José Juan Vázquez

University of Alcalá | UAH · Social Psychology

Women living homeless make up a particularly vulnerable and significantly invisible collective, about which there is little information regarding the use of health services. The purpose of this study is to examine the use of health services by a sample of women living homeless in Madrid, Spain ( n = 138). The information was compiled using structur...

Persons experiencing homelessness represent one of the principal manifestations of the phenomenon of social exclusion, with homeless women constituting a group in a particularly vulnerable situation. The article analyzed the experience of violence in childhood and adolescence, and its implications in terms of violence experienced as an adult, in a...

The objectives of this article were to analyze the occurrence of stressful life events (SLE), to establish profiles based on the said events by means of classification through cluster analysis, to establish the relationship between the groups obtained and the presence of distress, and to analyze which SLE seem to have had a greater impact on the me...

El presente artículo tuvo como objetivos analizar la ocurrencia de sucesos vitales estresantes (SVE), establecer perfiles en función de dichos sucesos mediante el análisis de grupos (clusters), conocer la relación entre los grupos obtenidos y la presencia de distrés, y analizar qué SVE parecen tener un mayor impacto en la salud mental. Participaron...

In this 36-month longitudinal study, we aim to evaluate the relationships between perceived discrimination related to homelessness and various indicators of health, substance abuse, and social support. Participants were adult women experiencing homelessness in Madrid (Spain; N = 136). Information was gathered through a structured interview and ques...

People living homeless are quite heterogeneous groups, including different subgroups with specific characteristics that vary substantially. Within this group, women living homeless are an understudied subgroup with specific necessities which in most cases have not been addressed in general studies related to the group. The present study examines de...

The main aims of this article are to update the data related to drug and alcohol use in persons experiencing homelessness (PEH) who use shelters, and to see if there are significant differences in their drug use depending on their gender and nationality. The article presents an analysis of the interconnections between the results of drug dependence...

In this longitudinal study, we aim to evaluate the prevalence and impact of interpersonal and non-interpersonal traumatic events among women experiencing homelessness in Madrid (Spain) (N = 136). The information was collected through a structured interview and standardized instruments at baseline and at a 12-month follow-up. The most prevalent even...

The evaluation work regarding programs aimed at persons experiencing homelessness based on the Housing First (HF) model, as well as the dissemination of the results obtained, has been a fundamental aspect of this model’s expansion. The key indicators used to evaluate the success of the model were those directly related to accommodation, although ot...

Nicaragua is one of the lowest income countries in Latin America, where there is a shortage of data on women living homeless. This paper analyses the types, timing and perceived causality of stressful life events (SLE) suffered both during childhood and adolescence and throughout life by women living homeless (n = 30). A structured interview was us...

The paper analyses the health situation and the perceived health status of a sample of women experiencing homelessness (n = 138) in Madrid, Spain. All participants were adults, and the night before the baseline interview, they had slept on the street, at a shelter or any facility provided to care for people living homeless. The information was coll...

This paper analyses the types, timing and perceived causality of SLEs experienced during childhood and adolescence and throughout the lives of women experiencing homelessness in Buenos Aires (n = 72). A structured interview was used to collect the information. Findings showed that interviewees had experienced a high number of SLEs during their chil...

The purpose of the study is to analyse the stressful life events (SLEs) suffered by 62 people living homeless (32 men; 30 women) in Nicaragua, and how the different SLEs are related to patterns and trajectories in homelessness. The sample was classified based on SLEs, and the relationship between the resulting subgroups and sociodemographic charact...

Background: People living homeless represent one of the most extreme embodiments of the phenomena of poverty and social exclusion, and women are a particularly vulnerable group among people living homeless. Methods: Various factors in a sample of women living homeless in Madrid, Spain (n = 136) have been analyzed for relationships to connections...

