Khalid el Harrouni

Ecole nationale d'Architecture · Architecture

The building sector is considered one of the most energy-intensive sectors in Morocco. This energy consumption is expected to increase considering the population growth, the development of new cities and the major projects planned by the government in key sectors of the Moroccan economy. Various efforts have been made in recent years to improve the...

The consequences of the Urban Heat Island (UHI) remain challenging to predict and very variable according to climates conditions. In this paper, we showcase a contextual analysis using the Local Climate Zone (LCZ) scheme after Stewart and Oke, based on urban indicators encompassing morphology and surface cover characteristics. LCZ preliminary...

Laréflexion de cet article part de l’exemple marocaindes architectures de la seconde moitié du XXe siècle : les œuvres qui y ont d’abord été conçues et réalisées par les architectes réunis initialement dans le groupe GAMMa (Groupe des Architectes Modernes Marocains) formés pour la plupart d’entre eux dans le pays colonisateur, ont forgé une orienta...

Passive solutions in the concept of energy efficiency play an important role in reducing energy consumption, and emissions of CO 2 . However, controlling the parameters of walls, and roof thermal Inertia is the perfect way to ensure comfort inside houses. In this paper, an investigation of thermal inertia behavior, and energy efficiency of clay wit...

The objective of our work is to study the influence of nature and the shape of the insulating materials on the mechanical performance of composites based on plaster. The study aims to increase the thermal performance of the building envelope and the same time maintains sufficient mechanical properties of the composites studied. Plaster was combined...

Before being smart, a construction should first be sustainable. If it is true that the notion of sustainable building is closely linked to the matter of environment and multidisciplinary approach, the question of comfort and energy saving remains crucial. The bioclimatic approach constitutes precisely a sustainable construction mode that revolves a...

Given the current climate constraints, intelligent construction must first be sustainable before it is connected. Sustainability refers here to a design mode that promotes the comfort of the inhabitant on the one hand and energy saving on the other. Bioclimatic approach in architecture is precisely sustainable approach to design that perfectly meet...

The building sector constitutes one of the most “energivore” sectors, which take part in the increase of the emission of the GES. Various energy policies carried out in several countries in the world show that it is possible to make important energy saving in this sector either by: seeking alternative energies (hydraulics, wind, solar) or by implem...

The building sector happens to be a major player in climate change through energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. At the same time, the climate change impacts negatively buildings by reducing thermal comfort. To reach this comfort buildings need energy. This situation makes building sector among the most energy consuming sectors. Thus, th...

Urban conservation has been a subject of academic and professional discourse for over three decades. In Fez medina, urban conservation is linked to urban redevelopment and thereby represents a significant component of urban design with respect to sustainability. The best practice and the constraints and difficulties of the Fez medina sustainable co...

The traditional courtyard house of the Mediterranean Basin has been viewed as a complex regulating system that creates a microclimate which historically worked, and still works, in a passive way to provide acceptable thermal comfort in summer. The internal courtyard is generally described as a positive factor that can moderate extreme outdoor clima...

The modeling of the urban microclimate, in particular the phenomenon of the Urban Heat Island (UHI), is becoming increasingly essential for city planning and urban design. The phenomenon analysis is henceforth possible thanks to the increase in computational power, the link between simulation tools and urban databases, which allow to represent expl...

The traditional courtyard house of the Mediterranean Basin has been viewed as a complex regulating system that creates a microclimate which historically worked, and still works, in a passive way to provide acceptable thermal comfort in summer. The internal courtyard is generally described as a positive factor that can moderate extreme outdoor clima...

The modeling of the urban microclimate, in particular the phenomenon of the Urban Heat Island (UHI), is becoming increasingly essential for city planning and urban design. The phenomenon analysis is henceforth possible thanks to the increase in computational power, the link between simulation tools and urban databases, which allow to represent expl...

The aim of this study is to get the most optimal energy efficient heating and cooling material combinations that would result to an energy saving buildings. The regulatory requirement limits of thermal characteristics of residential building’s envelope were stated by the TRCM. It is mandatory to respect the thermal transmittance, also known as U-va...

Bleeding occurs when a freshly mixed cement-based material starts to settle. Severe bleeding can have a significant impact on the durability of concrete. The present study examines the effects of four materials-superplasticizer, viscosity-modifying agent, silica fume, and limestone filler-on the bleeding behavior of self-compacting concrete and the...

