Krzysztof Artur Bogdanowicz

Military Institute of Engineer Technology · New Technologies Laboratory

Three new discotic liquid crystalline (DLC) penta(phenylethynyl)benzene derivatives (HSC0X, X = 1-3) in nonchiral, homogeneously chiral, and racemic conformations were used as smart dopants between poly[[4,8-bis[(2-ethylhexyl)oxy]benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b’]dithiophene-2,6-diyl][s-fluoro-2-[2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9], [10], [11], [12], [13], [14]...

Mechanical and thermal strains in organic photovoltaic layers deposited on poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) and glass substrates and the resulting effect on the bandgap energy have been determined for the organic charge-transfer polymer PTB7. Its strong bathochromic shift of the absorption spectra under pressure also depends on the layer preparat...

The present review is mainly focused on the extended analysis of the results obtained from coupled measurement techniques of a thermal imaging camera and chronoamperometry for imines in undoped and doped states. This coupled technique allows to identify the current-voltage characteristics of thin films based on imine, as well as to assess layer def...

In this review, the concept of a hybrid solar cell system, called all-weather solar cells, a new view on energy harvesting device design, is introduced and described in detail. Additionally, some critical economical, technological, and ecological aspects are discussed. Due to drastic global climate changes, traditional energy harvesting devices rel...

A new unsymmetrical imine with four thiophene rings was synthesized in a one-step reaction, starting from the commercially available and relatively inexpensive reagents. The obtained imine in the form of thin films exhibited photoluminescence properties in the 1.8–2.4 eV energy range and a photoluminescence lifetime of about 0.3 ns. The HOMO and LU...

This paper proposes molecular and supramolecular concepts for potential application in perovskite solar cells. New air-stable symmetrical imine, with thiadiazole moieties PPL2: (5E,6E)-N2,N5-bis(4-(diphenylamino)benzylidene)-1,3,4-thiadiazole-2,5-diamine), as a hole-transporting material was synthesised in a single-step reaction, starting with comm...

Appropriate and rational management of the energy produced by renewable energy sources is one of the most urgent challenges for the global energy sector. This paper is devoted to the systematic experimental and theoretical studies of a modular solar charger based on silicon and dye-sensitized solar cells as an energy source, and supercapacitor as a...

Due to its high electron affinity and electron mobility in a wide absorption range of the visible solar spectrum, [6,6]-phenyl-C71-butyric acid methyl ester (PC71BM) is often used as an efficient acceptor in organic photovoltaics. In turn, imines are additives to the active layer of organic solar cells, mainly due to the free electron pair of the i...

The article presents the Gaussian model of the electromagnetic radiation attenuation properties of two resin systems containing 75% or 80% of a carbonyl iron load as an absorber in the 4–18 GHz range. For the attenuation values obtained in the laboratory, mathematical fitting was performed in the range of 4–40 GHz to visualize the full curve charac...

The aim of the study was to investigate the influence of the environment's pH on the degradation of the layers of the ternary composite l,d-PLA : 5CB : SWCN (10 : 1 : 0.5, w/w/w), where l,d-PLA (poly(lactic acid)) is a biodegradable polymer, 5CB is a well-known liquid crystal (4'-pentyl-4-biphenylcarbonitrile), and SWCN are single-walled carbon nan...

We investigated the relaxation processes occurring in the sub-hertz frequency range, difficult to access in experiments, using unconventional method of analysing the dielectric relaxation spectra recorded for highly conductive donor–acceptor materials. In particular, we investigated how the dielectric properties of the conventionally used donor–acc...

The paper explores the possibilities of using carbonyl iron in the form of a powder for the manufacture of radar-absorbing paints – reducing the radar signature of the objects that they cover. The attenuation values in the range of 4–18 GHz for various coating thicknesses, ranging from 0.5 to 2.00 mm with 0.5 mm increment, and for different absorbe...