This article examines the influence of political ideology on meta-stereotypes and stereotypes of homeless people, on the causal attributions of homelessness, and on willingness to increase public funds allocated to homeless people among the members of three groups in Madrid (Spain): a) homeless group; b) domiciled service-users group; and c) domici...

Women constitute a particularly vulnerable subgroup of people living homeless, with their own set of circumstances and life histories that are different from men in the same situation. In this paper, we present the results of a longitudinal study on the situation, needs, characteristics, and process of change among women in a homeless situation in...

This article takes a gender perspective approach to a series of issues that may affect the vulnerability of people in a homeless situation in Nicaragua, focusing particularly on women. The study was completed using data obtained from two similarly-sized samples, one of homeless men (n = 32) and the other of homeless women (n = 30). The information...

This article studies in a sample of women and men living homeless in Spain the issues that are most closely linked to involvement in the criminal justice system and incarceration. The study was carried out in Madrid (Spain) with a representative sample of men living homeless (n = 158) and a sample of women living homeless of a similar size (n = 138...

People in a situation of homelessness represent one of the major manifestations of the phenomenon of social exclusion, with women living homeless constituting a collective in a position of particular vulnerability. This article examines a sample of women living homeless in Madrid, Spain (n = 136), their main sources of income, and their access to e...

The objectives of this study were: (a) to assess the prevalence of disability among homeless women; (b) to compare homeless women with and without a disability in key variables (e.g., sociodemographic, homelessness history, physical and mental health, etc.); (c) to examine paths between disability, perceived discrimination, mental health, and quali...

The purpose of this paper is to discover the extent to which women living homeless in Madrid (Spain) have been victims of intimate partner sexual violence (IPSV), analysing the connection between stressful life events (SLE) relating to violent victimisation and having suffered sexual assault by a partner. This study took place using a sample of wom...

Nicaragua is one of the countries with the lowest levels of development in Latin America, with a collectivist culture, where information on people in a homeless situation is very limited. The study examines a sample of people living homeless in the city of León (Nicaragua), their level of overall happiness, their future expectations, their percepti...

The aim of this study is to examine stressful life events (SLEs) among homeless women and how SLEs were related to patterns and trajectories of homelessness. Specifically, the study aimed to replicate and build upon by Muñoz et al. (2005) by using cluster and discriminant analysis in a sample of 116 homeless women. The sample was classified based o...

People experiencing homelessness are particularly vulnerable to experiencing stressful life events (SLEs) at some point in their lives; these SLEs are crucial for understanding the etiology and maintenance of homelessness. This study analyses the differences between men and women experiencing homelessness in the suffering of SLEs throughout their l...

Objective The main objective of this study is to examine the intersecting vulnerabilities, intersectional discrimination, and stigmatization experienced by homeless people living in León (Nicaragua). Method The data analyzed come from a Point‐In‐Time count carried out in the city of León, which identified 82 people living homeless. Forty‐seven of...

Nicaragua is one of the countries in Latin America with lowest levels of development. In Nicaragua, people in a homeless situation are one of the most socially excluded groups, and there is a lack of data regarding their characteristics, circumstances, and needs. This study examines the state of health, disability, and substance use among people li...

Several studies have revealed that homeless people suffering from mental health problems are more vulnerable than homeless without those mental health problems. Nevertheless, there is a lack of evidence describing the real circumstances of homeless women. This paper explores the differences between homeless women at high risk of mental ill-health c...

People in a homeless situation are one of the most obvious embodiments of the phenomenon of social exclusion, and women living homeless are a particularly vulnerable group. The article examines some of the differences between women who were mothers and those who had no children in a sample of women living homeless in Madrid, Spain (n = 138). The in...

Homeless people are one of the most obvious embodiments of the phenomenon of social exclusion, and homeless immigrants and homeless women are considered 2 particularly vulnerable groups. The objective of this article is to analyze the differences between women living homeless born in Spain (nonimmigrants) and those born abroad (immigrants). The stu...

