Juan J. Pulido

Universidad de Extremadura | UNEX · Department of Didactics of Music, Plastic and Body Expression

Cohesion and social relationships have prompted research interest in various contexts. However, whereas cohesion had received limited attention in the educational setting, relatedness needs satisfaction from the self-determination theory has been more thoroughly investigated (Ryan & Deci, 2017). Specifically, relatedness needs satisfaction can dete...

Background In the sports context, coaches must be able to improve their players physically, psychologically, and socially. Hence, a fundamental part of this process is the athlete’s individual resilience (IR). Methods Three hundred and fifteen youth team-sport players (boys: n = 283; Mage = 16.02, SD = 0.56; and girls: n = 32; Mage = 15.92, SD = 0...

Pre-match meetings are popular scenes in team sports, with coaches typically gathering the full squad within the dressing room and sharing their thoughts before the warm-up and/or competition. Whilst researchers have outlined the effects of informational or emotional talks, little is known about the actual verbal strategies that coaches adopt to in...

Focused on physical education (PE), this study examined the association between teachers’ communication and students’ psychological needs, enjoyment/boredom, PE usefulness, and students’ grade perception. Participants were 1,000 students (572 girls; M age = 14.58 ± 0.65) from 29 Spanish secondary schools. A path model including variables measured a...

Purpose This study aimed to look into the effects of competitive standards based on contextual match factors on external and internal load in elite Brazilian professional soccer players. Forty-six professional male soccer players participated in this descriptive study. Methods The physical demands were monitored by distance-based measures and rati...

The main goal of this study was to examine the links between class cohesion and teachers’ relatedness teaching style with students’ relatedness needs, motivation, and positive and negative outcomes in Physical Education. A total of 1294 students 10–18 years old (M = 14.40, SD = 1.99), 613 males (M = 14.48, SD = 1.95) and 681 females (M = 14.33, SD...

Objective This systematic review and meta‐analysis aimed to examine the effects of out‐of‐school physical activity (PA) interventions, based on Self‐Determination Theory (SDT), on basic psychological needs (BPN), motivation toward PA, and PA levels in youths. Design Systematic review and meta‐analyses. Method We searched for intervention studies...

Studies on teaching methodologies have been one of the most analyzed research topics in Physical Education (PE). Many instruments have been created to examine the teaching methodologies in PE. This systematic review aimed to identify the tools used in peer-reviewed journals (until March 2022) that assessed teaching methodologies in PE. Articles sel...

This study examined the association between team performance perceived by coaches, coaches' basic psychological needs, motivation, and their intentions to persist in coaching. Participants were 719 coaches (80 females, M = 33.49 years, SD = 10.27, range = 18-67) of different team sports (soccer = 514; basketball = 165; volleyball = 23; handball = 1...

A team's ability to respond positively to adversities, problems, and obstacles during their season is an essential part of success in collective sports. Grounded in team resilience theory and using a multilevel analytical approach, this study examined the relationship of the characteristics of resilience and vulnerability under pressure with percei...

Objetivo. El objetivo del presente estudio era comprobar, según la experiencia, los procesos motivacionales de los entrenadores y la percepción de estilo interpersonal de apoyo hacia las NPB de sus deportistas. Método. Participaron 751 entrenadores de entre 18-67 años (86 mujeres; M = 33.49 ± 10.27), que entrenaban en diferentes deportes colectivos...

This study aimed to investigate the effects of contextual match factors (quality of opposition, match outcome, change of head coach or playing style) on internal and external load in elite Brazilian professional soccer players, considering the total and effective playing time. Twenty-two professional male outfield soccer players participated in thi...

Background Knowing the impact of injuries is essential for their adequate management during reconditioning programs. Objective This study aimed to analyze the changes in match performance parameters in professional soccer players after sustaining an injury, which was defined according to injury severity. Methods Two-hundred and seven injuries rel...

The aim of this study was to develop and validate a psychometrically-sound instrument to assess students’ perceptions about class cohesion. Two studies were conducted. In Study 1, four steps were established: (1) development of the Class Cohesion Questionnaire (CCQ); (2) item selection; (3) item compression; and (4) exploration of psychometric prop...