The aim of this study has been to examine in depth three siloxane resins (R1-R3) and two silanes (S1-S2) as hydrophobic self-cleaning layers for silicon and dye-sensitized solar cells. Herein, we focused on creating an active self-cleaning surface system using a combination of material and technical aspects. Siloxane resins were obtained via the hy...

Three C70 fullerene derivatives, namely, C70-BTB and C70-MTB with thiophene or C70-MTP thiophene and pyrrolidyne moieties were synthesized and compared with synthesized C70-IPH containing indene moieties. Moreover, C70-BTB was compared with C60-BTB to analyse in deep the influence of fullerene football and rugby balls on the selected opto-electrica...

Many armies around the world showed an increasing interest for the technology of renewable energy sources for military applications. However, to profit fully from solar or wind energy, an energy storage system is needed. In this article, we present an energy storage system based on acid-lead batteries as a component of a modular generation-storage...

This review presents the current state of the knowledge regarding the use of radioactive sources to generate photonic light in scintillators as converters of ionizing radiation to electricity in photovoltaic cells. The possibility of using the phenomenon of the excitation of light photons in the scintillation materials during the interaction with p...

The one of the most important issues in constructing light-harvesting photovoltaic (PV) systems with a charge storage element is its reliable and uninterrupted use in highly variable and weather-dependent conditions in everyday applications. Herein, we report the construction and applicability evaluation of a ready-to-use portable solar charger com...

The crystal structure was determined for the first time for 4-[(di-p-tolyl-amino)benzylidene]-(5-pyridin-4-yl-[1,3,4]thiadiazol-2-yl)-imine (trans-PPL9) by X-ray diffraction. The imine crystallized in the monoclinic P21/n space group with a = 18.9567(7) Å, b = 6.18597(17) Å, c = 22.5897(7) Å, and β = 114.009(4)°. Intermolecular interactions in the...

This work aims at assessment of TiO2 as the main layer component for self-cleaning layers in photovoltaic panels. TiO2 (derived from titanium (IV) butoxide or titanium (IV) isopropoxide) without and with silver was examined to find titania suitable microstructure and optical properties. For this purpose silver amounts ranging from 0.1 to 1% were us...

Unoriented and oriented membranes based on dendronized polymers and copolymers obtained by chemical modification of poly[2-(aziridin-1-yl) ethanol] (PAZE) with the dendron 3,4,5-tris[4-(n-dodecan-1-yloxy)benzyloxy]benzoate were considered. DSC, XRD, CP-MAS NMR and DETA, contribute to characterize the tendency to crystallize, the molecular mobility...

Recently, use of supercapacitors as energy storage systems has attracted considerable attention. However, the literature is scarce of information about the optimization of hybrid systems, using supercapacitors as the main energy storage system. In our study, we focused step-by-step on the engineering concept of a photo-rechargeable energy storage s...

In recent years, a great importance has been given to hybrid systems of energy generators and energy storages. This article presents the results of our research aimed at checking the possibility of connecting a photovoltaic (PV) module and a lithium-ion battery (LIB), using a simplified control module towards a cheap and efficient system. The photo...

The main goal of this paper was to show that organic layers prepared for organic solar cells construction can be partially characterized by IR thermographic camera to detect dysfunctionalities of the active layer. Moreover, we used IR thermographic camera to check thermal and electrical behaviour of created simple solar cells to reduce time and cos...

Polymer gel electrolytes based on poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF-HFP) and poly(acrylonitrile-co-butadiene) (PAB) or poly(dimethylsiloxane) bis(3-aminopropyl)-terminated (PDES-bAP) copolymers were prepared and investigated in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). Selected optical and electrochemical properties of all compositio...

The main goal of this paper was to study the optical, electrical, and thermal properties of hybrid composites based on biodegradable polymers (L,D-poly(lactic acid), polycaprolactone or Ecoflex®), single walled carbon nanotubes (SWCN), and 4′-pentyl-4-biphenylcarbonitrile (5CB). The biodegradable polymers’ binary and ternary compositions were analy...

