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Introduction
Publications
Publications (59)
A major fungal lineage of myxacioid taxa is centred around Cortinarius vibratilis . This lineage is shown by morphological and multigene molecular phylogenetic analyses of the nrDNA ITS and LSU, as well as rpb1 and rpb2 genes to form a well‐supported clade, here introduced as the new subgenus C. subg. Vibratiles consisting of four sections and vari...
Cortinarius is the largest genus of Agaricales (mushrooms) in the world with a cosmopolitan distribution. All species are ectomycorrhizal. Cortinariaceae is a very diverse fungal family, recently split into ten genera, one of which is Cortinarius. The former genus Cortinarius s. lato, in its turn, was traditionally divided into 4–7 subgenera, of wh...
The taxonomy and phylogeny of the new subsect. Varii (Cortinarius, subgen. Phlegmacium)
are presented. The subsection is well circumscribed by molecular data and to some degree also
on morphological features. We identify seven species in the subsection, six of them occurring in
Europe. The study is mainly based on data from our own collections exce...
Cortinarius subgenus Myxacium has been used since the times of Elias Fries to denote a large group of species characterized by a viscid universal veil. In molecular studies during the past decades, the subgenus was shown to be polyphyletic. In this study, we emend the circumscription of the subgenus, taking into consideration recent research involv...
Cortinarius is a speciose genus of mycorrhizal fungi that contains many cryptic and difficult to delineate taxa. Correct identification can be confounded for species where no genetic information is available from their respective type specimens. Cortinarius section Subcastanelli is known to contain several species for which there is ambiguity aroun...
This is the twelfth contribution to the Fungal Diversity Notes series on fungal taxonomy, based on materials collected from many countries which were examined and described using the methods of morphology, anatomy, and strain culture, combined with DNA sequence analyses. 110 taxa are described and illustrated, including five new genera, 92 new spec...
Cortinarius:
is a species-rich ectomycorrhizal genus containing taxa that exhibit agaricoid or sequestrate basidiome morphologies. In New Zealand, one of the most recognizable and common Cortinarius species is the purple sequestrate fungus, C. porphyroideus. We used genome skimming of the almost 100-y-old type specimen from C. porphyroideus to obt...
Cortinarius section Xenosmatae, originally based on solely morphological characters, was subsequently shown to contain phylogenetically distantly related species. The type species C. xenosma is a singleton, and this study aims to revise the other members of the section using combined molecular (nrDNA ITS and LSU) and morphological data. Based on ph...
A section-based taxonomy of Cortinarius, covering large parts of the temperate North and South Hemispheres, is presented. Thirty-seven previously described sections are reviewed, while another forty-two sections are proposed as new or as new combinations. Twenty additional clades are recovered but not formally described. Furthermore, six new or com...
Mushroom-forming fungi (Agaricomycetes) have the greatest morphological diversity and complexity of any group of fungi. They have radiated into most niches and fulfil diverse roles in the ecosystem, including wood decomposers, pathogens or mycorrhizal mutualists. Despite the importance of mushroom-forming fungi, large-scale patterns of their evolut...
Cortinarius is one of the most species-rich genera of mushroom-forming fungi. Based on phylogenetic and morphological evidence, Cortinarius, sect. Riederi, is introduced at sectional level (= subsect. Riederi sensu Brandrud & Melot). The taxonomy, phylogeny, ecology and distribution of not only mainly European but also including some North American...
Nomenclatural type definitions are one of the most important concepts in biological nomenclature. Being physical objects that can be re-studied by other researchers, types permanently link taxonomy (an artificial agreement to classify biological diversity) with nomenclature (an artificial agreement to name biological diversity).
Two proposals to am...
As part of an ongoing effort to investigate the diversity of the genus Cortinarius in New Zealand, 12 new species are described: Cortinarius caryotoides, Cortinarius citribasalis, Cortinarius durifoliorum, Cortinarius eucollybianus, Cortinarius eunomalus, Cortinarius juglandaceus, Cortinarius lanceolatus, Cortinarius minilacus, Cortinarius perauril...
Seven commonly used Friesian names of Cortinarius sect. Anomali, Spilomei, and Bolares are discussed. Neotypes for C. anomalus, C. spilomeus, and C. bolaris, as well as epitypes for C. albocyaneus, C. caninus, and C. tabularis are proposed. The distinction of these six species is supported by both morphological and rDNA internal transcribed spacer...
Fourteen new species are described from New Zealand, Cortinarius amblyonis, Cortinarius chrysoconius, Cortinarius cremeorufus, Cortinarius cypripedii, Cortinarius dulcamarus, Cortinarius entheosus, Cortinarius lachanus, Cortinarius mycenarum, Cortinarius mysoides, Cortinarius psilomorphus, Cortinarius trichocarpus, Cortinarius urbiculus, Cortinariu...
