ICCES’19, July, 2019, Hammamet, Tunisia
developing mobile application for android enabled devices. The
system includes Editor of mobile graphical interfaces for
controller boards, located on the site “remotexy.com”.
Mobile application RemoteXY allows connecting the controller
and controlling it via graphical interface.
Connecting through a cloud server RemoteXY allows us to
manage the device from anywhere in the world where there is
Internet. The ESP8266 module will be configured as a client to
connect to a WiFi access point. The access point must have an
Internet connection. The RemoteXY library will ensure
registration of the device on the cloud server. The mobile
application will be connected to the cloud server and not to the
device directly. Thus, the device will be available from anywhere
on the Internet.
Figure11 illustrates screen shots of our cloud based android
mobile application. After authentication, the authorized users of
our light management system can check and monitor the state of
bulbs regardless of time and space.
Figure 11: GUI in android devices.
5 Conclusion and Future work
Home energy management systems have received great
consideration in research due to the significant amount of loads in
the residential sector. In this paper a general architecture for home
energy management system was proposed and used to design and
implement an efficient IoT based home lighting management
system. The main goal of this work is to prevent loss of current
and reduce the energy consumed by the electrical appliances
(lamps) by turning off appliances when not in use. In future, we
plan to implement an arduino energy meter to measure the energy
consumed in home before and after the implementation of our
system to demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of our
solution. Also we suggest the use of renewable energy, such as
solar, wind…, at home to improve the energy efficiency and to
reduce the CO2 emissions.
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