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A Low Cost Health Monitoring System by
Maintaining Covid 19 Protocol
Kunal D. Gaikwad
Department of Electronics
MGSM’s ASC College Chopda, 425107
Jagaon, India
kunal g1 6 2 @ g m a il .c o m
Kamlesh V Chandekar
Department of Physics
Rayat Shikshan Sanstha’s,Karmaveer Bhaurao Patil College
Vashi,Mumbai,India
kamlexchandekar@yahoo.co.in
Abstract—Social isolation and home quarantining have been
standard procedures around the world, since the outbreak of the
novel coronavirus (COVID-19) sickness pandemic. Due to the
spread of the COVID-19 dise ase, patients’ remote monitoring
becomes even more important in this situation. There are two
reasons for this: (i) They must be kept alive and their symptoms
under control; (ii) the y must not leave the quarantined region
throughout the quarantine time. This work prese nts a low-cost
method for sensing patients’ the physiological characteristics and
displaying them on an Android-based mobi le application. The
Arduino UNO, a DHT11 Humidity Temperature Sensor sensor
device, and HC-05 Bluetooth module were carried out to make
up the system. A sensor was included in the system to capture the
physiological he alth parameters of patients automatically. As a
result, the patients can be remotely observed using the suggested
method from a safe distance, avoi ding direct contact and a dhering
to social distancing procedures. It was developed usi ng free
available online platform for developing mobile application is
MIT inventor-2. Thus, even at the most difficult stage of the
COVID-19 epidemic, increased health and a comfortable lifestyle
can be accomplished.
Index Terms—Covid 19 Pan demic, Arduino UNO, DHT11
Humidity Temperature Sensor, HC-05 Blue tooth,MIT inventor-
2,Mobile App.
I.
INTRODUCT ION
When the COVID- 19 s ickness was rapidly spreading over
the world, hospitals’ bigges t challenge was protecting their
med ical workers from the deadly infection. As a result, it is
the hospitals’ primary responsibility to protect their medical
staff from infection. If medical personnel do not approach
Covid patients in this condition, it is extremely difficult for
doctors or other med ical personnel to monitor the patients’
vital signs . If the sympto ms worsen, appropriate drugs must be
administered as soon as possible. There will be no more delays
in notifications. Implementation of a low-cost Bluetooth -based
system implies that the real-time phys iological parameter
Poonam U Gadgil
Department of Electronics
MGSM’s ASC College Chopda, 425107
Jalgaon, India
status on a s martphone via a mobile application. MIT App
Inventor was us ed to create this mobile app. The physical
interaction between the patient and the medical staff would
be minimized with this Bluetooth patient monitoring device.
When it comes to mobile applications, if they are built by
professionals for health monitoring, they are highly e xpens ive.
In this work, I suggested a system that runs on mobile applica-
tions created using MIT App Inventor, a free online p latform
for developing mobile applications. It consists of a wearable
sensor, an Arduino, a Bluetooth module, and a s martphone.
Body te mperature and humidity would be monitored through
wearable s ensors. The data sensed by the s ensors is processed
by Arduino, and the Bluetooth module transmits the data
wirelessly to the mobile phone. The wearable s ensor senses
the physiological data of patients, which are shown in real time
by the mobile applicat ion. This helps to prevent community
spread and shields medical personnel from direct patient touch.
When vital readings exceed or fa ll outside of the usual range,
alerts such as changing the colour of the data display on the
mobile application triggered by the patients would be s ent
out. The medical tea m can then take the necessary steps,
such as phoning doctors or booking an intensive care unit.
By using MIT app inventor, these features and functionalities
are built and developed in mobile applications . This s ys tem
also includes a visual depiction that helps developers better
understand the interactions that occur with in the Bluetooth
module and its design. Dif ferent types of entities, including lot
sensors and software’s, can be modeled. Th is characteristic is
ideal for the wireless concept and the requirements of the ne xt
low-cost health monitoring system.As a result,a health moni-
toring system can help patients reduce physical contact, wait
time, and total health costs while also decreas ing medical staff
strain, burden, and s tress. A dvancements in information and
communication technology, as well as mobile applications that
Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Trends in Electronics and Informatics (ICOEI 2022)
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enable connectivity everywhere and at any time, have made a
outstanding contribution to the development of the modern
healthcare system, which is used in telemedicine and other
portable med ical application [1]. The goal of this research is to
produce cross -platform Smart wea r using a wireless controller
and s ensor technology. The disadvantage of this paradigm is
that future biotech device attempts will need to be developed
in a cost-effective manner [2]. This type uses a temperature
sensor to measure the human body’s heat. The disadvantage
of this system was that it did not evaluate critical parameters
This paper describes the design and implementation of an IoT-
bas ed health monitoring gadget using the temperature and
pulse rate sensors [3]. The disadvantage of this arrangement
is that the Raspberry Pi is more e xpens ive. The proposed
system is appropriate for hospital use. Doctors and nurses
may monitor the ECG, temperature, BP, o xygen level in the
blood, and heartbeat of any patient at any time and from any
location using a computer or s martphone. The disa dvantage of
this model is that the free version of its mobile app has some
limitations [4].