The earthen building construction is an ancient technique that is experiencing resurgence in the world today thanks to the energy performance of this material throughout the life cycle of building phases of construction, occupancy and demolition. This strength allows us to consider the earth as a promising material in the construction sector in the...

Typical horizontal elements in historic buildings are represented by timber floors and roofs and masonry vaults. All these components have a crucial role in seismic area, as they are required to resist under lateral loads, to improve the global behaviour through effective connections and to distribute forces, with proper in-plane stiffness, to the...

The objective of this paper is to help preserve Medinas against seismic risk. Medinas are historical urban tissues that are frequently found in cities of Morocco and northern Africa. They are made mostly of masonry buildings that are constructed from stones, lime mortar and wood. In this article, we work on typical building as a sample of the Médin...

A management model with the economic objective of maximizing the benefit from pumped freshwater volume and minimizing the utility cost in coastal aquifers threatened by saltwater intrusion is developed. The saltwater intrusion model is based on sharp interface assumption and vertically integrated flow, namely the Strack model, reducing the problem...

EXTENDED ABSTRACT This paper develops a management model with the economic objective of maximizing the benefit from pumped freshwater volume and minimizing the utility cost in coastal aquifers threatened by saltwater intrusion. In a previous paper, "Pumping optimization in saltwater intruded aquifers by simple genetic algorithm—deterministic model"...

In this paper, a management model with an economic objective of coastal aquifers threatened by saltwater intrusion, is developed. To provide decision makers with several alternative policies, a management objective such as maximization of the net benefits, that may be obtained from water use, is considered in the presented management model . Optima...

The reliability of groundwater flow numerical simulation is affected by the quality of input data of aquifer physical parameters. This paper presents an uncertainty analysis based on a first order approximation of covariances. A two-dimensional steady state groundwater flow problem is carried out by coupling the first-order uncertainty analysis wit...

The extended Kalman filtering (EKF) method is used as an automatic calibration procedure for the estimation of hydrogeological parameters based on groundwater head observation. The numerical tool employed is the dual reciprocity boundary element method (DRBEM). Numerical results for steady and unsteady flow in heterogeneous aquifers have demonstrat...

The hydrogeological parameters of aquifers are estimated from head observations by a calibration procedure. The inverse problem is formulated as a maximum likelihood estimation. A quasi-Newton method (BFGS scheme) is used to solve an unconstrained nonlinear optimization problem. The numerical method employed for the solution of the direct problem i...

Genetic algorithms have been applied with great success in a number of fields as a tool for optimization. This paper explores their application in the groundwater field. The dual reciprocity boundary element method with global interpolation functions is employed as the computational tool. Two optimization problems are investigated: a pumping manage...

A global interpolation function based dual reciprocity BEM is used to solve Darcy's flow in heterogeneous media. The governing equation of porous media flow is transformed into a Poisson-type equation with modified boundary conditions. The polynomial series based global interpolation functions are found to be efficient and accurate in converting th...

A solution of steady-state Darcy’s flow in heterogeneous porous media is developed by means of the Dual Reciprocity Boundary Element Method (DRBEM). The governing equation is reduced to a Poisson-type equation involving a nonlinear non-homogeneous term. The Dual Reciprocity Method (DRM) is used for converting the resulting domain integral into equi...

A chance-constrained management model with an economic objective of coastal aquifers threatened by saltwater intrusion is developed. The model explicitly considers that the toe location of saltwater intrusion is a function of random variables such as physical parameters and boundary conditions. This model incorporates the quantity, quality and econ...

Genetic algorithms have been introduced in different engineering fields as an optimization procedure. This paper presents an application of the genetic algorithms to solve boundary inverse problems governed by the Helmholtz operator. Dirichlet or Neumann boundary conditions are given for a part of the boundary. Some values of the state variable are...

This paper presents an application of the boundary element method coupled with a simple genetic algorithm for optimizing pumping in aquifer management problems. The numerical results show that the proposed optimization method is a powerful alternative to existing techniques for the management of groundwater resources.

We estimate the hydrogeological parameters of aquifers from head observations by calibration procedures based on iterative statistical formulations and recursive filtering techniques. The numerical method employed for solution of the direct problem is the dual reciprocity boundary element method. Numerical results on steady and unsteady two-dimensi...