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New Thiratoscirtus species from equatorial Africa (Araneae: Salticidae)

Authors:
Konrad Wiśniewski at Uniwersytet Pomorski w Słupsku
Konrad Wiśniewski
  • Uniwersytet Pomorski w Słupsku
Wanda Wesołowska
Wanda Wesołowska
Wanda Wesołowska
  • This person is not on ResearchGate, or hasn't claimed this research yet.
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Abstract

Two new species of jumping spiders – Thiratoscirtus mastigophorus and Th. perspicuus – are described from equatorial Africa. Their affinities and distribution are discussed.
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Genus Vol. 24
Thiratoscirtus 

Konrad WiśnieWsKi & Wanda WesołoWsKa


abstract.   Thiratoscirtus mastigophorus 
Th. perspicuus    

     Thiratoscirtus   


Thiratoscirtus 
PlatnicK
WesołoWsKa & russell-smithWesołoWsKa & edWards
Thi-
ratoscirtusbodner & maddison

Th. patagonicus simon
Th. niveimanus
simon
simon’s
szűts  WesołoWsKa & russell-smithbodner
& maddisonPrószyńsKi


252 




Genus Thiratoscirtus Simon, 1886
Thiratoscirtus simonWesołoWsKa & russell-smith
Thiratoscirtus patagonicus simon
 Thiratoscirtus simon (1886)
WesołoWsKa & russell-smith
 –   
       


  


Thiratoscirtus mastigophorus sp. nov.

holotyPe
zaire
          

ParatyPes
zaire


diagnosis



Thiratoscirtus species
Th. bi-
paniculus WesołoWsKa & russell-smith,

Th. bipaniculus).

THIRATOSCIRTUS 
etymology
mastigophorusmastig
phoros

descriPtion
    
-

-



1-5. Thiratoscirtus mastigophorus

254 
Thiratoscirtus mastigophorus

255
THIRATOSCIRTUS 



 










Thiratoscirtus mastigophorus-

256 
 


  






Thiratoscirtus perspicuus sp. nov.

holotyPe
 congo       
Senecio
ParatyPes
ivory coast
congo
congo


diagnosis

-



etymology
 perspicuus  

descriPtion
 
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        

  
   
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
THIRATOSCIRTUS 
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
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-
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

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
-


Thiratoscirtus perspicuus

258 
Thiratoscirtus perspicuus


THIRATOSCIRTUS 





Thiratoscirtus
          
   bodner & maddison  

Thiratoscirtus-

le houérou
Thiratoscirtus.
 
  Th. perspicuus
Thiratoscirtus perspicuus-

260 
Th. mastigophorusTh. perspicuus-
SenecioDendrosenecio
erici-rosenii
Knox & Palmer 

Th. mastigophorus


bodner & maddison
Thiratoscirtus





 WesołoWsKa & russell-smithbodner & maddison
WesołoWsKa & edWards 2012  bodner & maddi-
son
  