.
II.
PROPOSED WORK
The System bloc k diagram consist of DHT-11 te mperature
and humidity sensors to monitor the patients’ body tempera-
ture and humidity levels. The ou tput readings of the sensors
are utilized to examine the patient’s health. These sensors are
linked to the Ardunio UNO M icro-controller, which allows
the patient to be monitored on a frequent basis. The HC 05
Bluetooth module is used to transfer physiological parameters
from the system to the mobile phone in wireless mode. If
there are any anomalies in any of the health parameters, the
doctor’s mobile application developed by MIT App inventor
sends out an alarm mess age via a change in color display.
DHT-11 Humidity and Temperature s ensor, HC 05 Bluetooth
module, and smart phone are the major components in this
system Fig. 1(A) and co mponents connection is e xplained in
Fig1(B).
Fig. 1. Block diagram of system
A.
Arduino Micro-controller
This is the system’s workhorse process or, and it was utilised
to link the entire system together. The Arduino board has a
number of d igita l and analogue input/output (I/o) pins that
can be connected to expansion boards, breadboards, and other
circuits[5]. The connection between Arduino and all sensors
must be established by plugging all sensors into Arduino.
The s ensors collect information from the patient, such as
temperature and humidity. Arduino uses code to collect data
from sens ors and s tores it in variab les. In A rduino, a s pecific
code must be written. This code us e a looping technique
to obtain data from sens ors in real time. Sens ors feed the
physiologic parameter data of patients to the Arduino every
time the algorithm is looped, allowing the Arduino to acquire
a live real-time p icture of the patient’s health. The data was
received by Arduino, and it needed to be s ent to the mobile
app through Bluetooth module. As a result, the current s tate
of patients ’ health may be tracked [6]. C, Java, and C++
are the three programming languages available. In this study,
however, C was chos en for the Arduino IDE instructions since
the Arduino IDE has made it straightforward to write code and
upload/burn the programme to an Ardu ino compatib le board.
The IDE version used in this paper is version 1.8.13. The code
was written based on the logic software’s output res ults. The
USB cable should be used to transport data from the PC to the
hardware, which will necess itate changing the port settings on
the Arduino.[7]
Fig. 2. Circuit Diagram of Proposed system
B.
Temperature and Humidity Sensor
The DHT11 is a widely us ed temperature and humidity sen -
sor with a dedicated Negative Temperature Coefficient (NTC)
Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Trends in Electronics and Informatics (ICOEI 2022)
IEEE Xplore Part Number: CFP22J32-ART; ISBN: 978-1-6654-8328-5
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for temperature measurement and an 8-bit microprocess or for
serial data output of temperature and humidity values .
C.
Bluetooth Module (HC-05)
The HC-05 Bluetooth Module is a simple Bluetooth SPP
(Serial Port Protocol) module that allows for the cons truction
of a transparent wireless s erial connection. It co mmunicates
via s erial trans mission, making it simple to connect to a
controller or PC. It receives the command and sends it to
the Arduino micro-controller for e xecution. Through a serial
port, the micro-controller receives the co mmand. As a result,
the Arduino micro-controller compares the command fro m the
Android phone to the Arduino Uno code. The relevant output
pin turns high if it matches the command. The micro-controller
sends a signal to the mobile app, which displays the related
readings on the phone. The HC-05 requires a s upply voltage
of 3.6VDC to 6VDC to operate, but the RXD pin’s logic level
is 3.3 V and is not 5 V tolerant. [7] The Bluetooth module
is connected to the Arduino-Uno board. Steps 1–3 were used
to connect the Arduino -Uno and the Bluetooth module so that
the mobile application could co mmunicate with the Arduino-
Uno. Step 1. The VCC p ins of the Bluetooth module and the
micro-controller were joined. Step 2. The GND pins of the
Bluetooth module and the micro-controller were joined. Step
3. Similarly, the Bluetooth module’s t rans mitter (Tx pin) is
connected to Pin 10 of the micro-controller, and the Bluetooth
module’s rece iver (Rx pin) is connected to Pin 11 of the micro-
controller.
D.