This study aimed to determine the association between students' perception of teacher leadership (i.e., transformational, transactional, and passive) and students' psychological needs (i.e., need satisfaction and need frustration) in Mathematics, English as a foreign language, Spanish Language and Literature, and Physical Education. Participants we...

Purpose: Using a multilevel approach, this study analyzed the relationship between ball possession and distance covered at different speed sections: total distance (TD), distance covered between 14.1-21 km·h-1 (MIRD), 21.1-24 km·h-1 (HIRD), and > 24.1 km·h-1 (VHIRD). Methods: The sample included 1,520 matches played by 80 Spanish professional socce...

The purpose of this study was to adapt and validate the Basic Psychological Needs in Exercise (BPNES) and the Psychological Need Thwarting Scale (PNTS) to merge both measures and create a specific scale for the coaching context. Two studies were conducted. In Study 1, three sports psychologist experts adapted two instruments to analyze the coaches’...

On the basis of self-determination theory, we aimed to identify students’ perceptions of interpersonal teaching style profiles (i.e. within-teacher combinations of six dimensions of need-supportive and need-thwarting behaviours of autonomy, competence and relatedness) and to examine, through a cross-sectional design, the possible associations betwe...

This study analyzed how the physical movement profile of soccer matches evolved throughout a season by assessing the variability of different metrics depending on the season phase. In addition, the evolution of running distances was investigated in the relation to the team performance based on the coaches’ perception. Games from four consecutives S...

Purpose : Based on a multilevel approach (individual and class level), this study aimed to test which need-supportive/thwarting teaching styles were more closely associated with students’ motivation and other positive physical education (PE) out-of-school consequences. Method : Participants were 654 primary ( n = 385) and secondary ( n = 269) PE st...

El objetivo de este estudio ha sido analizar si la modificación de las tareas de entrenamiento, en concreto la orientación del espacio, tiene consecuencias en los diferentes parámetros que identifican la carga de trabajo en el fútbol femenino. En el estudio participaron 18 jugadoras de fútbol femenino (M = 21.89; DT = 6.20), que realizaron dos sesi...

Citation: Dos Santos Guimarães, R.; Bertoli Nascimento, V.; García-Calvo, T.; Lobo-Triviño, D.; Rubio-Morales, A.; Pulido, J. J. Analysis of physical demand in the Brazilian soccer championship in the 2020/21 using main components. Sports 2021, 9, x. Publisher's Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and ins...

The aim of this study was to analyze the degree of agreement comparing number and distance covered in different acceleration and deceleration sections registered by a video tracking system (MEDIACOACH) and a GPS device (WIMU PRO) during official competition. Data from a Spanish professional club were registered over the course of a season. First, t...

Introduction: There are not many valid instruments to quickly and easily identify body dissatisfaction in adolescents. Most studies have used the Stunkard Rating Scale to assess body image. Nevertheless, this scale has been described as too abrupt and crude for adolescents. Aim Was to validate the body image dimensional assessment (BIDA) questionna...

This study aimed to analyze the association between specific dimension (i.e., fitness, appearance, physical competence, physical strength, and self-esteem) of students’ physical self-concept (PSC) and their physical activity (PA) levels (i.e., intentions to be physically active and out-of-school PA levels perceived by students) and sedentary behavi...

The aim of the study was to examine the evolution of players' perception of group variables (leadership, motivational climate, cohesion, and collective efficacy) and to determine whether the intercept and growth trajectory differed as a function of whether expectations have or have not been met in a sample of semi-professional Spanish football play...

This study analyzed the influence of the coaches’ encouragement on the mental and physical load in soccer practices. The participants were 36 semiprofessional Spanish soccer players (Mage = 22.40; SD = 2.25) belonging to two male teams and one female team. Following the same practices’ design and order, two training sessions of each team were compl...

The study aimed to analyze the relationship between athletes' perceptions of athlete leadership quality, team identification, inside sacrifice, and performance. A total of 299 players of collective sports (soccer, beach soccer, basketball, volleyball; Mage 19.05, SD = 5.10) participated through a cross-sectional design survey. Data were analyzed us...

Motivation seems to enhance athletes’ mental efforts, but this has not been tested yet in padel. The objective was to test the effects of motivation on mental fatigue during padel trainings. Thirty-six elite youth players participated (twenty-two males, Mage = 17.40, SDage = 2.16, and fourteen females, Mage = 17.90, SDage = 3.21). We designed four...

