Krushnamegh Kunte

Tata Institute of Fundamental Research | TIFR · National Centre for Biological Sciences

Ten moth species, Monema coralina Dudgeon, 1895, Paralbara watsoni (Holloway, 1976), Phalera eminens Schintlmeister, 1997, Phalera argenteolepis Schintlmeister, 1997, Striatella nigralba (Hampson, 1894), Stigmatophora roseivena (Hampson, 1894), Tamba lala (Swinhoe, 1900), Mosopia kononenkoi Holloway, 2008, Chloroplaga pallida Warren, 1916 and Somat...

This booklet provides regional Hindi names of 221 species of Indian butterflies. It includes species that make up the butterfly fauna of urban greeneries, and species that are currently notified as state and union territory butterflies. The aim of this booklet is to help generate public awareness about butterflies, their biology, and conservation,...

We propose a new genus of plexippine jumping spiders from the Western Ghats of India based on the new species Ghatippus paschima gen. et sp. nov. While it bears a superficial resemblance to Pancorius in body form and Hyllus in membrane-bearing embolus, our UCE phylogenomic data—the first to resolve broad relationships within the Plexippina—as well...

Temperature is thought to be a key factor influencing global species richness patterns. We investigate the link between temperature and diversification in the butterfly family Pieridae by combining next generation DNA sequences and published molecular data with fine-grained distribution data. We sampled nearly 600 pierid butterfly species to infer...

A new species, Cigaritis conjuncta sp. nov. (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae), is described based on five male and four female specimens from Honey Valley, Kodagu District, Karnataka, which is part of the Western Ghats biodiversity hotspot, India. Cigaritis conjuncta sp. nov. is distinguished from all other congeners in India and Sri Lanka based on the fol...

Damselflies of the genus Lestes Leach, 1815 are represented in India by 11 species. Using specimens collected over the last five years, we report on the rediscovery of Lestes nigriceps in India after 98 years, at two new localities in the Western Ghats. This species was observed at the Aarey Milk Colony, Mumbai, and in the Sindhudurg District, Maha...

In light of new evidence from DNA and morphology of male genitalia, we review and clarify the status of nominal lycaenid taxa Hesperia parrhasius Fabricius 1793, Lycaena pandava Horsfield [1829], L. contracta Butler 1880 and Catochrysops ella Butler 1881. We designate a neotype for H. parrhasius and a lectotype for C. bengalia de Nicéville, 1885. T...

Long‐term species monitoring programmes have revealed catastrophic declines in insect populations and disruption of biological communities that are contributing to biodiversity loss. Such discoveries have been possible because of standardised methods, such as line transects, of counting butterflies and other insects. However, line transects are not...

The challenges of bee research in Asia are unique and severe, reflecting different cultures, landscapes, and faunas. Strategies and frameworks developed in North America or Europe may not prove applicable. Virtually none of these species have been assessed by the IUCN and there is a paucity of public data on even the basics of bee distribution. If...

Himalaya and the Tibetan Plateau, known as the ‘land of snow’ and the ‘roof of the world’, is home to tens of millions of indigenous people who live with a staggering amount of biological diversity. In the past decade scientists have applied genomic tools and methods to substantially advance the understanding of phylogeography and genetic mechanism...

Prey seldom rely on a single type of antipredator defence, often using multiple defences to avoid predation. In many cases, selection in different contexts may favour the evolution of multiple defences in a prey. However, a prey may use multiple defences to protect itself during a single predator encounter. Such “defence portfolios” that defend pre...

The range of the butterfly genus Pseudocoladenia includes several biodiversity hotspots, such as the Himalayas, mountains of southwestern China, and Sundaland. However, the taxonomic status of some of its species/subspecies remain controversial, and no previous phylogenetic or biogeographic analyses have been conducted. Herein, we determined the sy...

Butterflies are a diverse and charismatic insect group that are thought to have evolved with plants and dispersed throughout the world in response to key geological events. However, these hypotheses have not been extensively tested because a comprehensive phylogenetic framework and datasets for butterfly larval hosts and global distributions are la...

A new species, Piarosoma arunachalensis sp. nov., is described and illustrated based on external characters and the genitalia of two male specimens from Tale Wildlife Sanctuary, Lower Subansiri District, Arunachal Pradesh, India. The new species is distinguished from other Piarosoma by a combination of: a) presence of large hyaline patches on the w...