ThiratoscirtusAlfenusBacelarella, LongarenusMallonetaPochyta
-

Thiratoscirtus


bodnermaddison
65
le houérou

KnoxPalmer
92
PlatnicK

PrószyńsKi

simon

11
szűts

WesołoWsKa, W., edWards, g. b  
62
WesołoWsKa, W., russell-smith, a
61
... The type genus Thiratoscirtus Simon, 1886 contains 28 valid nomina with highest diversity in Central and West Africa (World Spider Catalog 2023). The current concept of Thiratoscirtus is exceptionally broad, with a great deal of variation exhibited in the genitalia with several possible monophyletic groups (for a generally applicable diagnosis followed here, see Wesołowska & Russell-Smith 2011;Wiśniewski & Wesołowska 2013). Bodner and Maddison (2012) illustrated a series of morphospecies of thiratoscirtines from Gabon, noting several species may belong to Thiratoscirtus as currently delimited. ...
... nov. is closest to T. bipaniculus Russell-Smith, 2011 andT. mastigophorus Wiśniewski &Wesołowska, 2013 in general epigyne structure, with a relatively long drawn-out posterior lip of the epigyne and a subrectangular epigynal atria. Additionally, T. kalisia is the only other described congener with which T. bipaniculus shares the two lateral clumps of dense black hairs on the epigyne. ...
Discovery of three new species of Thiratoscirtus (Araneae: Salticidae: Thiratoscirtinae) from Central African rainforest
Article
Full-text available
  • Jan 2024
  • ZOOTAXA
Three new species of Thiratoscirtus are described from Salonga National Park, D.R. Congo: Thiratoscirtus iyomii (♂♀), T. kalisia (♀) and T. khonvoum (♀). All species were caught on the forest floor during a rapid biodiversity inventory and represent the second report of spider collections from the largest protected tropical rainforest reserve in Africa.
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... The tarsus of the female pedipalp is armed with 1-3 spines. The diagnostic features of the genus have been summarized in Wesołowska & Russellsmith (2011) and Wiśniewski & Wesołowska (2013). Currently, 21 species of Thiratoscirtus are known (World spider Catalog 2014). ...
Two new Thiratoscirtus species from Gabon (Araneae, Salticidae, Thiratoscirtinae)
Article
Full-text available
  • May 2015
Two new species of jumping spiders, Thiratoscirtus oberleuthneri (male) and Th. lamboji (female), are described from Gabon, one of the least explored areas of the Afrotropics. Both species live in rainforest, at the forest floor. They are members of a very poorly known subfamily of salticids, the Thiratoscirtinae.
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Over 40 years with jumping spiders: on the 70th birthday of Wanda Wesołowska
Article
Full-text available
  • Dec 2020
Professor Wanda Wesołowska (maiden name Nowysz)—an internationally recognised expert in the taxonomy of jumping spiders (Araneae: Salticidae)—was born in Włocławek (Central Poland) on 11 August 1950. Wanda spent her youth and received her primary and secondary education in Szczecin (NW Poland). After finishing school in 1968, she entered the Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, where she studied biology. Wanda graduated with a MSc degree in 1973. Her thesis was devoted to birds and was titled “Observations on the water and marsh birds on the storage-reservoir on the Vistula river near Włocławek during migration seasons”. This research was published as a scientific paper (Nowysz-Wesołowska 1976). Thus, Wanda began her scientific career with research on birds, an interest that is not uncommon among arachnologists (e.g., Pontus Palmgren, Michael I. Saaristo and Eugène Simon). This passion was shared with her future husband Tomasz Wesołowski. While still a student, Wanda undertook several regional field trips and published four papers on birds, with most of them being co-authored with Tomasz (Nowysz & Wesołowski 1972, 1973a,b; Nowysz 1973). Recently, Wanda and Tomasz celebrated the 40th anniversary of their marriage with another joint paper devoted to the ecology of the fluke Leucochloridium and its effect on the behaviour of the snail Succinea putris (Wesołowska & Wesołowski 2014). Wanda and Tomasz have one daughter, Olga, who currently works at the Department of Biophysics and Neurobiology at the Wrocław Medical Unversity (Poland), and a grandson, Mikołaj.
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Contribución al conocimiento de las arañas saltarinas (Araneae: Salticidae) de Colombia