Different distance-based threshold selection approaches were used to assess and compare use of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region to distinguish among 901 Cortinarius species represented by >3000 collections. Sources of error associated with genetic markers and selection approaches were explored and evaluated using MOTUs from genus and li...
A new genus Psathyloma is described based on collections of agarics from New Zealand. We describe two new species in the genus, Ps. leucocarpum and Ps. catervatim, both of which have been known and tentatively named for a long time awaiting a formal description. Morphological traits and phylogenetic analyses reveal that Psathyloma forms a strongly...
Using molecular genetic methods we present a fresh look at Cortinarius subgenus Phlegmacium section Purpurascentes. A phylogram presents an overview of the species in the section. For a delimitation of the section, morphological characters (e.g. discolouration of the flesh) and chemical characters (e.g. colour reactions with Lugol) are employed. Wi...
The taxonomy and phylogeny of sect. Multiformes (Cortinarius, subgen. Phlegmacium) are presented. The present circumscription of the section is supported by molecular data and mor-phological features. The taxonomy is complex and many taxa are quite new and little known. Two new species are described. Altogether ten European species are recognized:...
Résumé Nous passons en revue la diversité de Cortinarius et le recouvrement des taxons, aux différents rangs taxonomiques et dans deux zones diamétralement opposées du globe, à la lumière de plusieurs études moléculaires récentes ainsi que de nos propres observations sur le terrain. Les résultats sont illustrés par des photos d'espèces choisies du...
The authors have been studying the mycological flora of New Zealand and Tasmania over many years with the aim of discovering phylogenetic links between Cortinarius occurring in the Southern and Northern Hemispheres. Based on morphological and molecular phylogenetic studies, which will be published elsewhere, we describe here ten new species of Cort...
11 Inledning Flugsvamparna i Amanita subgenus Amani- topsis Roz. (kamskivlingar), eller i modern taxonomi sektion Vaginatæ (Fr.) Quél., är ett vanligt inslag i svensk natur under hela säsongen. Vi är vana att ofta stöta på Amanita vaginata (Bull.) Vittad. (grå kamskivling) och A. fulva (Schaeff.) Fr. (brun kamskivling), kanske någon gång den ovanli...
Ten new species and one new variety of Cortinarius are described from the native forests of New Zealand: C. eutactus, C. castoreus, C. ionomataius, C. thaumastus, C. alboaggregatus, C. singularis, C. lamproxanthus, C. paraxanthus, C. paraonui, C. laquellus, and C. elaiochrous var. leontis.
A limited extension of APL for binary relations is proposed, and it is shown that general graphic support falls out as a special case. The relational facility can be implemented as an associative machine which coexists with, and complements, the APL machine in a joint environment. The resulting system provides the basis for a robust and enduring so...
Most attempts to introduce graphic support into APL are limited to handling the composition and presentation of pictures. This paper proposes a model and a formalism encompassing also the other phases of a graphic dialog. The proposal involves a logical extension to structured programming, and is based largely upon already existing or hidden elemen...
This paper proposes two extensions to make shared variables of APL more useful: Shared variables that persist across APL sessions, and a facility to reject incoming offers.
Experience from applications that use APL workspaces as data storage is reported. Different design decisions are discussed with illustrations of how APL is exploited. The final design, which achieves an utter simplicity of data representation, is described, with examples of usage. This simplicity allows a developer to concentrate on data manipulati...
An extension to the semantics of APL is proposed. It allows one APL Processor (APLP) to attach another processor, which may be an (APLP) with its own workspace, or some other processor. A special case is signon from a terminal, where the attaching processor becomes a human user acting through a workstation. Attached processors communicate through s...
This paper reports on experience with an Application Support System, called SMART. The SMART prototype was developed to investigate DP techniques in the Engineering environment, including graphics. Several of these applications involve highly complex geometric and physical objects, which are manipulated on graphic screens. In many cases it is not p...
The use of computers in environmental research presents a number of problems both to the ecologist and the systems analyst. An analysis of some of these problems led in the reported project to the development of a prototype data base system, founded on the relational concept. In this paper we discuss certain characteristics of environmental data an...
The macro-and microscopic characters of two Cortinarius taxa in section Malachii, C. suberi and C. brunneogriseus are re-examined, and it is concluded that they should be separated only at the varietal level. Detailed descriptions and colour illustrations are provided.
Résumé Sept Cortinarius du sous-genre Telamonia, dont cinq nouveaux, sont présentés. Ils proviennent principalement de deux habitats scandinaves, à savoir les pinèdes calcaires et sablonneuses et les prés-bois feuillus. Du dernier biotope nous décrivons deux taxons qui semblent former la mycorrhize avec les Helianthemum. Les taxons sont illustrés p...
Orton. The material conformed sufficiently with P.D. Orton's diagnosis (1983) to allow a positive identification. The finding was corroborated in 1987 by a second collection at a different locality. Cortinarius cremeolaniger is an interesting species, for several reasons. First, it appears to be a key taxon linking the group of C. malachius Fr. to...
