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Publications (34)
Exosomes, which are 50-100 nm diameter lipid vesicles, have been implicated in intercellular communication, including transmitting malignancy, and as a way for viral particles to evade detection while spreading to new cells. Previously we demonstrated that adult cardiac myocytes release heat shock protein (HSP) 60 in exosomes. Extracellular (ex) HS...
Exosomes are small lipid vesicles, which are released from cells, and have been implicated as mediators of intracellular signaling, as well as a mechanism to remove material from the cell. We have shown that heat shock protein (HSP)60 is released from cardiac myocytes via exosomes. We investigated the stability of exosomes, as free HSP60 causes apo...
Allergic airway diseases in children are a common and a growing health problem. Changes in the central nervous system (CNS) have been implicated in contributing to some of the symptoms. We hypothesized that airway allergic diseases are associated with altered histamine H3 receptor expression in the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) and caudal spinal...
Infants exposed to second hand smoke (SHS) experience more problems with wheezing. This study was designed to determine if perinatal SHS exposure increases intrinsic and/or in vivo airway responsiveness to methacholine and whether potential structural/cellular alterations in the airway might explain the change in responsiveness. Pregnant rhesus mon...
Cysteinyl leukotrienes promote airway inflammation, bronchoconstriction and mucus hypersecretion. Cigarette smoking and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) bronchiolitis are known to increase urinary cysteinyl leukotriene E4 (uLTE4), the end product of the cysteinyl leukotriene biosynthetic pathway. We tested the following hypotheses: (1) Secondhand...
Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) are recommended to treat infants with asthma, some with intermittent asthma. We previously showed that exposing infant monkeys to allergen/ozone resulted in asthma-like characteristics of their airways. We evaluated the effects of ICS on histology and intrinsic responsiveness of allergen/ozone-exposed and normal infant...
Both allergen and ozone exposure increase asthma symptoms and airway responsiveness in children. Little is known about how these inhalants may differentially modify airway responsiveness in large proximal as compared to small distal airways. We evaluated whether bronchi and respiratory bronchioles from infant monkeys exposed episodically to allerge...
RationaleInfants exposed to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) have more severe respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) bronchiolitis. RSV bronchiolitis is associated with elevated cysteinyl leukotrienes and ETS exposure is associated with a Th2 phenotype, which may ultimately result in a greater production of cysteinyl leukotrienes. Cysteinyl leukotriene...
Rat and monkey are species that are used in models of human airway hyperresponsiveness. However, the wall structures of rat and monkey airways are different from each other, with that of the monkey more closely resembling that of humans. We hypothesized that differences in wall structure would explain differences in airway responsiveness. Using vid...
Children chronically exposed to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) have more coughs, wheezes, and airway obstruction, which may result in part from stimulation of lung C fibers. We examined the effect of chronic exposure to sidestream tobacco smoke (SS, a surrogate for ETS) on lung C-fiber responsiveness in guinea pigs, in which dynamic compliance (...
Acute exposure to ozone causes changes in breathing pattern and lung function which may be caused in part by stimulation of rapidly adapting receptors (RARs). The consequences of repeated daily ozone exposure on RAR responsiveness are unknown, although ozone-induced changes in pulmonary function diminish with repeated exposure. Accordingly, we inve...
Substance P induces fluid flux via nitric oxide, and fluid flux stimulates lung rapidly adapting receptors (RARs). We therefore proposed that nitric oxide contributes to substance P‐evoked increases in RAR activity. Since substance P decreases dynamic compliance ( C dyn ), which can stimulate RARs, we also determined whether nitric oxide contribute...
We studied the local role of C-fibers, in the absence of systemic effects and blood components of inflammation, on lung responses to ozone. Guinea pigs were pretreated with capsaicin to deplete C-fibers or with vehicle. One week later their isolated, buffer-perfused lungs were exposed to 0.8 ppm ozone or air for 2 hr. In some lungs (9 or 10 each gr...
We determined the effect of sidestream tobacco smoke (SS) exposure on responses of lung rapidly adapting receptors (RARs), peak tracheal pressure (Ptr), and arterial blood pressure (ABP) to substance P in young guinea pigs. Guinea pigs were exposed to SS or filtered air from day 8 to days 41-45 of life. They were then anesthetized and given three d...
We have previously shown that young guinea pigs repeatedly exposed to sidestream cigarette smoke (SS) develop decreased airway reactivity of the C-fiber system without changing reactivity to one of its neurotransmitters, substance P (SP). This study was designed to determine whether the decreased reactivity was due to decreased responsiveness to an...
1. This study tested the hypothesis that substance P stimulates rapidly adapting receptors (RARs), contributes to the increase in RAR activity produced by mild pulmonary congestion, and evokes an augmented response from RARs when combined with near-threshold levels of pulmonary congestion. 2. RAR activity, peak tracheal pressure, arterial blood pre...
We evaluated whether sidestream smoke (SS) exposure in utero and/or postnatally causes airway obstruction and hyperresponsiveness, and whether the effect is associated with neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia. Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to filtered air (FA) or to SS (total suspended particulate concentration, 1.00 +/- 0.07 mg/m3, CO, 4.9...
We exposed 21 young guinea pigs to 5 wk of either sidestream tobacco smoke (SS) or filtered air (FA). The exposure started on day 8 of life and ended at 41-45 days of life. The animals were then anesthetized, and lung rapidly adapting receptor (RAR) and slowly adapting receptor (SAR) activities and peak tracheal pressure (TP) were examined in respo...
Adenosine causes airway obstruction in asthmatics and smokers. Theophylline and cromolyn, drugs used to treat these patients, bind to human lung adenosine receptors (ARs). This study investigated whether A1ARs and/or A2ARs are functionally present in human lung and airways, and whether theophylline and/or cromolyn antagonize their function. Periphe...
Previous studies demonstrated that short photoperiod exposure significantly decreases circulating prolactin levels. The present study investigated the possibility that concomitant changes in brown fat tissue mass, protein content, thermogenic capacity, and carcass composition are dependent on this change in prolactin levels. Male golden (Syrian) ha...
1.1. In Experiment I(fall/winter), hamsters exposed to cold and short photoperiod entered hibernation; hamsters exposed to cold and long photoperiod did not.2.2. Hibernators had reduced body masses, significantly atrophied skeletal muscles, but increased mass-specific maximum activities of citrate synthase (an indicator of aerobic capacity) and HOA...
Previous studies showed that short photoperiod increased brown fat (BAT) mass and reduced gonadal size and gonadal hormone secretion in hamsters. The present study investigated the possibility that the effects on BAT were dependent on reduced levels of gonadal hormones. BAT from male Syrian hamsters exposed to short photoperiod for 10 wk was signif...
Preparation for hibernation is accompanied by increased thermogenic capacity of brown fat (BAT), an important site of thermogenesis during arousal from hibernation. This study examined whether that thermogenic capacity is reduced in hibernation and reactivated during arousal. In one set of experiments, Syrian hamsters were exposed to short photoper...
Brown adipose tissue is a major thermogenic effector of cold-induced nonshivering thermogenesis. Previous studies indicate that melatonin and/or short photoperiod are involved in the increase in brown fat deposition seen in certain cold-acclimated rodents. The present study was undertaken, in part, to determine whether the pineal is a necessary com...
The effects of small doses of pentobarbital, diazepam and GHB were investigated. Intact freely moving cats were utilized with chronic cortical, subcortical and nuchal muscle electrodes. Electroencephalogram, reticular unit activity and nuchal electromyogram recordings were obtained and gross behavior was observed. Based on the correlation of these...
