Kevin Milne

University of Windsor · Department of Kinesiology

Despite the reported association between diurnal variations in ambulatory blood pressure (BP) and elevated cardiovascular disease risk, little is known regarding the effects of isometric resistance training (IRT), a practical BP-lowering intervention, on ambulatory BP and morning BP surge (MBPS). Thus, we investigated whether (i) IRT causes reducti...

Objectives The World Health Organization emphasises the need for cost-effective alternative methods to lower blood pressure (BP). Endorsed nationally in HTN guidelines, isometric handgrip (IHG) training is an alternative method of BP control. The purpose of this study was to compare the BP, heart rate (HR) and rates of perceived exertion (RPE) resp...

With life expectancy increasing globally, older adults around the world want to live active lifestyles with improved health and higher quality of life. Physiology of Exercise and Healthy Aging, Second Edition, examines the effects of the aging process on the major physiological systems and identifies the positive impacts of physical activity and re...

The dataset contains the following three measures that are widely used to determine cognitive load in humans: Detection Response Task - response time, pupil diameter, and eye gaze. These measures were recorded from 28 participants while they underwent tasks that are designed to permeate three different cognitive difficulty levels. The dataset will...

Knee injuries are one of the most common ball sport related injuries and cause hundreds of millions of dollars in rehabilitation costs annually. Girls and women are 4-9 times more likely to experience a knee injury compared to boys and men, and typically suffer more severe knee injuries. Strength imbalance of the hamstrings and quadriceps muscles d...

Knee injuries are one of the most common ball sport related injuries and cause hundreds of millions of dollars in rehabilitation costs annually. Girls and women are 4-9 times more likely to experience a knee injury compared to boys and men, and typically suffer more severe knee injuries. Strength imbalance of the hamstrings and quadriceps muscles d...

Hypertension (chronically elevated blood pressure) is the leading risk factor for death and disability worldwide. An effective exercise intervention to prevent and treat this condition is isometric handgrip training, a form of isometric resistance exercise. Little is known about the global endorsement of this novel intervention among international...

Objective: Females continue to participate in sport at lower rates than males. Girls who participate in sport gain many advantages. Even with programs designed to emphasize participation, some females continue with sport participation while others do not. Given the advantages and controversies surrounding testosterone and female sport, it is possib...

Post-concussion symptoms are notoriously non-specific and overlap with menstrual symptoms. The goal of the present study was to investigate the relationship between symptoms at different points in the menstrual cycle. Forty-four females, 23 who used hormonal contraceptives, and 34 males completed the Post-Concussive Symptom Scale (PCSS) and the Dep...

The purpose of this study was to determine whether the introduction of a fundamental movement skills (FMS) program to grade 4-6 physical education (PE) classes could improve students' physical literacy (PL) and influence the amount of effort exerted in PE class. Athletics Canada's grassroots Run Jump Throw Wheel (RJTW) Program was delivered for 10...

Adiponectin regulates metabolism through blood glucose control and fatty acid oxidation, partly mediated by downstream effects of adiponectin signaling in skeletal muscle. More recently, skeletal muscle has been identified as a source of adiponectin expression, fueling interest in the role of adiponectin as both a circulating adipokine and a locall...

Background: This work aimed to explore whether different forms of a simple isometric exercise test could be used to predict the blood pressure (BP)-lowering efficacy of different types of isometric resistance training (IRT) in healthy young adults. In light of the emphasis on primary prevention of hypertension, identifying those with normal BP who...

Introduction: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major cause of death globally with hypertension reported to be a leading modifiable risk factor. Ambulatory blood pressure (BP), in particular diurnal BP variability, is considered to be associated with CVD risk. In addition, the morning BP surge (MBPS) is thought to be associated with increased strok...

Objective: Performing surgical procedures can increase the physiological stress and mental strain experienced by practicing surgeons. This may affect negatively work capacity and quality of patient care by increasing the incidence of burnout, sleep disorders, fatigue and substance abuse. The purpose of this pilot case study was to track physiologic...

Background: There has been very little published work exploring the comparative effects of isometric resistance training (IRT) on blood pressure (BP) in men and women. Most of the previously published work has involved men and used resting BP as the primary outcome variable. Early evidence suggests that IRT is particularly effective in older women...

Purpose To quantify the concentration of heat shock proteins in lenses in lens organ culture at elevated temperatures, and to examine the relation between elevated temperature and lens clarity. Methods Pig lenses obtained from a local abattoir were dissected aseptically and incubated in medium M199 without serum for 4 days to stabilize, and lenses...

Dual-arm blood pressure (BP) measurement is recommended when screening patients for hypertension. The prevalence and reliability of inter-arm differences, however, re-main unclear in young, healthy adults. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and reliability of inter-arm BP differences in young, healthy adults. Methods: Prevalence...

Aim: High intensity interval training (HIIT) induces similar metabolic adaptations to traditional steady state aerobic exercise training. Until recently, most HIIT studies have examined maximum efforts in healthy populations. The current study aimed to examine the effects of a 2 week modified HIIT program on the homeostatic model of insulin resist...