The researchers’ aim for the current study is to analyze the impact of gender-based violence on mental health and happiness. The sample is composed of 136 women victims of intimate partner violence, who were living in poverty. The participants contacted through the country’s Commissariat for Women and Children and other associations working with th...

The objectives of this study were: (1) to assess the prevalence of substance use among homeless women; (2) to examine the correlates for drug abuse; (3) to analyze paths between early stressful life events, drug abuse and mental health. The methodology was a longitudinal study of women homeless in Madrid (Spain), who were followed for a 24 months p...

The work analyzes the relationship between the suffering of stressful life events and the excessive consumption of alcohol and drugs in 136 women victims of gender violence in Nicaragua. The data was obtained from a heteroapplied structured interview designed for this purpose, which collects stressful life events suffered by the victims throughout...

Este artículo proporciona una descripción de las características diferenciales entre mujeres en situación sin hogar que son madres de hijos/as menores con respecto a mujeres en esa misma situación y que no lo son en la ciudad de Madrid. Para ello se utilizó una metodología cuantitativa con una muestra de 92 mujeres en situación sin hogar. En los re...

The study examines various aspects (e.g. socio-demographic characteristics, access to economic resources, social support, chronicity and access to new technologies) in a sample of homeless people living in León (Nicaragua; n = 68). A questionnaire was used to collect the data. The results showed that people experiencing homelessness in León (Nicara...

This paper examines the content and degree of uniformity of meta‐stereotypes among women living homeless in Madrid, Spain, and the differences with their male counterparts. The study was conducted utilizing a structured interview with a representative sample of men living homeless (n = 158) and a convenience sample of a similar size (n = 138) of wo...

La violencia contra las mujeres en la pareja es un problema de salud pública a nivel mundial, aunque en algunas culturas, su frecuencia impide su visibilización y que se emprendan medidas para erradicarla. El objetivo del trabajo pretende analizar las circunstancias y tipos de maltrato en una muestra de 136 víctimas de violencia en la pareja, con u...

Introducción: La relación entre el consumo de alcohol y otras sustancias psicoactivas y la situación sin hogar ha despertado un gran interés en la literatura científica en las últimas décadas. A pesar de que los estudios sobre el tema muestran elevadas tasas de prevalencia de consumo en la población sin hogar y sugieren la importancia de adoptar un...

People in homeless situation are one of the major embodiments of the phenomenon of social exclusion, and women living homeless are considered a particularly vulnerable group. This paper examines different variables that may affect the situation of vulnerability experienced by women living homeless in Madrid (Spain). The study was carried out using...

El trabajo analiza la relación entre el padecimiento de sucesos vitales estresantes y el consumo excesivo de alcohol y drogas en 136 mujeres víctimas de violencia de género de Nicaragua. Los datos se obtuvieron a partir de una entrevista estructurada heteroaplicada diseñada para este fin, que recoge sucesos vitales estresantes padecidos por las víc...

Suffering traumatic experiences linked to violence seems to be related to suicide attempts, especially, when the physical or sexual abuse has been experienced at an early age. This study examines the relationship between the history of abuse and suicide attempts among women victims of violence living in poverty in Nicaragua. This sample was subject...

The chapter aims to reflect on cognitive processes linked to situations of extreme poverty or social exclusion. The method used is quantitative. Investigations developed in Nicaragua and Spain were used. Cognitive schemes, attributions, stereotypes or meta-stereotypes seem to function as cognitions that, due to their characteristics, may have a ver...

Objectives To analyse the impact of different variables on repeated episodes of homelessness. Method The study was conducted based on data obtained from a representative sample of homeless people in Madrid (Spain) (n=188). Results Suffering from a serious or chronic illness has an effect on the revolving door to homelessness, which is mediated by...

Intimate partner violence (IPV) has serious consequences for women, and their vulnerability is increased if their experiences related to abuse occurred at an early age. This study examines the risk of experiencing stressful life events (SLE) during the lives of Nicaraguan victims of IPV in situations of extreme poverty according to their exposure t...