Thesis
  • May 2018
Se presenta una sinopsis taxonómica parcial a nivel de género de las arañas saltarinas de la familia Salticidae Blackwall, 1841 (Araneae: Dyonicha) para Colombia. Se registran 105 géneros, 7 subtribus, 17 tribus y tres subfamilias, de los cuales 62 géneros, una subtribu (Harmochirina Simon, 1903), cuatro tribus (Hasariini Simon, 1903, Lapsiini Maddison, 2015, Myrmarachnini Simon, 1901 y Thiodinini Simon, 1901), y una subfamilia (Spartaeinae Wanless, 1984) corresponden a nuevos registros para la fauna de Salticidae de Colombia. Debido a la enorme limitación de tiempo para completar este trabajo en un semestre, sólo se incluye información para 31 géneros, configurando el presente trabajo en una primera entrega de géneros de Salticidae de Colombia. Adicionalmente, se incluye una introducción general a la diversidad y sistemática de Salticidae, presentando información como diagnosis, características generales, comentarios en sistemática e historia natural para cada uno de los géneros incluidos, así como imágenes diagnósticas, mapas de distribución y literatura de interés. Así mismo se incluye una primera clave taxonómica general de los géneros de Salticidae de Colombia, equivalente a aproximadamente 40% de los géneros del Nuevo Mundo. De esta manera se confirma a Colombia como un país con una enorme riqueza en el grupo. Finalmente, se ofrece un listado anexo que considera todas las especies de Salticidae del Nuevo Mundo. -- A partial taxonomic synopsis at genus level of the jumping spiders of the family Salticidae Blackwall, 1841 (Araneae: Dyonicha) from Colombia, is presented. 105 genera, 7 subtribes, 17 tribes and three subfamilies are officially reported, of which 62 genera, one subtribe (Harmochirina Simon, 1903), four tribes (Hasariini Simon, 1903, Lapsiini Maddison, 2015, Myrmarachnini Simon, 1901 and Thiodinini Simon, 1901), and one subfamily (Spartaeinae Wanless, 1984) correspond to new records for the salticid fauna of Colombia. Due to the enormous time limitation to complete this work in a semester, only information for 31 genera is included, configuring the present work in a first version of Genera of jumping spiders from Colombia. Additionally, a general introduction to the diversity and systematics of Salticidae is included, presenting information such as diagnosis, general characteristics, comments in systematics and natural history for each of the included genera, as well as diagnostic images, distribution maps and recommended literature. Likewise, a first general taxonomic key of the genera of Salticidae of Colombia, aproximatelly 40% of those from the New World, is included. In this way, Colombia is confirmed as a country with an enormous richness in the group. Finally, a list that considers all the salticid species of the New World is presented.
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Bioclimatology and Biogeography of Africa
Article
  • Jan 2009
Covering an area of over 130 million km2 spanning the equator and tropics, the African continent features a spectacular geographic diversity. Consequently, it is characterised by extremely variable climatic, edaphic and ecological conditions, associated with a wide range of natural vegetation and wildlife, as well as human population density, crops and livestock. In this book, Henry Le Houérou presents his bioclimatic and biogeographic classification of Africa. The extensive data provide the basis for comparisons between various African regions, and with regions on other continents such as Latin America or the Indian subcontinent. The results constitute a rational basis for national, regional and sub-regional rural development planning, and for agricultural research dealing with aspects such as plant and animal introductions, the extrapolation or interpolation of experimental or developmental findings, and ecosystems dynamics. Possible problems of applications are also examined. © 2009 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg. All rights are reserved.
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Jumping Spiders (Araneae: Salticidae) of the Calabar Area (Se Nigeria)
Article
  • Dec 2012
