Kurcheti Pani Prasad

Central Institute of Fisheries Education | CIFE · Division of Aquatic Environment and Health Management

The inflammasome is a multimeric protein complex that plays a vital role in the defence against pathogens and is therefore considered an essential component of the innate immune system. In this study, the expression patterns of inflammasome genes (NLRC3, ASC, and CAS-1), antiviral genes (IFNγ and MX), and immune genes (IL-1β and IL-18) were analyse...

Emerging and re-emerging diseases in fish cause drastic economic losses in the aquaculture sector. To combat the impact of disease outbreaks and prevent the emergence of infections in culture systems, understanding the advanced strategies for protecting fish against infections is inevitable in fish health research. Therefore, the present study a...

Trained immunity is a novel phenomenon depicting a heightened secondary response to homologous and heterologous pathogens; known to be providing cross-protection in individuals on pathogenic exposure. Major drivers of this response are the metabolic changes and epigenetic modifications in innate immune cells. The study focused on evaluating the met...

Argulus, an ectoparasite of fish which is ubiquitous in wild and culture ponds, poses a major challenge with severe economic losses to the global aquaculture industry. With the increase in intensification of aquaculture practices, there is a dire need to discover new therapeutic options in the treatment of argulosis owing to the limited effectivene...

The current study investigates the potential utilization of poultry intestines for the synthesis of stable silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and their impact on fish physiology. The AgNPs were synthesized and characterized using various analytical techniques. The toxicity of AgNPs on Anabas testudineus was evaluated, determining a 96-h LC50 value of 25....

The synthesis of silver nanoparticles has gained interest due to their diverse applications in various fields. It is very essential to use capping agents to avoid loss of nanosized characteristics due to agglomeration of AgNPs. In the present investigation, a simple and environmentally viable protocol to synthesize a wide range of concentrations of...

The innate immune memory or trained immunity has been reported in invertebrates, plants and vertebrates. In contrast to classical memory characteristics depicted by the adaptive immune system, innate immune memory is a heightened secondary response against homologous or heterologous pathogens providing a cross-protection. The system is mediated by...

The existence of innate immune memory in invertebrates and plants suggested the presence of innate immune memory in vertebrates as well. In contrast to classical memory characteristics depicted by the adaptive immune system, innate immune memory is a heightened secondary response against homologous or heterologous pathogens providing a cross-protec...

Trained immunity refers to the memory acquired by innate immune cells, leading to cross-protection and non-specific responses to subsequent infection, thereby improving host survival. Trained immunity induction is a combined effect of immune signaling, metabolic changes, and epigenetic modifications. The present study evaluated the induction of mar...

Toll like receptor (TLR) signalling pathway plays a central role in inflammatory responses through the recognition of PAMPs and DAMPs. Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is well known for the recognition of LPS of gram-negative bacteria leading to production of inflammatory cytokines. Modulation of a TLR pathway gene in different tissues indicates the fun...

Parasitic diseases have been the major source of concern and cause considerable losses in the freshwater aquaculture of India. Fish parasites proliferate quickly in favourable settings, compromising fish health and frequently resulting in high mortality. Identifying and implementing appropriate control techniques is the need of the hour to combat t...

Parasitic diseases have been the major source of concern and cause considerable losses in the freshwater aquaculture of India. Fish parasites proliferate quickly in favourable settings, compromising fish health and frequently resulting in high mortality. Identifying and implementing appropriate control techniques is the need of the hour to combat t...

The use of chemicals, biologicals and veterinary medicinal products (VMPs) helps in healthy and sustainable fish production. Information on the use of these products is essential for assessing farming practices, potential human health and environmental risks. A questionnaire‐based nationwide survey covering aquaculture farms (n = 2936) producing ca...

Multi-drug resistance (MDR) in bacteria is regarded as an emerging pollutant in different food production avenues including aquaculture. One hundred and sixty out of 2304 bacterial isolates from shrimp farm samples (n = 192) of Andhra Pradesh, India, were MDR. Based on biochemical identification and 16S rRNA sequencing, they were grouped into 35 ba...

Microbial community profile associated with acidic pond sediments (APS) (pH=3.0‐4.5) of freshwater finfish aquaculture ponds (n=8) was investigated. Sediment DNA extracted from the eight APS were subjected to high‐throughput sequencing of V3 and V4 regions which yielded 7236 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) at a similarity of 97%. Overall results...