The Indo-Australian genus Caltoris has over 15 species distributed from India through south China and SE Asia into New Guinea and Solomon Islands. Based on wing colouration, characters of male genitalia, and early larval stages on the host plant Phragmites karka, a new subspecies of Caltoris bromus (Leech, 1894), C. b. sadasiva ssp. nov., is descri...

The swallowtail genus Papilio (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae) is species rich, distributed worldwide, and has broad morphological habits and ecological niches. Because of its elevated species richness, it has been historically difficult to reconstruct a densely sampled phylogeny for this clade. Here we provide a taxonomic working list for the genus, re...

Multitrait adaptive evolution is shaped by factors such as phylogenetic and functional constraints as well as the intensity and direction of selection. The tempo and mode of such multitrait evolution can differentially impact the assembly of biological communities. Batesian mimicry, in which undefended prey gain a fitness advantage by evolving a re...

Long-term socioeconomic progress requires a healthy environment/ecosystem, but anthropogenic activities cause environmental degradation and biodiversity loss. Constant ecological monitoring is, therefore, necessary to assess the state of biodiversity and ecological health. However, baseline data are lacking even for ecologically sensitive regions s...

Withdrawal statement This manuscript has been withdrawn after a formal notification from the National Centre for Biological Sciences (Bengaluru, India) as it was submitted without listing all contributing authors. Therefore, this work should not be cited as reference for the project.

Gene duplication is a vital process for evolutionary innovation. Functional diversification of duplicated genes is best explored in multicopy gene families such as histones, hemoglobin, and opsins. Rhodopsins are photo-sensitive proteins that respond to different wavelengths of light and contribute to diverse visual adaptations across insects. Whil...

Temperature is thought to be a key variable explaining global patterns of species richness. However, to investigate this relationship carefully, it is necessary to study clades with broad geographic ranges that are comprised of species inhabiting diverse biomes with well-characterized species ranges. In the present study, we investigate the link be...

Comparative phylogenetic studies based on 2D image data can reveal macroevolutionary patterns and processes by integrating phylogenetic and ecological analyses. The advent of high-throughput imaging facilities has led to the accumulation of large image datasets; however, large-scale data extraction and analysis using these resources can be labour-...

Contamination of a genetic sample with DNA from one or more non-target species is a continuing concern of molecular phylogenetic studies, both Sanger sequencing studies and Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) studies. We developed an automated pipeline for identifying and excluding likely cross-contaminated loci based on detection of bimodal distribut...

Butterflies are a diverse and charismatic insect group that are thought to have diversified via coevolution with plants and in response to dispersals following key geological events. These hypotheses have been poorly tested at the macroevolutionary scale because a comprehensive phylogenetic framework and datasets on global distributions and larval...

We describe a new species of dragonfly, Burmagomphus chaukulensis sp. nov., based on four males and two females from Chaukul, Sindhudurg, Maharashtra located in the Western Ghats biodiversity hotspot of India. The newly described species is diagnosed from its congeners by a combination of following characters: the shape of male caudal appendages (p...

The collection of caterpillar fungus accounts for 50-70% of the household income of thousands of Himalayan communities and has an estimated market value of $5-11 billion across Asia. However, Himalayan collectors are at multiple economic disadvantages compared with collectors on the Tibetan Plateau because their product is not legally recognized. U...

A long-standing problem in evolutionary biology and systematics is defining patterns of diversification and speciation, which is compounded by allopatric distributions of polytypic taxa in biogeographically fragmented landscapes. In this paper we revisit this enduring systematic challenge using Mormon swallowtail butterflies ( Papilio subgenus Mene...

Theory predicts that in allopatric populations, genomic divergence and reproductive barriers will be driven largely by random genetic drift, and thereby evolve slowly in large populations. However, local adaptation and divergence under selection may also play important roles, which remain poorly characterised. Here we address three key questions in...

Jangid, A.K., A. Kamdar, K. Kunte, and A. Pyron. 2022. Classification Of Indian Reptiles. In Kamdar, A., A, Jangid, P. Roy, and K. Kunte (eds.). Reptiles of India, v. 1.26. Indian Foundation for Butterflies. Available at: https://www.indianreptiles.org/classification

Long-term socioeconomic progress requires a healthy environment/ecosystem, but anthropogenic activities cause environmental degradation and biodiversity loss. Constant ecological monitoring is therefore necessary to assess the state of biodiversity and ecological health. However, baseline data is lacking even for ecologically sensitive regions such...