The objective of this article is to analyze the relationship between suffering from stressful life events (SLE) and subsequent suicidal behavior among women in a homeless situation, examining the differences in the number and characteristics of SLE experienced by attempters and nonattempters. The study was carried out based on the data obtained fro...

Homelessness is a global phenomenon that affects groups in situations of poverty and social exclusion, in both developed and developing nations. However, the scientific literature on homeless people in developing countries is scant. This work shows the difficulties defining homelessness and examines the necessary criteria for who will be deemed a h...

This study analyses the housing characteristics, residential situation, household conditions and satisfaction with social relations of trash pickers (N = 99) in León, Nicaragua. Results show that the trash pickers in León live in slum households. A large percentage of the trash pickers live in a situation of residential segregation, although a subs...

Antecedentes: El apoyo social parece ser un factor protector para las víctimas de violencia de género que contribuye a romper con la relación de maltrato que somete a muchas mujeres. El trabajo pretende analizar la relación entre el apoyo social y el mantenimiento de la convivencia con el agresor. Método: En el estudio participaron 136 mujeres víct...

Nicaragua is one of Latin America's least developed countries and has a lack of data on homeless people, a stigmatized group living in extreme poverty. We conducted structured interviews with homeless people living in the city of León (Nicaragua; n = 41) to obtain data on the quantity, types, timing, and perceived causality of stressful life events...

The article describes a study carried out with a representative sample of homeless people in Madrid (Spain; N = 188). This study aims to corroborate the relationship identified in the literature between stressful life events and suicidal behaviour in a group in a situation of social exclusion, to assess the differences in the number and characteris...

Retraction among female victims of intimate partner violence (IPV) who report their abuser is a major problem in all societies. This article describes a study of 136 female victims of physical IPV living in poverty in Nicaragua, one of the countries with the lowest levels of development in Central America. This article analyses the aspects that dif...

This study analyses the stressful life events experienced in childhood and adolescence and the onset of precocious adulthood among individuals who earn their livelihood in the dump (n = 99) in León (Nicaragua). The results show that the trash pickers of León suffered from many stressful life events during their childhood and adolescence, which were...

This work analyses the difficulties encounter to determine who should be considered a homeless person in a developing country, and the result of a point-in-time count of homeless people done in the city of Leon (185,000 inhabitants), Nicaragua. Throughout the point-in-time count, 82 unduplicated persons living homeless were tallied (76% male; 23% f...

Consumo de alcohol y otras sustancias en mujeres sin hogar

Causal attributions of homelessness may affect both the design and acceptance of public policies aimed at improving the situation of homeless people and the strategies that homeless people themselves decide to adopt in order to cope with their situation. This article analyzes the differences in causal attributions of homelessness based on gender, a...

This study analyses the content and the uniformity of meta-stereotypes among homelessness people, and the stereotypes that domiciled people have of homeless people. The research took place in Madrid (Spain), based on data provided by a representative sample of homeless people (n = 188) and a sample of people at no risk of becoming homeless (n = 180...

The study analyze the causal attributions of poverty in the less developed countries in a sample of 1,092 undergraduates from Nicaragua, El Salvador, Chile and Spain. Statistical analysis showed the existence of three components which initially grouped the various causal attributions for poverty in developing countries: “Fault of the world economic...

The work analyzes different aspects related to alcohol consumption among homeless people and people at risk of social exclusion. The data was gathered from a representative sample of homeless people in Madrid (n = 188) and a sample of people at risk of social exclusion (n = 164) matched in sex, age, and origin (Spaniards vs. foreigners). The result...

People living in extreme poverty or social exclusion mainly come from poor families, and their social difficulties tend to become chronic. This situation appears to be especially pronounced in countries with lower levels of development. This article analyzes different aspects of people (n = 99) who make their living collecting trash from dumps in L...