Mobile Application on Smart Phone
Object-oriented programming languages like Java or Swift
are commonly us ed to create the app. However, des igning
an Android application from the ground up may not be
appropriate or eff icient in all c ircumstances , particularly for
prototyping, when des igners are expected to concentrate on
the mobile application’s concept and design [8]. Furthermore,
particularly for thos e clients have without significant pro-
gramming expertise [9]. As a res ult, it is sometimes better
to utilize a v isual editor for developing a smart application
so that designers may mo re eas ily develop their sketch and
apply the planned concept. MIT App Inventor 2 is one of the
most wide ly used applications for this purpose [10]. The MIT
App Inventor 2 is a drag-and-drop visual environ ment that
allo ws users to design and develop fully functional Android
applications using a graphical interface [11, 12]. The Com-
ponent Designer and Blocks Editor are two e lements of the
MIT App Inventor 2. The components des igner is shown in
Fig. ( 2) [ 13], which allows the user to drag and drop items
like te xt bo xes and buttons to des ign an Android application’s
user interface. The Blocks Editor, on the other hand, allows
the user to programs the components to behave in specific
ways by organizing logic blocks [14], which look like puzzle
pieces and have their own s et of tabs and blanks. This allows
users to cons truct customized or broad s oftware wh ile avoiding
the ma jority of potential faults. Furthermore, becaus e it is
des igned for educational purposes, MIT App Inventor 2’s ease
of use makes it ideal for prototyping before moving forward
with the development of an Android app with more advanced
features . The MIT App Inventor 2 is utilized in this system to
construct an Android application that controls Bluetooth-based
devices. Because Bluetooth is the most extens ively utilized
communicat ion protocol in commerc ial ce llphones today, it
was chosen for wireless communicat ion. As a result, the
technology can be used without the need for an additional
smartphone module [10]. .
Fig. 3. The Components section of MIT App inventor (from MIT app inventor
website )
E.
Design and Implementation of Mobile Application
MIT app inventor2 created this mobile application; The
Designer and the Blocks Editor are the two parts of App
Inventor. In the Des igner section of a web browser window,
you’ve been configuring your app’s screen and components. To
begin programming the app’s behavior, navigate to the Blocks
Editor. To access the Blocks Editor, click the Blocks button
in the upper right corner of the MIT App inventor interface
screen Fig. (3)[13].
Fig. 4 . Blocks Edit or Section of MIT app inventor (from MIT app inventor
website )
F.
Colour changing indicators
This system’s humidity and temperature monitoring feature
is based on the flowchart shown in Fig. (4). Current reading
came from the patient body is displayed on the mobile
Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Trends in Electronics and Informatics (ICOEI 2022)
IEEE Xplore Part Number: CFP22J32-ART; ISBN: 978-1-6654-8328-5
978-1-6654-8328-5/22/$31.00 ©2022 IEEE 1717
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application through the coding with the MIT app inventor as
shown in Fig. (5 A 5 B)[15]. As depicted in fig when the
parameters cros ses the s et limit it change the color of the
display parameters as s hown in Figs. (5 A 5 B), (6) and (7)
respectively [15].
Fig. 5. Wor kflow of temperature and humidity sensor
G.
Bluetooth connectivity
The mobile application communicates with the host via
Bluetooth protocol; as a result, the user is aware of the
Bluetooth host’s address as well as the status of connectivity
(Fig.8). The part dedicated to this operation is built around
four components to ensure that the Bluetooth function runs
smoothly (Fig.9) (1) To detect all Bluetooth devices accessible
for connecting, press the Bluetooth Symbol (BS) button. (ii)
Display the name of the list of Bluetooth devices available
for pairing, (iii) Connectivity status when it is connected to
the host i.e. “connected” text message display, (iv) Disconnect
button.
The Bluetooth pairing process is as carried out (a) Press the
Bluetooth button to s earch the device from remote location
until the mess age is “disconnected” in red color, (b ) List of
remote devices near by the mobile application, (c) Select the
device from the list that you wanted to be form pair after
pairing the text mess age “connected” appears in green color on
mobile applicat ion, (d) The Bluetooth device is disconnected
with the disconnect button which red in color. When Discon -
nect button pressed then the Bluetooth link disconnected from
the pair devices and sound of disconnect come from the mobile
application using text to s peech components. The status change
to disconnect from connected [10].
III.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
A.