This study aimed to analyze the effects of rules limitations in pass decisions during soccer tasks on physical and mental load reported by players. Participants were 40 semiprofessional Spanish soccer players (Mage = 22.40, SD = 2.25) from two male teams. Two training sessions with four tasks (same tasks with different score system: two maintaining...

The purpose of the present study was to examine how coaches’ satisfaction with the team could be related to their reported interpersonal style towards young athletes, and to analyze the mediating role of basic psychological needs (i.e. need satisfaction and need frustration) in this relationship. Participants were 352 coaches (16–67 years old; M ag...

El objetivo del presente estudio fue analizar las diferencias en el número y tipo de acciones técnico-tácticas de los porteros en competición en función de la división y de si juegan como local o visitante. Para ello, se han analizado 80 partidos con un total de 160 porteros de 1ª, 2ª, 2ªB y 3ª división española. Los resultados mostraron que no exi...

Background Although several studies that rely on self-determination theory have shown the positive interrelations among perceived need supportive learning environment, needs satisfaction, quality of motivation, and desired outcomes in the context of physical education, only few studies have tested so far the full sequence of relations within a sing...

El objetivo de este estudio ha sido analizar si la modificación de las tareas de entrenamiento, en concreto la orientación del espacio, tiene consecuencias en los diferentes parámetros que identifican la carga de trabajo en el fútbol femenino. En el estudio participaron 18 jugadoras de fútbol femenino (M = 21.89; DT = 6.20), que realizaron dos sesi...

Objectives The purpose of the study was to assess the effect of a coaching intervention on soccer athletes’ perceptions of the coaches’ competencies, enjoyment, satisfaction, and intention to persist in the sport. Equipment and methods: The sample consisted of 117 young male soccer players and eight of their coaches who were divided into two groups...

Prevalence of overweight and obesity is an important health problem worldwide. It was shown that physical activity and sedentary behaviour are associated with prevalence of overweight and obesity in youth individuals. However, few children and adolescents meet the World Health Organization recommendations about physical activity levels. The need to...

El propósito del presente trabajo fue conocer la efectividad de los programas de intervención destinados a disminuir el sobrepeso y la obesidad en los jóvenes. Se seleccionaron 266 publicaciones obtenidas mediante la búsqueda en bases de datos: Pubmed (n = 83), Science Direct (n = 2091), Scopus (n = 100) y Web of Science (n = 107). Tras la lectura...

Active commuting to and from school (ACS) has been recognized as a potential tool to improve physical fitness. Thus, this study aims to test the relationships between the average slope in the ACS and physical fitness, as well as to verify the mediator role of fatness in the relationship between average slope and physical fitness. A total of 257 par...

Background: The aim of this systematic review was to examinemotivational interventions based on physical activity as precursor of psychosocial benefits inside of the scholar context. Method: studies were identified in seven databases (Web of Science, Sport Discuss, Scopus, Eric, Pubmed, Psycinfo and Google Scholar). The search process was from June...

Using self-determination theory as a framework, we aimed to study the relationships between perceived need support and need satisfaction with self-determined motivation and extracurricular physical activity intentions in the physical education (PE) classroom, including sex and out-of-school sport participation as moderators. Additionally, we aimed...

Se sabe que la práctica de la actividad física es beneficiosa para mejorar la calidad de vida en la formación ya que mejora notablemente el rendimiento académico de los alumnos. Además, esta mejora viene precedida también por la práctica de la actividad física en el seno familiar. Por lo tanto, el objetivo del presente estudio es conocer las difere...

En los últimos años, el tiempo empleado en el movimiento del cuerpo en las escuelas ha perdido importancia. Por ello, a continuación se presenta una propuesta de intervención diseñada para atender a las necesidades corporales a través del movimiento en los alumnos y alumnas. De esta forma, se establecerán16 breves periodos motrices orientados al al...

The aim of this study was to compare the agreement of the movement demands data during a soccer match (total distance, distance per minute, average speed, maximum speed and distance covered in different speed sectors) between an optical tracking system (Mediacoach System) and a GPS device (Wimu Pro). Participants were twenty-six male professional s...