This research was intended to study the perception of both needs and social climate of a coastal community affected by the earthquake and tsunami lived in Chile in February 2010. Information collection techniques used in this study were five semi-structured interviews and a group interview. In total 11 people participated, two men and nine woman be...

The article analyzes various aspects related to the meta-stereotype of 99 trash pickers who made their living from the garbage dumps in León (Nicaragua). This group is difficult to access, heavily stigmatized, and lives in extreme poverty. All the pickers in the city were interviewed using a heteroapplied structured interview. The results show that...

The study analyzes the differences in causal attributions of homelessness and attributions of responsibility among the members of 3 groups: homeless group, consisting of a representative sample of homeless people in Madrid, Spain (n = 188); domiciled service-users group, consisting of people at risk of homelessness (n = 164); and domiciled nonservi...

This article tests a hypothesized model of overall happiness among homeless people in Spain. The research was conducted based on a representative sample of homeless people in Madrid (n = 235), all adults, who had spent the night before the interview in a shelter for homeless people, on the street or in other places not initially designed for sleepi...

The article analyzes access to various information and communication technologies (ICTs; mobile phone, computer, Internet, e‐mail, and social network sites) among a representative sample of homeless people in Madrid. The information was collected using a structured interview. The results show that new ICTs are used to some extent among homeless peo...

This article describes a study of 136 female intimate partner violence victims living in poverty in Nicaragua. The paper aimed to analyze the relationship between experiencing stressful life events (SLE) and perceived social support with suicide attempts, and to evaluate the differences in the SLE experienced by female suicide attempters versus non...

The study analyzed differences in the risk of experiencing stressful life events (SLE) according to cultural factors, the level of economic development of the region inhabited, and gender. Information was gathered on the number and nature of SLE experienced by a sample of 604 undergraduates from 3 regions with very different levels of economic deve...

The article analyzes various aspects of overall happiness expressed by 136 women in poverty who are victims of intimate partner violence (IPV) in Nicaragua, a country with low levels of development. The information was gathered using a structured interview. Results obtained show that despite the hardships they face, one half of the women in poverty...

El trabajo analiza diferentes aspectos relacionados con la felicidad general manifestada por una muestra representativa de las personas sin hogar en Madrid (España), un colectivo de difícil acceso, fuertemente estigmatizado, que vive en situación de extrema pobreza. La muestra se encuentra compuesta por 235 personas sin hogar, mayores de edad, que...

El artA­culo describe los resultados de un trabajo realizado con 481 estudiantes de psicologA­a de cinco universidades de Nicaragua, Chile y EspaA±a, tres paA­ses que presenten diferentes niveles de desarrollo socioeconA³mico. Se analiza el riesgo de padecer determinados sucesos vitales estresantes y la cantidad y caracterA­sticas de los estresores...

This article analyzes various aspects related to overall happiness expressed by 99 people who make their living in the dumps of León (Nicaragua) – a group that is difficult to access, heavily stigmatized, and living in extreme poverty. We interviewed all the people living from the garbage in the city of León using a heteroapplied structured intervi...

From information supplied by 1,092 university students from countries with different levels of development, in this work we developed an up-to-date instrument to allow the causes of poverty in developing countries to be studied. Taking the Causes of Third World Poverty Questionnaire (CTWPQ; Harper, 2002), the most widely used instrument for this pu...

This paper presents a study conducted on 709 Latin American undergraduates from four countries with different development levels (Nicaragua, El Salvador, Chile and Spain). The intention of this paper is to value the differences in the number and characteristics of stressful life events (SLE) suffered by the participants. Another purpose is to confi...

This article analyses, from a sample of 860 undergraduates in Nicaragua and El Salvador, how willing they would be to donate money to nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) if they lived in an industrialized country as well as their perceptions of the work undertaken by these organizations, the trust they generate, their perception of the effect thei...