The live micro-organisms that are included in human diet or applied to the aquaculture systems are designated as traditional probiotics. According to FAO, traditional probiotics are live microorganisms that, when administered in adequate amounts, confer a health benefit t to the host. These live benefi cial microorganisms are made use of as functio...

During a survey of farmed and wild crustaceans from India for viruses, spherical baculovirosis otherwise known as Penaeus monodon-type baculovirus (MBV) was detected in field-collected juvenile/sub-adult mud crab, Scylla serrata using a nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based amplification of the hepatopancreatic DNA. Eight out of 115 mud crab...

Quantitative real-time RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) is the most sensitive and advanced method to quantify the expression of target genes of animals including fish. However, the broad variation in the expression patterns of housekeeping genes (HKGs) among tissues and different developmental stages makes it necessary to conduct studies for the selection of the s...

Shrimp aquaculture is one of the fastest growing food-producing avenues, where antibiotics usage has become an issue of great concern due to the development of antimicrobial resistance in bacteria. A total of 2304 bacterial isolates from 192 samples (sediment, water, shrimp, and source water) from Andhra Pradesh, India were screened. Antibiotic res...

Aims: To determine the prevalence of Aeromonas species in freshwater fish farms, factors affecting their prevalence and virulence factors associated with each species. Methods and results: In a cross-sectional study from 128 farms in four districts of Uttar Pradesh, India, 11 species of Aeromonas were identified by gyrB sequencing including the...

Motile Aeromonas septicaemia (MAS), caused by Aeromonas hydrophila, is one of the most significant problem among the bacterial diseases responsible for causing mortality in catfishes. The objective this study was to understand the modulation of innate immune parameters and histopathological alteration in Indian catfish Clarias magur (Hamilton, 1822...

A metacercarial infection of Posthodiplostomum sp. (Strigeidida: Diplostomidae) was reported in the cyprinid fish, Labeo catla and Pethia conchonius and was identified based on clinical signs, cyst morphometry and characteristic histopathological lesions. The parasite was oval-round in shape, encysted in musculocutaneous tissues, and well encapsula...

A 60-day feeding experiment was conducted to evaluate the dietary effect of vitamin C on non-specific immunity and stress responses in striped catfish, Pangasianodon hypophthalmus juveniles with the average body weight of 3.23 ± 0.01 g to 3.38 ± 0.01 g. Seven graded levels of diets supplemented with 0, 17.5, 35, 70, 175, 350 and 700 mg vitamin C/kg...

A study was undertaken to design a mobile app which can be a gateway of information for fish farmers with the objectives of conceptualizing features required in a mobile app, aggregating scientific information for relevant features and based on this develop a mobile application system. A questionnaire was designed with open-ended questions in order...

Immunoglobulin (IgM) is the primary immunoglobulin essential for defense mechanisms in fish. It is difficult to reliably quantify IgM because a lack of standardization in methodology and limited availability of commercially reagents. In the present study, a polyclonal antibody was developed for the specific detection and quantification of IgM in La...

Aquaculture

Aeromonas hydrophila is considered an important pathogen of fish causing substantial economic loss in aquaculture worldwide. The objective of the current study was to assess the virulence potential of A. hydrophila strains isolated from gills of apparently healthy fish using phenotypic assays, PCR based genotypic tests, and in-vivo pathogenicity as...

Among many relevant issues dealing with fish farming, microbial infections are a major problem. There are different viral infections, which are continuously creating problems in fish farming and among these viral infections Betanoda viral infection is a foremost problem. The Betanodavirus is an important, emerging group of viruses known to infect a...

An experimental trial was conducted for 90 days to evaluate the effect of different carbon sources viz. yam and potato on growth performance of milkfish (Chanos chanos) in biofloc‐based system. Milkfish fry (average body weight of 0.66 ± 0.01 g) was stocked in biofloc treatments, yam‐based biofloc (BFY) and potato‐based biofloc (BFP), and clear wat...

Introduction: Viral infections are major threat to aquaculture industry throughout the world. Betanodavirus is one of the most infectious virus that causes highest mortality in larval and juvenile stages of Lates calcarifer commonly known as Barramundi. Methods: Methods: It is a single stranded positive sense RNA virus and causes viral nervous nec...

Polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (pIgR) is a protein that transports Immunoglobulins (Igs) from epithelial cells into the external secretion system of the animal. In the present study, we characterized the partial pIgR gene from Labeo rohita and analyzed its expression in response to the pDNA (pGPD-IFN) vaccine, and studied its correlation with th...

The biogenic nanoparticle has becoming a significant potential technology as the result of phytomining which revealed that metals are usually deposited in the form of nanoparticles. The various biological agents in the form of algae, plants and microbes have emerged as an efficient candidate for the synthesis of nanoparticles.

Immunostimulants stimulate the immune system by involving many cytokines. Interferons, a crucial cytokine, shares both antiviral and antibacterial properties. Hence, the present study aimed to evaluate the effect of immunostimulant on type I interferon (I-IFNs) gene expression in Labeo bata. For the first time, genes coding for I-IFN has been clone...

Effective treatment and preventive measures of infectious diseases demand rapid and accurate identification of causative agents. Oxford nanopore MinION™ is a commercially available portable, convenient, relatively fast, and cost-effective DNA sequencer providing sequencing data in real-time. MinION™ utilizes the base- specific fluctuations due...

Nervous necrosis virus induced oxidative stress and associated antioxidative response in the brain of Asian seabass were evaluated in the present study. The infection resulted in an increasing level of nitric oxide production induced by the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase. The activity of NRF2 was increased and up-regulated the expres...

Toxicological studies on the emergent pollutant, triclosan (TCS) have established the wide-ranging effects of the compound on fish and other aquatic organisms. Although the available literature describes the standalone effects of TCS on growth and metabolism of fish yet, reports about the combined effects of TCS with microbial pathogens are scarce....

DNA vaccine is an important tool to elicit both humoral and cellular immunity. Present study investigates mucosal immune response of Labeo rohita (15 ± 04 g) to plasmid DNA (pDNA) vaccine macromolecule complexed with nanoparticles (NPs). Poly lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA), Chitosan (Chit) and PLGA-Chit-NPs were synthesized by double emulsion solve...

Toxicological studies on the emergent pollutant, triclosan (TCS) have established the wide-ranging effects of the compound on fish and other aquatic organisms. Although the available literature describes the standalone effects of TCS on growth and metabolism of fish yet, reports about the combined effects of TCS with microbial pathogens are scarce....

A 90 days experiment was conducted to study the effect of biofloc on immune response and antioxidant status of milkfish, Chanos chanos reared in biofloc-based tanks by the addition of different carbon sources. Four biofloc treatments and one control were compared: Biofloc-based tanks under zero-water exchange with four different carbohydrate source...

Early larval developmental stages of fish are highly susceptible to opportunistic pathogens until the complete maturation of the lymphoid organs. Knowledge of the expression pattern of important markers of adaptive immune system during the ontogenetic development is essential before vaccinating the fish. In the present study, Pterophyllum scalare (...

This study assessed the socioeconomic profile of fish farmers of Telangana and usage of mobile apps by them. An interview schedule was designed to assess the socioeconomic profile and to compile information on usage of mobile phones. Information was collected about age, income, fisheries experience, farm size, production, species cultivated and con...

Rainwater harvesting is a national priority and there have been many groundwater recharge movements in India in the past. Various government, non-government organizations and corporates are working in this area. Among these, percolation tanks are the most traditional but a popular method. National Aquifer Mapping (NAQUIM) introduced in XII five yea...

An 18-months field trial was performed to explore the effect of duration of stunting on growth, digestive enzymes and carcass quality in Chanos chanos. Milkfish fry (weight of 1.25 ± 0.03 g and length of 5.53 ± 0.03 cm) were stocked in earthen ponds of 0.02 ha, in triplicate, for different duration of stunting, viz., 4 months (Treatment-1; T4), 8 m...

The occurrence of Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei in Penaeus vannamei samples were collected from Maharashtra and Gujarat farms. In the present study, shrimp samples from various shrimp ponds from two districts of Maharashtra and two districts of Gujarat were collected over a period of one year (February 2016 to April 2017). A total of 4513 shrimp samp...