A new species, Endoclita makundae sp. nov., from the state of Assam, represents the first new species of Endoclita described for India in the last 60 years. The external female genitalia are illustrated and described. We suggest the species name E. signifer can be applied with confidence only to populations in Meghalaya and northern Bangladesh. Dat...

As the pace of socioeconomic developments continues to accelerate, the environmental degradation and biodiversity loss become the norm. While it is crucial to constantly monitor and assess ecological impacts, baseline data are scanty for ecologically sensitive regions and biodiversity hotspots such as the Western Ghats. With their great public appe...

A new species, Zographetus dzonguensis sp. nov., is described based on three male specimens from Upper Dzongu, North Sikkim District, Sikkim, India. The new species is closely similar to Z. pangi from Guangdong and Z. hainanensis from Hainan, China, from which it is distinguished based on the following combination of external characters: (a) forewi...

Mimicry rings are communities of mimetic organisms that are excellent models for ecological and evolutionary studies because the community composition, the nature of the species interactions, the phenotypes under selection, and the selective agents are well characterized. Here, we review how regional and ecological filtering, density- and frequency...

A new species of Thitarodes Viette is described from the montane habitat of Balmiya in the western Himalaya of Uttarakhand, India. Genitalia are described and illustrated for male and female specimens. The species is distinctive for its sinuate-shaped valva of the male genitalia and this feature distinguishes it from all other Thitarodes species wh...

A new species of Thitarodes Viette is described from the montane habitat of Balmiya in the western Himalaya of Uttarakhand, India. Genitalia are described and illustrated for male and female specimens. The species is distinctive for its sinuate-shaped valva of the male genitalia and this feature distinguishes it from all other Thitarodes species wh...

A new species of Thitarodes Viette is described from the montane habitat of Balmiya in the western Himalaya of Uttarakhand, India. Genitalia are described and illustrated for male and female specimens. The species is distinctive for its sinuate-shaped valva of the male genitalia and this feature distinguishes it from all other Thitarodes species wh...

Long-term monitoring programmes have revealed catastrophic population declines that are contributing to biodiversity loss. These discoveries and the underlying programmes have been possible because of standardised methods of counting butterflies. Butterflies have been monitored using modified line transects, known in butterfly monitoring schemes as...

Biodiversity is declining worldwide due to anthropogenic disturbances. There is a vital need to be able to predict the impacts of these disturbances on ecological communities. Species’ attributes such as habitat preference and functional morphological traits may help in uncovering broad patterns in their responses to anthropogenic habitat disturban...

The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) related to tribe Cicadini exhibit some of the most remarkable phenotypes in the family, with many genera possessing striking colour patterns and unusual morphological features. This largely Asian group of 13 tribes has proven challenging for cicada taxonomists, in part because of likely convergent evolution or los...

Three new species of the Asian genus Mata Distant, 1906 (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) viz. Mata lenonia sp.nov.; Mata ruffordii sp.nov. and Mata meghalayana sp.nov. are described from Indian state of Meghalaya. Keys and taxonomic descriptions of these species are provided with detailed accounts of their natural history and acoustics.

Molecular phylogenies have yielded strong support for many parts of the amphibian Tree of Life, but poor support for the resolution of deeper nodes, including relationships among families and orders. To clarify these relationships, we provide a phylogenomic perspective on amphibian relationships by developing a taxon-specific Anchored Hybrid Enrich...

The systematics and taxonomy of the tropical Asian jumping spiders of the tribe Baviini is reviewed, with a molecular phylogenetic study (UCE sequence capture, traditional Sanger sequencing) guiding a reclassification of the group’s genera. The well-studied members of the group are placed into six genera: Bavia Simon, 1877, Indopadilla Caleb & Sank...

Three new species of Protosticta Selys, 1885 (Odonata: Zygoptera: Platystictidae) from the Western Ghats biodiversity hotspot in India: P. cyanofemora sp. nov. (wet evergreen forests in Shendurney Wildlife Sanctuary, Kollam, Kerala and Kalakkad Mundanthurai Tiger Reserve, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu), P. myristicaensis sp. nov. (Myristica swamp at Kath...