Forty nine species of jumping spiders from the Calabar area in southeastern Nigeria and two from Kaduna Junction in central northern Nigeria are listed in this paper. Among these, the following 8 species are described as new to science: Bacelarella gibbosa sp. nov. (male female ), Brancus lacrimosus sp. nov. (male), "Brancus" nigeriensis sp. nov. (female), Mexcala smaragdina sp. nov. (male), Phintella paludosa sp. nov. (male), Thiratoscirtus atakpa sp. nov. (female), Thiratoscirtus efik sp. nov. (male) andThiratoscirtus procerus sp. nov. (female). Females of Baryphas jullieni Simon, 1902, Longarenus brachycephalus Simon, 1903 and Thiratoscirtus torquatus Simon, 1903 are described for the first time. Two species names are synonymized, Schenkelia gertschi Berland et Millot, 1941 with Schenkelia modesta Lessert, 1927 and Myrmarachne insulana Roewer, 1942 with Myrmarachne hesperia (Simon, 1887). Four new combinations are proposed, Viciria mondoni Berland et Millot 1941, Viciria niveimana Simon, 1902 and Viciria peckhamorum Lessert, 1927 are transferred to the genus Brancus, and Mithion grassei Berland et Millot, 1941 is transferred to the genus Pseudicius. Twenty eight salticid species are recorded for the first time in Nigeria.
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Jumping Spiders (Araneae: Salticidae) from Southern Nigeria
Article
  • Oct 2011
Seventy three species of jumping spiders are listed from Nigeria in this paper. Among these, the following 26 species are described as new to science: Aelurillus jocquei sp. nov. (♂♀), Ajaraneola mastigophora sp. nov. (♂♀), Brancus occidentalis sp. nov. (♂), Evarcha grandis sp. nov. (♀), Evarcha idanrensis sp. nov. (♀), Habrocestum personatum sp. nov. (♀), Hyllus remotus sp. nov. (♀), Icius olokomei sp. nov. (♀), Langelurillus quadrimaculatus sp. nov. (♂♀), Menemerus nigeriensis sp. nov. (♀), Neaetha maxima sp. nov. (♀), Pachyballus oyo sp. nov. (♂♀), Schenkelia ibadanensis sp. nov. (♂), Stenaelurillus glaber sp. nov. (♂), Stenaelurillus iubatus sp. nov. (♂♀), Stenaelurillus pilosus sp. nov. (♂♀), Stenaelurillus striolatus sp. nov. (♂), Thiratoscirtus alveolus sp. nov. (♀), Thiratoscirtus bipaniculus sp. nov. (♀), Thiratoscirtus gambari sp. nov. (♂♀), Thiratoscirtus harpago sp. nov. (♂), Thiratoscirtus mirabilis sp. nov. (♂♀), Thiratoscirtus monstrum sp. nov. (♀), Thiratoscirtus obudu sp. nov. (♂), Thiratoscirtus vilis sp. nov. (♀) and Thiratoscirtus yorubanus sp. nov. (♂). A new species of Baryphas is described but not formally named here. One new genus, Ajaraneola gen. nov. is described and diagnosed. The female sex of Evarcha bakorensis, Heliophanus robustus, Phlegra gagnoa and Thyene hesperia is described for the first time. Brancus bevisi Lessert, 1925 is proposed as a junior synonym of Brancus muticus Simon, 1902. Two new combinations are proposed, Viciria besanconi Berland & Millot, 1941 and Viciria fuscimana Simon, 1903 are transferred to the genus Brancus. Baryphas albicinctus Berland & Millot, 1941 is removed from synonymy with B. jullieni Simon, 1902. Mithion hesperius Simon, 1910 is removed from synonymy with Modunda aperta Peckham et Peckham, 1903 and transferred to the genus Thyene. The composition of the salticid fauna of this region of West Africa is discussed and compared to that of other regions of Africa.
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The biogeography and age of salticid spider radiations (Araneae: Salticidae)
Article
  • Jun 2012
  • MOL PHYLOGENET EVOL
Globally distributed, jumping spiders (Salticidae) are species-rich and morphologically diverse. Recent molecular phylogenetic work has revealed that major clades are largely isolated to particular continental regions, suggesting their radiations postdated Mesozoic continental break up, but corroboration from a multi-gene time-calibrated phylogeny has been lacking, and an important tropical forest region, Central and West Africa, has been largely unsampled. Newly sampled species, many from Gabon, were included among taxa sequenced for the genes 28s, Actin 5C, 16sND1, and CO1. Likelihood and Bayesian analyses show that most of the Gabonese species from forest habitats fall into a single large clade, which we name the Thiratoscirtinae (new subfamily), within the broader Aelurilloida. The aelurilloids, together with the plexippoids, euophryines, heliophanines and smaller groups (e.g. Leptorchestae, Hasarieae, Philaeus group, Salticus), form a large clade that we name the Saltafresia. Most saltafresian diversification appears to have occured in Afro-Eurasia, with the exception of the euophryines (largely