In people with hypertension, systolic blood pressure (SBP) reactivity to an isometric handgrip task (IHGT), but not a cold pressure task (CPT), is predictive of IHG training‐induced reductions in resting SBP. To investigate whether these findings could be extended to include young normotensives, resting BP and BP reactivity to an IHGT (2‐minute sus...

Low‐flow mediated constriction (L‐FMC) is a measure of vascular function complementary to flow‐mediated dilation (FMD). L‐FMC is commonly observed in the radial artery, however its presence in the brachial artery is equivocal. Furthermore, the effects of age and an acute cardiovascular stress on L‐FMC are unknown. We measured brachial L‐FMC and FMD...

A central function of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is to limit brain impact against the bony interior surface of the skull during jarring movements. Dehydration of approximately 2% of total body volume can reduce CSF volume by 10%. In prolonged competition, especially in hot, humid conditions, athletes commonly reach or exceed this level of dehydratio...

BACKGROUND: Modern exogenous insulin therapy can improve the quality of life of Type 1 Diabetic Mellitus (T1DM) patients, although maintenance of normal glycaemic levels is often a challenge given the variety of factors that alter it. A number of studies have examined the effect of exercise in T1DM; however, the majority of experimental studies hav...

Background: A sexual dimorphism in human life expectancy has existed in almost every country for as long as records have been kept. Although human life expectancy has increased each year, females still live longer, on average, than males. Undoubtedly, the reasons for the sex gap in life expectancy are multifaceted, and it has been discussed from b...

Exercise increases the 70-kDa heat shock protein (Hsp70) in the myocardium, and this exercise-induced increase is associated with significantly improved cardiac recovery following insult. However, while heat shock has been shown to elevate Hsp70 primarily in the cardiac vasculature of the myocardium, the localization following exercise is unknown....

The purpose of the present study was to examine changes in VO(2peak), VO(2) kinetics and steady-state exercise performance following 4 weeks of participation in recreational sport. Subjects (male n = 8, female n = 9) participated in recreational sport (basketball, floor hockey and soccer) four times per week for 4 weeks. Both before and after train...

Female rats typically do not show significant increases in myocardial Hsp70 after exercise unless trained (exercise over days or weeks). 17β-Estradiol (E2) has been linked to this inhibition, but it varies considerably over the rodent estrus cycle. Consequently, we examined whether the inhibitory effects of endogenously produced E2 (measured immedi...

Skeletal muscle, which represents about 40% of the body mass in man, is an integrated organ, which possesses an extensive blood supply and innervations to support groups of muscles and muscle fibers (motor units) which must respond to a wide range of activities. Over the lifespan, skeletal muscle is forced to adapt to a variety of influences includ...

Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are, in general, prosurvival molecules within the cellular environment, and the overexpression of even just 1 family of HSPs can lead to protection against and improvements after a variety of stressors. Not surprisingly, a fertile area of study has grown out of efforts to exploit the innate biologic behaviour of HSPs. Exe...

Both protein kinase C (PKC) activation and Hsp70 expression have been shown to be key components for exercise-mediated myocardial protection during ischemia-reperfusion injury. Given that Hsp70 has been shown to undergo inducible phosphorylation in striated muscle and liver, we hypothesized that PKC may regulate myocardial Hsp70 function and subseq...

Sex is a potent modifier of the cardiovascular system because males and females differ in several aspects of the heart's biology and physiology. Epidemiologically, premenopausal women possess a distinct advantage over men in the occurrence of cardiovascular heart disease; however, this advantage shifts to men once a negative cardiac event has occur...

An issue central to understanding the biological benefits associated with regular exercise training is to elucidate the intracellular mechanisms governing exercise-conferred cardioprotection. Heat shock proteins (HSPs), most notably the inducible 70-kDa HSP family member Hsp70, are believed to participate in the protection of the myocardium during...

Acute exercise increases myocardial tolerance to ischemia-reperfusion (I-R) injury in male but not in female rat hearts, possibly due to a decreased heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) response in the female hearts. This study examined whether repetitive exercise training would increase Hsp70 and myocardial tolerance to I-R injury in female rat hearts. A...

Intense exercise leads to accumulation of the inducible member of the 70-kDa family of heat shock proteins, Hsp70, in male, but not female, hearts. Estrogen is at least partially responsible for this difference. Because androgen receptors are expressed in the heart and castration leads to decreases in calcium regulatory proteins and altered cardiac...

We recently reported that male, but not female, rats exhibit basal endogenous neuropeptide Y Y1-receptor modulation of hindlimb vasculature. The lack of baseline endo-genous Y1-receptor control in females was evident despite the expression of Y1-receptors and neuropeptide Y in hindlimb skeletal muscle tissue. The following study addressed the hypot...

This study examined the effect of neuropeptide Y Y(1)-receptor blockade both alone, and in interaction with alpha(1)-adrenoceptor antagonism, on basal hindlimb vascular conductance in male and female Sprague-Dawley rats. Hindlimb vascular conductance was measured during infusion of BIBP3226 (Y(1)-receptor antagonist; 100 microg kg(-1)), prazosin (a...

Exercise induces expression of the protective heat shock protein, HSP70, in striated muscle. To characterize the relationship between induction of this protein and exercise intensity in muscles exhibiting different recruitment patterns, male Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned to a sedentary control or one of seven exercise groups for which treadmill...