Planar perovskite solar cells were fabricated on F-doped SnO2 (FTO) coated glass substrates, with 4,4'-((1E,1'E)-((1,2,4-thiadiazole-3,5-diyl)bis(azaneylylidene))bis(methaneylylidene))bis(N,N-di-p-tolylaniline) (bTAThDaz) as hole transport material. This imine was synthesized in one step reaction, starting from commercially available and relatively...

Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene:poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) water and toluene solutions were investigated in detail, taking into consideration their stability, wettability, transparency, and electrochemical properties, along with change polarity caused by dopant. As dopant, methanol, ethanol, and isopropanol were used with different dipole m...

In this paper, four new aromatic imines containing at least one thiazole-based heterocycle were analyzed in detail by UV-Vis spectroscopy, taking into consideration their chemical structures and interactions with PTB7, a known polymeric electron donor widely used in bulk heterojunction organic solar cells. It is demonstrated that the absorption spe...

In this study new symmetrical and unsymmetrical imines based on 4-[4-(4-fluorophenyl)1,3-thiazol-2-yl]aniline and 2,2′,5′,2”-terthiophene-5,5”-dicarboxaldehyde or 2,2’:5′, 2’’-terthiophene-5-carboxaldehyde, respectively, were synthesized by melt condensation with the yield of 86% and 40%. The 5% weight loss of the imines was found in temperature ra...

We report here the preparation and thermal, electrical and mechanical characterization of binary and ternary films based on l,d-poly(lactic acid) (l,d-PLA) and 4′-pentyl-4-biphenylcarbonitrile (5CB) and Single Walled Carbon Nanotubes (SWCN) with various weight ratio. The transitions for all investigated hybrid compositions detected by differential...

Organic–inorganic hybrids based on liquid crystalline symmetrical imine (8Z)-N-(4-((Z)-(4-pentylphenylimino)methyl)benzylidene)-4-pentylbenzenamine (AZJ1) with two aliphatic chains and TiO2 nanomaterials were obtained and investigated taking into account thr crystallographic form of titanium dioxide i.e. anatase versus rutile. The type of TiO2 infl...

A new piperazine imine, (7E)-N-((4-((E)-(4-hexadecylphenylimino)methyl)piperazin-1-yl)methylene)-4-dodecylbenzenamine, has been synthesized by the condensation of 1,4-piperazinedicarboxaldehyde with 4-hexadecylaniline. The imine was characterized by cyclic voltammetry, Fourier transform middle-infrared absorption spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction....

We report on the application of l,d-poly(lactic acid) (l,d-PLA) with dispersed Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (SWCN) as a flexible translucent electrode for organic devices. We used commercially available nanotubes in various weight ratios from 0 to 8% dispersed in chloroform polymeric solution by ultrasonication and were drop cast. The created hyb...

New liquid crystalline thiophene esters, thiophene-3-yl 3,4,5-tris(n-dodecan-1-yloxy)benzoate (ThBz1) and thiophene-3-yl 3,4,5-tris[4-(n-dodecan-1-yloxy)benzyloxy]benzoate (ThBz2), were synthesized for use in lithium-ion batteries as safe, new solvent-free ionic conductors. Both compounds were synthesized in multi-step reactions and were characteri...

Three (4,4′-((1E,1′E)-(2,5-bis(octyloxy)-1,4-phenylene)bis(ethene-2,1-diyl))bis-(E)-N-(2,5-bis(octyloxy)benzylidene)) imine derivatives were synthesized via a condensation reaction with p-toluenesulfonic acid as a catalyst. The effects of the end groups and vinylene (–HCCH–) moieties on the structural, thermal, optical, electrochemical and photovol...

Two bent-shaped imines (9E)-N-(3-((E)-(4-hexadecylphenylimino)methyl)benzylidene)-4-hexadecylbenzenamine (SL1) and (10E)-N-(3-((E)-(4-(perfluorooctyl)phenylimino)methyl)benzylidene)-4-(perfluorooctyl)benzenamine (SL2) were prepared by condensation reaction in N,N-dimethylacetamide to study their thermal, structural and electrochemical properties, a...