Framed within Self-Determination Theory, the objective of this study was to analyze the relationship between satisfaction and frustration of basic psychological needs, levels of motivation, physical activity, and satisfaction with life. Methods: A total of 487 students participated, comprising males (n = 262) and females (n = 225), aged between 1...

Objectives The aim of this study was to design and develop a multidimensional observational coding system (Coach Interpersonal Style Observational System) to assess coaches' interpersonal style adopted during training sessions and matches. Equipment and methods Content validity was established by 11 experts (with proven knowledge and experience in...

This study aimed to analyze the number of task, social and external athlete leaders within sports teams, and to examine the effectiveness of different leadership structures in male and female teams. The participants were 317 male and 214 female soccer players belonging to 18 teams playing in the third highest male division and to 13 teams playing i...

The main aim of this study was to analyze the multilevel associations between perceived coach interpersonal style (supportive and thwarting style) and basic psychological needs (satisfaction and frustration), and athlete-perceived coaching competency and satisfaction with the coach. Participants were 640 male soccer players aged between 12 and 18 y...

The main objective of this study was to analyze the effects of a training program on the verbal behavior of unskilled youth football coaches without training and academic qualification (related with physical and sport training). The program was based on the promotion of motivational and methodological strategies with the purpose of optimizing the a...

El objetivo de este estudio era analizar los efectos de un programa de formación sobre la conducta verbal de entrenadores de fútbol base no cualificados. El programa estaba basado en el fomento de estrategias motivacionales y metodológicas para optimizar las necesidades psicológicas básicas de los deportistas, aumentando las conductas relacionadas...

Grounded in self-determination theory, this study aimed first to examine differences in motivation for physical activity (PA) and habitual PA levels between adolescents and university students in Spain. The second aim was to examine differences in the degree of association between their intrinsic motivation and amotivation for PA and habitual PA le...

This study aimed to adapt and validate the Transactive Memory System Scale in Sport with professional players. The participants were 375 male and 229 female professional players, aged between 15 and 38 years (M = 24.34, SD = 4.03). The structure of the instrument was analyzed through confirmatory procedures and supporting the hypothesized theoretic...

This research examines the association between measured body mass index (BMI) and the perception of BMI by young students. Moreover, this research tests the importance of BMI and self‐concept, in order to predict body dissatisfaction in high school students. The sample consisted of 2087 individuals from different high schools in Extremadura, Spain,...

Objectives: Grounded on the self-determination theory, the aim of this study was to assess the impact of perceived need support/thwarting, psychological needs satisfaction/frustration and motivation on young soccer players’ sport commitment. Equipment and methods: We used a sample of 430 male soccer players (Mage = 14.21 years, SD = 1.67 years, ran...

Framed within Self-Determination Theory, the purpose of the present study was to test the effects of a training program with physical education (PE) teachers. Participants were 21 high school PE teachers (experimental group, n = 10; control group, n = 11), and their 836 students, aged 12 to 16 years. Teachers in the experimental group received a tr...

O principal objetivo deste estudo consistiu em adaptar e validar para português a escala de envolvimento na EF.

The aim of this study was to examine the relationships between gender and the educational grade on the one hand, and physical activity levels, motivation, self-identity, body dissatisfaction, the intention to be physically active and daily sitting time on the other, in a sample of Spanish high school adolescents. The sample consisted of 2087 Spanis...

Purpose: The objectives were to develop and validate the Coaches’ Interpersonal Style Questionnaire. The Coaches’ Interpersonal Style Questionnaire analyzes the interpersonal style adopted by coaches when implementing their strategy of supporting or thwarting athletes’ basic psychological needs. Method: In Study 1, an exploratory factor analysis wa...

The main objective of this study is to examine the structure of the Role Ambiguity Framework and a validation into Spanish of the Role Ambiguity Scale with professional players. We employed a sample of 604 male and female professional athletes, aged between 15 and 38 years. To find the best solution of the questionnaire’s factor structure, a set of...

The main goal of the study was to assess the effects of an intervention programme developed with soccer coaches, based on promoting strategies to optimise the satisfaction of the basic psychological needs of athletes. Eight soccer coaches, aged between 19 and 50 years (M = 32.5; SD = 14.34), participated in the study. They were selected intentional...