Adaptive phenotypes often arise by rewiring existing developmental networks. Co-option of transcription factors in novel contexts has facilitated the evolution of ecologically important adaptations. doublesex ( dsx ) governs fundamental sex differentiation during embryonic stages and has been co-opted to regulate diverse secondary sexual dimorphism...

Ourapteryx dierli Inoue, 1994, a geometrid moth known only from Nepal, is recorded from Uttarakhand, India.

Adaptive phenotypes often arise by rewiring existing developmental networks. Co-option of transcription factors in novel contexts has facilitated the evolution of ecologically important adaptations. doublesex (dsx) governs fundamental sex differentiation during embryonic stages and has been co-opted to regulate diverse secondary sexual dimorphisms...

A new species, Metallolophia taleensis, sp. nov., is described and illustrated from Tale Wildlife Sanctuary, Lower Subansiri District, Arunachal Pradesh, India, based on male specimens. A second species, Metallolophia opalina (Warren, 1893), is recorded from India after more than a century, extending its range eastwards into Arunachal Pradesh, Indi...

Movement may fundamentally alter morphology and reproductive states in insects. In long-distance migrants, reproductive diapause is associated with trade-offs between diverse life-history traits such as flight morphology and lifespan. However, many non-diapausing insects engage in shorter resource-driven dispersals. How diapause and other reproduct...

Much confusion surrounds the occurrence of Appias lalage Doubleday, 1842 (Lepidoptera: Pieridae: Pierinae), also known as the Spot Puffin butterfly, in the Western Ghats. The Western Ghats is a mountain chain that runs along the western coast of southern India, and it is one of the globally recognized biodiversity hotspots. Its evergreen forest flo...

Pigmentation is involved in a wide array of biological functions across insect orders, including body patterning, thermoregulation, and immunity. The melanin pathway, in particular, has been characterized in several species. However, molecular evolution of the genes involved in this pathway is poorly explored. We traced the molecular evolution of s...

• Traits that are significant to the thermal ecology of temperate or montane species are expected to prominently co‐vary with the thermal environment experienced by an organism. The Himalayan Pieris canidia butterfly exhibits considerable variation in wing melanisation. We investigated: (i) whether variation in wing melanisation and (ii) activity p...

Caterpillars of many lycaenid butterflies are tended by ants that offer protection from predators and parasitoids. Specialized structures such as glands, ciliary organs and chitinous ornamentation in caterpillars play key roles in the underlying tactile, acoustic, and chemical communication between caterpillars and ants. Although the ecological, ev...

Molecular phylogenies have yielded strong support for many parts of the amphibian Tree of Life, but poor support for the resolution of deeper nodes, including relationships among families and orders. To clarify these relationships, we provide a phylogenomic perspective on amphibian relationships by developing a taxon-specific Anchored Hybrid Enrich...

Pigmentation is involved in a wide array of biological functions across insect orders, including body patterning, thermoregulation, and immunity. The melanin pathway, in particular, has been characterized in several species. However, molecular evolution of the genes involved in this pathway is poorly characterized, and their roles in pigmentation o...

Pachliopta aristolochiae has been assessed as Least Concern. In 1985, Collins and Morris listed this species as 'generally common and not threatened'. It appears that this species is still very common and widespread, with an estimated extent of occurrence of around 20 million km2. Although some localized threats may be present, in general, this spe...

Atrophaneura rhodifer has been assessed as Near Threatened. This species has an extent of occurrence of around 7,000 km2. This area was calculated assuming that none of the small islands around the Middle, North, South and Little Andaman are part of the range of this species. In fact, it is likely that this species is not present on many of the sma...

Associations with gut microbes are believed to play crucial roles in the physiology, immune function, development and behaviour of insects. However, microbiome sequencing has recently suggested that butterflies are an anomaly, because their microbiomes do not show strong host- and developmental stage-specific associations. We experimentally manipul...

Tarucus (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) is a group of Afro-Oriental butterflies, with the Indian Subcontinent being one of its centers of diversity with eight species. In this study, we provide a taxonomic and nomenclatural review of these species based on morphology (male genitalia) and type specimens, and designate lectotypes in the Natural History Mus...