Low-modified liquid-crystalline polyether (CP36), as a model compound, was synthesised with the purpose of preparing a membrane with columnar ionic channels. A free-standing cation permselective biomimetic membrane was successfully prepared and found to have channels made of polymeric columns homeotropically oriented, which was confirmed in X-ray d...

The effect of the presence of titanium dioxide in two new imines, (E,E)-(butane-1,4-diyl)bis(oxybutane-4,1-diyl) bis(4- ([(benzo[d][1,3]thiazol-2-yl)methylidene]amino)benzoate) (SP1) and (E)-N-[(benzo[d][1,3]thiazol-2-yl)methylidene]-4-dodecylaniline (SP2), on the properties and stability of imine:TiO2 composites for organic device applications wer...

Graphene oxide (GO) was synthesized using modified Hummers method. GO films were deposited by doctor blade onto glass slides and Ecoflex® membranes using GO suspensions, or dip-coated onto molecular functionalized glass substrates. Doctor bladed films were studied by optical transmittance, linear sweep voltammetry and by thermal imaging under appli...

Poly[2-(aziridin-1-yl)ethanol] (PAZE) is a suitable polyamine candidate which can be dendronized with 3,4,5-tris[4-(n-dodecan-1-yloxy)benzyloxy]benzoic acid (TAP) in order to obtain liquid crystalline columnar polyamines, as previously reported. However, the resulting copolymers evidenced a strong tendency to crystallize which leads to the detrimen...

An evaluation of ion transport in new biomimetic membranes, which are based on dendronised liquid crystalline polyamines is described. Two-step modification of starting polymer allowed preparation of self-supported membranes. Current-Voltage curves confirmed cation permselective nature of these new membranes and size-dependent preferential selectiv...

Membranes with a high but remarkably humidity-independent proton conductivity were prepared. Side-chain liquid crystalline polyethers (SCLCPs), based on poly(epichlorohydrin) (PECH) and poly(epichlorohydrin-co-ethylene oxide) (P(ECH-co-EO)), dendronized with potassium 3,4,5-tris[4-(n-dodecan-1-yloxy)benzyloxy]benzoate were specially designed for th...

A new generation of hybrid biomimetic membranes, combining dendronised liquid-crystalline poly[2-(aziridin-1-yl)ethanol] with different modification degrees and anodized aluminum oxide as support, is reported here. The hybrid membranes are prepared by impregnation of the support with a 30% THF polymeric solution. The presence and homogeneous distri...

A study of ion transport in a new generation of hybrid biomimetic membranes, which are based on the formation of polymeric ionic wires via exo-recognition and subsequent orientation by thermal treatment, is presented. The specific conductivity of the hybrid membranes, obtained by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, is not strongly affected by r...

Microencapsulation has become a promising technology for new applications in fields like drug delivery, biosensing, biomaterials, catalysis, intelligent microstructures and microsystems, as well as in the field of consumer goods. This book is written by authors from academia and industry and aims to present industrial adoption of microcapsules as a...

Controlled release of photosensitive systems is widely studied because of its numerous applications. However, just a few descriptions of the mechanism of this phenomena were reported. The aim of this study was to investigate the behaviour of a real system based on light-sensitive α-methylstilbene- based copolyester microcapsules with vanillin as an...

A liquid crystal polyester and two liquid crystal copolyesters containing α-methylstilbene moieties and aliphatic or aromatic spacers in the backbone were synthesized in good yields, with the aim of using them for photosensitive microcapsule preparation. The synthesized polymers were fully characterized with respect to thermal stability, type of me...

Photosensitive microcapsules and membranes based on poly(alfa-methylstilbenesebacoate-co-alfamethylstilbeneisophthalate), containing the photosensitive alfa-methylstilbene moiety, were prepared by phase inversion precipitation process. In order to simulate the morphology and behavior of the microcapsule shell under UV irradiation, an exhaustive cha...