The aim of this study was to examine coaches training (federative and general academic) incidence on motivational psychological variables (frustration of the basic psychological needs (BPN), self-determination, professional efficacy and emotional burnout). Thus, 147 coaches belonged to 26 different sports in training categories participated in the...

The aim of the study was to develop a validation into Spanish of the of the scale carried out by Myers, Chase, Beauchamp, and Jackson (2010) about coach' competence (Athletes' Perceptions of Coaching Competency Scale II-High School Teams: APCCS II-HST). The sample was formed by 581 players, whom 356 athletes were male and 225 individuals were femal...

The aim of the study was to examine the influence of the coaches´ academic and federative training on motivation, enjoyment, boredom and intention to persist levels in youth athletes. Participants were 432 youth athletes (male = 245, female = 187) ranged from 10 to 16 years old (M = 13.44; SD = 2.92) who participated in individual (n = 163) and col...

El objetivo de la presente investigación era validar al contexto de la Educación Primaria el instrumento CMEF (Cuestionario de Motivación en Educación Física), desarrollado originalmente en la etapa de Educación Secundaria. Para ello, participaron un total de 333 alumnos de Educación Primaria, de género masculino (n = 183) y femenino (n = 150), con...

El objetivo del estudio era dar a conocer una propuesta práctica desarrollada en el contexto educativo para fomentar los niveles de actividad física (AF) extraescolar y, a su vez, analizar el grado de utilidad y satisfacción de los participantes con el programa. Para ello, se contó con un total de 1043 alumnos (M = 14.93; DT = .88) de 3º y 4º de ES...

La transición a la élite del deporte es descrita generalmente por los deportistas como la más difícil y muchos de ellos confiesan que fracasaron en ella. La motivación y las expectativas de llegar a profesional juegan un papel importante en este proceso. Este estudio tiene como objetivos explorar las relaciones entre las expectativas de llegar a pr...

The aim of the study was to adaptive and validate of the Spanish version (Sánchez & Núñez, 2007) the Basic Psychological Needs Scale in Exercise (BPNES: Vlachopoulos & Michailidou, 2006) into football. Thus, 430 football male players ranging in age from 11 to 18 years old, from infantile (n = 185), cadet (n = 166) and juvenile (n = 79) categories p...

The transition to elite sport is generally described by athletes as the most difficult and many of them confess that it failed. Motivation and expectations to become professional have an important role in this process. This study aims to explore the relationship between expectations of reaching professional status and different types of motivation...

The aim of the study was to provide a practical proposal developed in an educational context to promote extracurricular physical activity (PA) and, in turn, analyze the degree of usefulness and participant satisfaction with the program. To this aim, a total of 1043 students (M = 14.93, SD = .88) in secondary 3 and 4 from 22 high schools participate...

This is qualitative study with the objective to analyse motivation towards dance by comparing two teaching methodologies within the education context, depending on gender. The self-report technique was applied with 47 students (29 girls and 18 boys) aged 14 to 16 years (14.84 +/- 0.48) from a secondary school in Extremadura (Spain) to explore the r...

The aim of this study was to adapt and validate into the sport context the Motivational Questionnaire in Physical Education (CMEF), based on Self-Determination Theory (Deci & Ryan, 1985; 2000; Ryan & Deci, 2000) and developed to be used in the educative domain, to assess the intrinsic motivation, identified, introyected, external and amotivation. T...

This investigation presents two studies with the goal of adapting and validating a short version of the Group Environment Questionnaire in the Spanish sport context with professional players. Study 1 used a sample of 377 male soccer players aged between 18 and 39 years ( M = 24.51, SD = 3.73), in a preliminary study using exploratory factor analysi...

Recibido el 2 de abril de 2013; aceptado el 7 de noviembre de 2014 Disponible en Internet el 1 de agosto de 2015 PALABRAS CLAVE Conglomerados; Motivación; Necesidades psicológicas; Educación física Resumen Basado en la teoría de la autodeterminación, el objetivo del presente estudio fue analizar los perfiles motivacionales de los estudiantes de edu...