Mobile Application Test
After finishing the designed application part, the file that
will be installed on a mobile phone, namely an Android APK
file, can be developed by selecting the ’Build’ option in the
MIT app inventor 2 free online platform . The A PK file can
be downloaded by the two methods either it is downloaded
by generating QR code or simple code in online application
and scan the QR code or input the simple code using the MIT
APP inventor 2 Companion app that is already installed on
mobile phone. This mobile app is us ed for testing the mobile
app on your mobile phone without installation. Other method
is that save the APK f ile d irectly on the computer and install
it the user mobile phone. MIT app inventor’s build tab can be
used to make the app’s APK file available. It is approximately
4MB in s ize. The build tab provides two options for obtaining
an APK f ile for mob ile installation: the first is to download it
directly fro m download link, and the second is to s can a QR
code using a bar-code scanner (Fig. 10)[13].
Click on the button to download the app, right –click on
it top copy a download link or s can the code with a bar-
code s canner to install. After the ins tallation of Apk file, the
des igned app is testing on the several mobiles phone with
different configurations. The first phase of checking the app is
that s mart phone should connect with the Arduino host with
Bluetooth. This checking is to identify that the app is running
properly on all mobile phone with minimum specification
require for s mart phone. Therefore, in order to ensure that the
product reaches as many people as poss ible. These applications
tes ted on colleague mobile phone in our depart ment, w ith
this Bluetooth connectivity problem is also sort out. Form the
above result it is concluded that this app is run on any mobile
with minimum s pecification.
Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Trends in Electronics and Informatics (ICOEI 2022)
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Fig. 6. Blocks for t he system logic (Reference: https//github.com/embedded lab786 Temperature and Humidity Monitoring System)
Fig. 7. Blocks for the logic of change in color of the temperature and
humidity text (Referen ce https://github.com/embeddedlab786 Temperat ure and
Humidity Monitorin g System)
B.
Operational test
After the faithful link for mation between the mobile phone
and practical setup host system shown in Fig.11, the next step
is to check the mobile app is functioning properly on received
response from the host. The system on consist of temperature
and humidity sensor attached on the body of patient to send
Fig. 8 . Change of color of t emperature and humidity parameters on mobile
application
physiological para meters live readings on to the s mart phone
using Bluetooth technology. The mobile application is give
properly response to live reading came from the s ystem, a nd
the change in color of display reading for the minimum and
maximu m value is also functioning properly as shown in Fig.
12. The health worker’s has their mobile phone in hand, they
can follow COVID 19’s social distancing policy fro m the
patients, so they may see the trigger alert and take preventative
action to save the patient’s life. .
Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Trends in Electronics and Informatics (ICOEI 2022)
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Fig. 9. Flow chart of working of the system
Fig. 10. Bluetooth link fo rmation tab on mobile application: (a) Bluetooth
Connect button (b) Text m essage showing Bluetooth not connected (c) Text
message showing Bluetooth form pair wit h other devices (d) Blueto oth
disconnect Button
Fig. 11. Build T ab op tions of MIT app inventor
I V.
CONCLUSION
This paper presented the low cost solution is provided for
maintain Social d istance protocol in Covid 19 situation. The
entire world is phasing the COVID 19 pandemic situation,
as the health workers are still not sufficient to look after the
COVID 19 patients. So the situation is more dangers when the
patient does not get proper treatment on time. In this scenario
the health worker is protection is vital, if they infected at
Fig. 12. Practical Setup
Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Trends in Electronics and Informatics (ICOEI 2022)
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Fig. 13. Change in colour
the time of giving treatment to the patient, then the situation
make worst. So isolation of health worker fro m the infected
patient can be the s olution by maintain the s ocial distancing
at the time of monitoring the patient. But the problem is that
without monitoring patients’ phys iological parameters, health
worker cannot begin the treatment. This system is low-cost
since professional software develop ment is expens ive, and
the Arduino mic ro-controller is employed in this proposed
system rather than the Raspberry Pi. In co mparison to Arduino,
the Raspberry Pi employed in the e xisting system is more
expens ive. This proposed low cost system helps to monitor
and measure the temperature and humidity of the patients
with Bluetooth technology, send these live readings directly
on to the mobile phone of health worker. This system just
not provide live readings but it a lso provide a lerts when
the readings crosses certain pres et limits either it low or
high. This is indicated by change in color of live read ing on
application of mobile phone, which is developed using free
online platfo rm provided by MIT app inventor. It will also aid
in the maintenance of social distance. In rural area hospitals
and in less facility, it really helps to protect the health workers
and block the spreading of COVID 19 in rural hospitals.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
Authors thankful to my Pres ident of M GSM and Principal
of ASC College chopda for continuing s upport and encour-
agement
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Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Trends in Electronics and Informatics (ICOEI 2022)
IEEE Xplore Part Number: CFP22J32-ART; ISBN: 978-1-6654-8328-5
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