The repeated evolutionary specialization of distantly related insects to cardenolide-containing host plants provides a stunning example of parallel adaptation. Hundreds of herbivorous insect species have independently evolved insensitivity to cardenolides, which are potent inhibitors of the alpha-subunit of Na ⁺ ,K ⁺ -ATPase (ATPα). Previous studie...

doublesex regulates early embryonic sex differentiation in holometabolous insects, along with the development of species-, sex-, and morph-specific adaptations during pupal stages. How does a highly conserved gene with a critical developmental role also remain functionally dynamic enough to gain ecologically important adaptations that are divergent...

Eurema nilgiriensis Yata, 1990, the Nilgiri grass yellow, was described from Nilgiris in southern India. There are not many published records of this species since its original description, and it was presumed to be a high-elevation endemic species restricted to its type locality. Based on the external morphology (wing patterns) as well as the male...

Associations with gut microbes play a crucial role in the physiology, immune function, development, and behavior of many insects. However, butterflies may be an exception to this pattern since butterfly microbiomes do not show the host-specific and developmental shifts that are expected to evolve under strong host-microbial associations. Here, we p...

Byasa dasarada has been assessed as Least Concern. This species has a large extent of occurrence is in excess of 4 million km2. It is unknown if there are any major threats affecting the species across its global range; potential threats across the region and in certain localities are likely relatively localised resulting in a vast number of locati...

Pachliopta pandiyana has been listed as Least Concern. Although the species is relatively range-restricted, being endemic to the Western Ghats of India, its estimated extent of occurrence exceeds 200,000 km2. It occupies a wide range of forest habitats and uses a commonly occurring host plant, and is itself thought to be common where it occurs. It...

Pachliopta hector has been assessed as Least Concern. Despite some regional threats, the species occupies a wide range resulting in an extent of occurrence far exceeding the threshold for a threatened listing. The species has been found in a variety of habitats, including urban habitats, parks, and disturbed habitats. The species is generally commo...

Atrophaneura varuna is listed as Least Concern. It has a vast extent of occurrence, exceeding 5 million km2. The species is also known to occupy different habitats across its distribution in mostly India, Myanmar, and Malaysia and uses commonly occurring host plants. However, the species does show local rarity in some localities (including an Endan...

Atrophaneura aidoneus has been assessed as Least Concern. This is a widespread species, with an estimated extent of occurrence in excess of 4 million km2. While local threats, especially those causing forest loss, are likely to impact the species, it has been recorded in many protected areas throughout its range, is at times considered at least loc...

Byasa polla has been assessed as Least Concern. This species has a wide extent of occurrence from northeastern India and Bhutan to parts of China. However, threats have been reported from different parts of the species range and it has been assessed as threatened or near threatened in a number of national-scale assessments. As a result, conservatio...

Bhutanitis ludlowi has been listed as Endangered B2ab(ii,iii). The species has a low extent of occurrence of approximately 47,000 km2, however only exists in a few locations (<5) and has a restricted area of occupancy of approximately 48 km2. The species is also listed under Appendix II of CITES, and is internationally traded on account of its rari...

The repeated evolutionary specialisation of distantly related insects to cardenolide-containing host plants provides a stunning example of parallel adaptation. Hundreds of herbivorous insect species have independently evolved insensitivity to cardenolides, which are potent inhibitors of the alpha-subunit of Na+, K+-ATPase (ATPα). Previous studies i...

Atrophaneura rhodifer has been assessed as Near Threatened. This species has an extent of occurrence of around 7,000 km2. This area was calculated assuming that none of the small islands around the Middle, North, South and Little Andaman are part of the range of this species. In fact, it is likely that this species is not present on many of the sma...

Pachliopta aristolochiae has been assessed as Least Concern. In 1985, Collins and Morris listed this species as 'generally common and not threatened'. It appears that this species is still very common and widespread, with an estimated extent of occurrence of around 20 million km2. Although some localised threats may be present, in general this spec...

The Oriental tribe Aeromachini (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae: Hesperiinae) is diverse and widespread, but its monophyly and circumscription remain unresolved. In this study, we inferred phylogenetic relationships within the tribe using two mitochondrial (16S and COI‐COII) and two nuclear genes (EF‐1α and Wingless) from 71 samples representing all of th...