Shrimp digestive tract microflora has been considered important, as it provides several protective and metabolic functions. Misuse of antibiotics could lead to AMR in the gut microbial community, which could be transferred to humans. The present study aimed in determining the prevalence of the digestive tract microbial community and AMR associated...

A mobile app developed for fish farmers

The ideal diagnostic test would be cost effective, accurate, rapid and ensuring point-of-care use on different sample types without the need for technical expertise and expensive equipment. This will help to tackle many globally spreading highly pathogenic viruses by limiting disease spread and facilitating timely care. CRISPR and CRISPR associated...

A 45-day experiment was conducted to assess the immuno-physiological response of Litopenaeus vannamei in oil palm kernel meal based biofloc systems. L. vannamei of average weight (0.82±0.02 g) were stocked in tanks at a stocking density of 300 PL/m 3. Biofloc-based treatment obtained significantly better growth performance at the end of the experim...

The morphometric and carcass quality changes associated with the compensatory growth of stunted fish in optimum culture condition differentiate the quality of poststunted fish from normal fish. This study compared carcass quality characteristics data on poststunted and normal milkfish of marketable size reared under pond culture conditions. The cul...

A heterotrophic strain ACM-1, isolated from Pangasius spp fish farms showed an ability to convert ammonium to nitrate under aerobic conditions. Based on the molecular phylogenetic analysis 16S rRNA gene sequence ACM-1 matched similarity to Achromobacter xylosoxidans (100%). ACM-1 showed amplification for Betaproteo-bacterial 16S AOB gene (465 bp) c...

Nanoparticle-based bio-barcode assay is a rapid and ultrasensitive tool for detecting biological targets such as proteins and nucleic acids in the entire sample. The bio-bar code approach relies on two target seeking probes: Magnetic micro beads (MMB) bearing the biological probe (DNA or Antibody) for target recognition and the second gold nanopart...

Aim : Methodology : Results : Interpretation : To investigate the acute inflammatory response in induced by carrageenan (red seaweeds) The fingerlings were injected with 50 examined at 3, 6, 12, 24, 48 and 96 hr post injection. The cellular markers that includes thrombocyte, macrophage, monocyte, granulocyte (neutrophils) and lymphocyte counts, ser...

White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) remains as the most dreaded pathogen of shrimp aquaculture since its first incidence in China in 1991. WSSV is a double stranded DNA virus belonging to the genus Whispovirus of family Nimaviridae. It has a wide host range and because of its high virulence it can cause 100% mortality in a period of 3-10 days. The tar...

The inhibitory effects of ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) and chlorpromazine hydrochloride on betanodavirus were evaluated on Sahul Indian sea bass kidney (SISK) cell line. The cytotoxicity of different concentrations of NH4Cl (0.1 mM, 1 mM, 10 mM, 100 mM and 500 mM) and chlorpromazine hydrochloride (1 μM, 10 μM, 100 μM, 200 μM and 500 μM) were assessed...

Emerging and existing diseases are the major havoc to the shrimp aquaculture industry. Outbreaks of viral epidemics severely hinder the sustainable farming system with significant economic losses worldwide. The Pacific white shrimp, Penaeus vannamei farming was seriously affected by infectious myonecrosis caused by a double-stranded RNA virus, infe...

Toll-like receptors are one of the pattern recognition receptors important in the innate immunity of vertebrates. TLR4 is well known for recognition of LPS of gram negative bacteria leading to production of inflammatory cytokines. MyD88 is one of the adaptor molecules facilitating downstream signalling in TLR pathway. The aim of this study was to d...

This poster was prepared on prolonged stunting of milkfish for better meat quality and growth

Sustainability for future aquaculture

A 60-day feeding trial was conducted to know the effect of vitamin C on the hematological responses of Pangasianodon hypophthalmus juveniles during pre-and post-challenge conditions with Aeromonas hydrophila. A total of seven purified diets were prepared with 0 (control), 17.5 (T1), 35 (T2), 70 (T3), 175 (T4), 350 (T5) and 700 (T6) mg ascorbic acid...

The innate immune signaling adapter, Mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein (MAVS) coordinates the signals received from two independent RLRs (RIG-1 and MDA5) to induce IFN & interferon stimulatory genes (ISGs). In the present study, we report identification of an orthologue of MAVS from Lates calcarifer (LcMAVS) and its functional role in pisci...