Neotropical, Australasian and Southeast Asian) and two radiations in the New World (Habronattus, freyines). Using Bayesian relaxed molecular-clock methods, calibrated by amber fossil data and a geological constraint, we estimate that most recent common ancestor of the family occurred 47-57 million years ago, when the continents would have already separated substantially. The Salticoida is dated to 41-50 million years, and its four major subclades Amycoida, Astioida, Marpissoida, and Saltafresia are each dated to 29-44 million years. By these inferred dates, salticids were radiating while the earth was warmer than today, with expanded megathermal forests and, most likely, diverse insect herbivores. Our phylogeny indicates mixing of radiating faunas from isolated regions has been limited, yet some long-range dispersal events, such as the arrival of the genus Habronattus to the New World, have occurred. Four African species formerly in Viciria are moved to Telamonia, establishing the new combinations Telamonia besanconi (Berland and Millot), Telamonia fuscimana (Simon), Telamonia longiuscula (Thorell), Telamonia thoracica (Thorell). The Marpissoida is expanded to include the Ballinae.
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Chloroplast DNA variation and the recent radiation of giant senecios (Asteraceae) on the tall mountains of Eastern Africa
Article
  • Nov 1995
Chloroplast DNA restriction-site variation was surveyed among 40 accessions representing all 11 species of giant senecios (Dendrosenecio, Asteraceae) at all but one known location, plus three outgroup species. Remarkably little variation (only 9 variable sites out of roughly 1000 sites examined) was found among the 40 giant senecio accessions, yet as a group they differ significantly (at 18 sites) from Cineraria deltoidea, the closest known relative. This pattern indicates that the giant senecios underwent a recent dramatic radiation in eastern Africa and evolved from a relatively isolated lineage within the Senecioneae. Biogeographic interpretation of the molecular phylogeny suggests that the giant senecios originated high on Mt. Kilimanjaro, with subsequent dispersion to the Aberdares, Mt. Kenya, and the Cherangani Hills, followed by dispersion westward to the Ruwenzori Mountains, and then south to the Virunga Mountains, Mt. Kahuzi, and Mt. Muhi, but with dispersion back to Mt. Elgon. Geographic radiation was an important antecedent to the diversification in eastern Africa, which primarily involved repeated altitudinal radiation, both up and down the mountains, leading to morphological parallelism in both directions. In general, the plants on a given mountain are more closely related to each other than they are to plants on other mountains, and plants on nearby mountains are more closely related to each other than they are to plants on more distant mountains. The individual steps of the geographic radiation have occurred at various altitudes, some clearly the result of intermountain dispersal. The molecular evidence suggests that two species are extant ancestors to other species on the same or nearby mountains.
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The world spider catalog, version 14.0. American Museum of Natural History
  • Aug 2013
  • N I Platnick
PlatnicK, N. I., 2013. The world spider catalog, version 14.0. American Museum of Natural History, online at http://research.amnh.org/iz/spiders/catalog. DoI: 10.5531/db.iz.0001. (7th July 2013).
Monograph of Salticidae (Araneae) of the World
  • Jun 2013
  • J Prószyński
PrószyńsKi, J., 2013. Monograph of Salticidae (Araneae) of the World. http://www.peckhamia.com/salticidae/ salticidae.php (1st June 2013).
Arachnides reçuellis en 1882-1883 dans la Patagonie méridionale, de Santa cruz à Punta Arena, par M. E. Lebrun, attaché comme naturaliste à la Mission du passage de Vénus
  • Jan 1886
  • 558-577
  • E Simon
simon, E., 1886. Arachnides reçuellis en 1882-1883 dans la Patagonie méridionale, de Santa cruz à Punta Arena, par M. E. Lebrun, attaché comme naturaliste à la Mission du passage de Vénus. Bull. Soc. zool. Fr., 11: 558-577.
Problematikus nyugat-afrikai ugrópók-nemek (Araneae: Salticidae) taxonómiai revíziója
  • Jan 2004
  • 1-109
  • T Szűts
szűts, T., 2004. Problematikus nyugat-afrikai ugrópók-nemek (Araneae: Salticidae) taxonómiai revíziója. University of Szeged, PhD thesis: 1-109 [in Hungarian].