Bhutanitis lidderdalii is listed under Least Concern.

We present a list of 282 species of moths recorded during surveys conducted over 31 survey nights during a 3-year period in Shendurney Wildlife Sanctuary (WLS) and Ponmudi, Kerala, India. Shendurney WLS and Ponmudi are part of the Agasthyamalai Biosphere Reserve in the southern Western Ghats, which is one of India’s three biodiversity hotspots. She...

Natural selection by visually hunting predators has led to the evolution of color defense strategies such as masquerade, crypsis, and aposematism that reduce the risk of predation in prey species. These color defenses are not mutually exclusive, and switches between strategies with ontogenic development are widespread across taxa. However, the evol...

The cicada genus Rustia Stål, 1866 is redescribed. The synonymy of Gudaba Distant, 1906 n. syn. is proposed reassigning the four species of that genus to become Rustia apicata (Distant, 1906) n. comb., Rustia longicauda (Lei, 1996) n. comb., Rustia maculata (Distant, 1912) n. comb., and Rustia marginata (Distant, 1897) n. comb. Two new species, Rus...

Bacterial communities associated with insects can substantially influence host ecology, evolution and behaviour. Host diet is a key factor that shapes bacterial communities, but the impact of dietary transitions across insect development is poorly understood. We analysed bacterial communities of 12 butterfly species across different developmental s...

A molecular phylogeny and a review of family-group classification are presented for 137 species (ca. 125 genera) of the insect family Cicadidae, the true cicadas, plus two species of hairy cicadas (Tettigarctidae) and two outgroup species from Cercopidae. Five genes, two of them mitochondrial, comprise the 4992 base-pair molecular dataset. Maximum-...

Eastern Himalaya and northeastern India are part of two global biodiversity hotspots, yet the critical butterfly-plant associations and early stages of most butterfly species in this region are poorly recorded. We have reported early stages and larval host plants of 78 butterfly species, some of which are rare and endemic, providing specific inform...

We present a systematic, updated checklist of larval host plants of the butterflies of the Western Ghats, a globally recognized biodiversity hotspot. This includes recent new records, with a total of approximately 834 plant species/groups belonging to 88 families that are used by 320 butterfly species of the Western Ghats (the host plant records fo...

Eastern Himalaya and northeastern India are part of two global biodiversity hotspots, yet the critical butterfly-plant associations and early stages of most butterfly species in this region are poorly recorded. We have reported early stages and larval host plants of 78 butterfly species, some of which are rare and endemic, providing specific inform...

We present a systematic, updated checklist of larval host plants of the butterflies of the Western Ghats, a globally recognized biodiversity hotspot. This includes recent new records, with a total of approximately 834 plant species/groups belonging to 88 families that are used by 320 butterfly species of the Western Ghats (the host plant records fo...

Bacterial communities associated with insects can substantially influence host ecology, evolution and behavior. Host diet is a key factor that shapes bacterial communities, but the impact of dietary transitions across insect development is poorly understood. We analyzed bacterial communities of 12 butterfly species across different development stag...

A new species of the genus Theretra Hübner [1819], Theretra shendurneensis sp. nov., is described from Shendurney Wildlife Sanctuary, southern Western Ghats, India, based on external and internal morphology, and genetic markers. The new species is compared in external and male genital morphology, genetic divergence and geographic range with three s...

Butterfly wing patterns are key adaptations that are controlled by remarkable developmental and genetic mechanisms that facilitate rapid evolutionary change. With swift advancements in the fields of genomics and genetic manipulations, identifying the regulators of wing development and mimetic wing patterns has become feasible even in nonmodel organ...

We here describe a new cicada species, Platypleura poorvachala sp. nov., (Hemiptera: Cicadidae: Cicadinae) from the Eastern Ghats of India. The combination of following characters distinguishes this species from its platypleurine relatives: (a) transverse continuous infuscation along the nodal line and in the central area of the forewings, and (b)...

Cephalaeschna acanthifrons sp. nov. collected from Eaglenest Wildlife Sanctuary, West Kameng District, Arunachal Pradesh, India, and Planaeschna poumai sp. nov. collected from two localities in Senapati District, Manipur, India, are described and compared with congeneric species. These records also represent the first reports of these obscure gener...