Basado en la teoría de la autodeterminación, el objetivo del presente estudio fue analizar los perfiles motivacionales de los estudiantes de educación física (EF) y valorar las posibles relaciones existentes con determinados comportamientos y actitudes hacia las clases de EF. La muestra del estudio estaba formada por 1.690 estudiantes con edades co...

Grounded in Self-Determination Theory, structural equation modeling (SEM) with the aim of examining how parental support/pressure could influence their children´s motivational processes in sport was conducted, as well as the models´ differences in operability regarding gender. The sample size was 321 children ranging in age from 10 to 16 years old...

The main aim of the study was to examine parents' profiles respecting pressure/involvement and support to the basic psychological needs (BPN) on motivation and boredom developed by youth participants in sport practice. The sample was formed by 301 parents and their respective 301 children (M = 13.92; SD = 2.04), who belonged to team sports (n = 191...

Background: The physical education (PE) context has been emphasised as an ideal environment for developing positive behaviours among students. Under the Positive Youth Development paradigm, various initiatives have been conducted with the aim of promoting personal and social responsibility among adolescents. Self-Determination Theory has been widel...

About the theoretical base of the Autodetermination Theory, the present research has tried to analyse the effect of the mobile applications which are related to the control of training about the basic psychological needs, the level of self-determination towards sport practice and fun. In order to do that, a quasi-experimental research was carried o...

El entrenamiento en el fútbol ha ido evolucionando en los últimos años, pasándose de metodologías y planificaciones de entrenamiento basadas en los deporte individuales, hacia metodologías basadas en la especificidad de este deporte. Uno de los modelos entrenamiento que ha irrumpido con más fuerza durante la última década ha sido la periodización t...

The aim of this study was focused on assessing the influence of perception of support for basic psychological needs (BPN) on variables such as intrinsic motivation, enjoyment, boredom, and intention to persist in the training sport context; and how this can affect the difference between what is provided and what coaches believe athletes perceive in...

O principal objectivo do presente estudo foi analisar os perfis dos pais em termos de sua percepção de pressão, implicação e apoio às necessidades psicológicas básicas (NPB) no desporto e investigar o tipo de relação de cada um desses perfis com a motivação ou o aborrecimento desenvolvido pelos seus filhos. Também se pretende analisar esses perfis...

The aim of this study was focused on assessing the influence of perception of support for basic psychological needs (BPN) on variables such as intrinsic motivation, enjoyment, boredom, and intention to persist in the training sport context; and how this can affect the difference between what is provided and what coaches believe athletes perceive in...

The aim of this study was to adapt and validate into the sport context the Motivational Questionnaire in Physical Education (CMEF), based on Self-Determination Theory (Deci & Ryan, 1985; 2000; Ryan & Deci, 2000) and developed to be used in the educative domain, to assess the intrinsic motivation, identified, introyected, external and amotivation. T...

The aim of the study was to examine the influence of motivational processes on enjoyment, boredom and intention to persist in the sport context. A total of 985 sportspersons ranging in age from 10 to 16 years (14.34±2.52), and from 24 different sport modalities participated in the research. A structural equation model was constructed using the robu...

A través del presente trabajo se pretende valorar la importancia de las necesidades psicológicas básicas para explicar y predecir el tipo de motivación y los niveles de burnout en profesores de educación física. Para ello, la muestra estuvo formada por 357 docentes de género masculino y femenino, pertenecientes a diferentes centros educativos públi...

The purpose of this study was to analyze the psychometric properties of the Basic Psychological Needs Questionnaire (BPNQ) with Portuguese students. The sample was composed of 445 male and female students, ranging in age from 12 to 16 years. Initially, the scale was translated into Portuguese, and later, an analysis of the psychometric properties w...

Este trabalho teve como objetivo analisar as propriedades psicométricas do Questionário de Apoio às Necessidades Psicológicas Básicas (QANPB) com estudantes portugueses. A amostra foi constituída por 445 estudantes do sexo masculino e feminino, com idades compreendidas entre os 12 e os 16 anos. Inicialmente, a escala foi traduzida para o português,...

This work aims to assess the importance of the basic psychological needs to explain and predict the type of motivation and levels of burnout in physical education teachers. To achieve this purpose, the sample was formed by 357 male and female teachers, belonged to different public and private schools from Spain. A regression analysis by each depend...