The paper reports on observations of a number of interesting Cortinarii in boreal forests with special emphasis on the Pinus habitat. Similar taxa or forms that occur with Pinus and Picea are compared. Two new species are described and a few taxa are re-interpreted. Note: Comments appearing in brackets [] have been added after publication.
The paper attempts to clarify the specific variety in the group containing C. paragaudis Fr. and C. haematochelis Bull.:Fr. An analysis of twelve collections from Central Sweden is presented, and it is shown that the material can be split roughly into two groups, separated mainly by spore size. Finally, a new species, resembling a C. paragaudis wit...
The paper describes a number of interesting Cortinarii from Central Sweden. Several rare or critical species are described in detail with references to illustrative material. In some cases (C. impennis, lucorum, salor ssp. transiens), a revised taxonomy is proposed. I denna artikel vill jag redovisa fynd av ett antal intressanta spindelskivlingar (...
I september anordnade Uppsala Svampklubb en utflykt i Uppsalatrakten i samband med en Cortinarius-kurs under ledning av Birgitta Gahne. Trots en längre tids torka, fann vi en hel del spindlingar, vissa mycket intressanta: 1. Det troligen sydligaste fyndet i Norden av Cortinarius canabarba Mos. (varg-spindling) (ett exemplar, 1988-09-03, Ryssbol, Ra...
A list of Cortinarius finds is presented from an extremely productive, calcareous Picea locality in Northern Uppland near the Baltic shoreline. Many of the finds (checkmarked in the list) are on the red list of endangered species in Sweden and/or Norway. Two of the finds are described and illustrated in colour photographs: C. bovinus Fr. is interpr...
Résumé Les Sericeocybe (s. l.) forment un élément important dans les forêts de conifères en Scandinavie. Cet article donne une clé pour le groupe et en décrit trois taxons critiques et rares avec des illustrations en couleur. Préambule Un certain nombre de cortinaires de Scandinavie remplissent les conditions pour appartenir au sous-genre Sericeocy...
Résumé Plusieurs récoltes d'un Phlegmacium, apparemment très rare, sont décrites et illustrées par des photos en couleur. Après un examen critique du nom Cortinarius latus, nous concluons qu'il s'applique à notre taxon. Summary Cortinarius latus Fries, a critical and interesting species. — Several finds of an apparently very rare Phlegmacium are de...
Cortinarii with a red veil. A key is given to Scandinavian species of Cortinarius with a reddish (red or brown-red to vinaceous) veil, and four uncommon and interesting species are described and illustrated in colour. The key, which is partly based on M. Moser's well-known key of red-veiled Cortinarii (Moser 1965), concentrates on the subgenus Tela...
Aprikos-spindelskivlingen är en ganska vanlig svamp i Mellansverige, och man kan finna den i sur eller kalkrik granskog. Eftersom den under hyggliga förhållanden inte är svår att bestämma, finns den upptagen i många populära svampböcker (bra bilder finns t ex i Nylén [1979] och i Phillips [1981]). Arten ingår emellertid i ett besvärligt komplex där...
This paper reports a number of results, issues, and decisions that emerged in the 1978 design of a relational data-support system for engineering usage and suggests topics for future research. A number of the decisions were aimed at drastically simplifying the underlying concepts (e.g. basing the theoretical model solely on mathematical logic), whi...
Résumé Nous décrivons ici trois espèces intéressantes de Cortinarius rencontrées en Suède : C. diabo-licus, C. arvalis, et C. cremeolaniger. Elles ont en commun un port robuste, un revêtement sec et pâle et l'habitat sous feuillus. Ces espèces sont comparées entre elles et avec une quatrième, C. ortonii ; elles sont illustrés par des photographies...
This paper continues the theme of difficult Cortinarii that may be designated "bread-&-butter" due to their deceptively commonplace look and ubiquitous presence. The most frequently encountered Telamoniae with a white veil, brownish cap, and a pale stipe seem to be adequately presented in modern literature. Not all of these trivially looking specie...
A few uncommon Cortinarii from the subgenus Sericeocybe are presented and illustrated in colour on the cover. Their common features are a white frosty surface when young and a robust habitus; they are in other words typical for the subgenus. Detta avsnitt tar upp fyra ganska lika spindlingar ur undersläktet Sericeocybe. De är alla mer eller mindre...
The search for the muonic and the nonleptonio decays of the hypothetical intermediate boson among the neutrino events produced
in the CERN neutrino experiment has been continued and concluded. The data do not give any clear evidence for such decays.
Comparing the rate of possible boson reactions, observed in the spark chamber and the bubble chamber...
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Research gate is somewhat lacking in good user interface. Many times when a colleague requests one of my articles, and I press "View request", I end up at your page where the article is presented. There is no way to send it to my colleague. Sometimes it works, however, and there is a dialogbox where I can send it with a message, but that is rather rare.
Karl