SUB-CELLULAR LOCALIZATION AND IN-VITRO ANTIVIRAL ACTIVITY OF TRANSIENTLY EXPRESSED MAVS ORTHOLOGUE FROM ASIAN SEABASS

A sixty-day feeding trial was conducted to determine the ascorbic acid (AA) requirement for growth of striped catfish, Pangasianodon hypophthalmus juveniles. Seven iso-nitrogenous and iso-energetic (370 g protein per kg and 19.6 MJ/kg) purified diets were prepared with different levels of ascorbic acid such as control (0), T1 (17.5), T2 (35), T3 (7...

Abrogation of RLR downstream signalling by nervous necrosis virus (NNV) is mediated through Drp-1 dependent mitochondrial fission

Mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein (MAVS), an innate immune signaling adapter coordinates the signals received from two independent cytosolic pathogen recognition receptors (RIG-1 and MDA5) to induce antiviral genes. In the present study the MAVS gene of Lates calcarifer (LcMAVS) was cloned and characterized. The complete cDNA sequence of Lc...

Disease surveillance programmes provide information on diseases that mitigate aquaculture production. Infectious myonecrosis virus (IMNV) has emerged recently as one of the OIE (Office International des Epizooties), the World Organisation for Animal Health listed viral diseases in penaeid shrimps, caused by dsRNA virus. The present study was con...

A 40-day experiment was conducted to study the effect of de-oiled oil palm kernel meal based biofloc system on growth performance and digestive enzyme activity of Litopenaeus vannamei. Juveniles of L. vannameiwith an average weight of (0.82±0.02 g) were stockedin tanks with a water volume of 150 L at a stocking density of 300 PL m-3. Highest weight...

The present study aimed to evaluate the reproductive performance of Koi carp, Cyprinus carpio exposed to different light spectra using light-emitting diodes, LEDs: blue (peak at 450nm), green (530 nm), yellow (580nm) and red (630nm) within a visible light under long photoperiod (16h, light : 8h, dark) at »0.9 W/m2 light intensity. White fluorescent...

This study investigates the effects of dietary lipopolysaccharide (LPS) as an immunostimulant on hematology, innate immunity, immune gene expression and protection against Edwardsiella tarda on Labeo bata. A basal diet supplemented with 0, 50, 100 and 150 mg LPS Kg⁻¹diet was fed to the four different groups for 30 days. The haematological (total er...

A Pilot Surveillance Status of Infectious Myonecrosis Virus (IMNV) in Indian Shrimp Aquaculture - From August 2015 to August 2016 - Presented at International Symposium on Aquatic Animal Health and Epidemiology for Sustainable Asian Aquaculture (ISAAHE) on April 20-21, 2017, ICAR-NBFGR, Lucknow, India

Presented at International Symposium on Aquatic Animal Health Epidemiology for Sustainable Asian Aquaculture (ISAAHE-2017) on 20-21 April 2017 at ICAR- NBFGR Lucknow, India

Viral nervous necrosis, an infectious neuro pathological disease causes mass mortality in larval and juvenile population of several teleost species and is of significant importance caused by Betanodavirus or NNV. In the present study, SISK cells displayed extensive mitochondrial fragmentation at 24hr and 48hr post infection with NNV. Quantitative r...

TLR5 is one of the important PRR (pathogen recognition receptors) and plays a fundamental role in pathogen recognition and activation of innate immune responses. It recognizes bacterial flagellin and stimulates the production of proinflammatory cytokines, through signalling via the adaptor protein MyD88. In this study, we characterized partial TLR5...

Plasmids are not integral part of bacteria as their absence makes no harm. But the extraordinary properties carried by plasmids make them attractive to study their usefulness for microbes in a hostile environment and it has tremendous contribution for molecular biotechnology. There are many classification of plasmids based on their properties, comp...

The present study was undertaken to assess the growth performance and non-specific immune response of koi carp, Cyprinus carpio exposed to light-emitting diodes (LEDs): blue (450 nm), green (530 nm), yellow (530 nm) and red (630 nm) under long photoperiod (16 h light) for 90 days. White fluorescent light (simulated natural photoperiod, SNP) was use...