El presente artículo presenta una experiencia de evaluación psicopedagógica a niños en situación de fuerte exclusión social en la ciudad de León (Nicaragua). La actividad se desarrolló como parte del Practicum de la Licenciatura de Psicopedagogía de la Universidad de Alcalá en un proyecto de colaboración con la asociación nicaragüense «Niños del Fo...

This paper analyzes the attributions about causes of poverty in the less developed countries between undergraduates from Nicaragua and El Salvador, and the attributional differences depending on their economical level, political ideology and attitudes about Non Governmental Organizations (NGOs). An auto-applicated questionnaire was used. It include...

This paper analyzes attributional differences about causes of poverty in the less developed countries, among Nicaraguan ("actors") and Spanish ("observers") undergraduates. A selfapplied questionnaire was used. It included sociodemographic questions and an adaptation of the "Causes of Third World Poverty Questionnaire" (ctwPq). Results show agreeme...

El trabajo analiza las diferencias atribucionales sobre las causas de la pobreza en los países menos desarrollados a las que llegaron universitarios nicaragüenses ("actores") y españoles ("observadores"). La información se recogió mediante un cuestionario autoaplicado que incluía, junto a preguntas de carácter sociodemográfico, una adaptación ampli...

El trabajo analiza las atribuciones sobre las causas de la pobreza en los estados menos desarrollados realizadas por estudiantes universitarios de Nicaragua y El Salvador, y las diferencias atributivas existentes entre estos en función de su nivel de renta, su ideología política y su actitud hacia las organizaciones no gubernamentales (ONGs). La in...

This paper describes a research study carried out with 709 psychology students from different universities from Nicaragua, El Salvador, Chile and Spain. Electoral participation of the students and its relationship with different variables such as sociodemographic characteristics, hopelessness, number of stressful life events, attitude towards polit...

The aim of this paper was to analyze the factorial structure of the Causes of Third World Poverty Questionnaire (CTWPQ; Harper, 2002) in Spanish-speaking samples from two countries at different levels of development: Spain (developed nation) and Nicaragua (developing nation). In the English-speaking samples, the instrument displayed a factorial str...

Se recogen los resultados de un estudio realizado con 709 alumnos de psicología de diferentes universidades de Nicaragua, El Salvador, Chile y España. Se analiza la participación electoral de los estudiantes y su relación con diferentes variables como características sociodemográficas, desesperanza, número de sucesos estresantes vividos, actitudes...

the aim was to describe a study involving 481 psychology students in the last courses of their degrees (M age = 21.9 yr., SD=4.2; 94 men and 386 women) from Nicaragua, Chile, and Spain. The study examined the potential risk of experiencing certain stressful life events, the number of stressors, and their characteristics. Also were analyzed the stre...

This paper describes the outcomes of a study about the differences among Psychology students from Nicaragua, El Salvador, Chile and Spain in sociodemographic aspects, attitudes about emigration, use and confidence in mass media, attitudes towards politics (electoral participation, interest in politics, etc), participation in groups and associations...

On March 11, 2004, Al-Qaeda set off 10 bombs on several train routes in Madrid. 192 people were killed and 2,000 wounded. In this study, 1,179 questionnaires were administered Week 2 after the attacks to residents 18 years and over from the affected geographical areas. The questionnaire included items about sociodemographic variables and exposure t...

During 2002 and 2003 in the city of Guadalajara was established a "service of street education" by means of which was carried out an socio-educational intervention in open spaces - three residential areas of the city - with teenagers in a risk of social exclusion. In spite of the lack of available time for the activities, in each period, a series o...

Reports on the results of a study done after the terrorist attack in Madrid on March 11, 2004. During the second week after the terrorist attacks, some 1,179 people aged 18 or older were interviewed. Standardized instruments were used to measure the presence of characteristic symptoms of acute stress disorder, depression, and psychosocial functioni...

En el presente trabajo se analizan los recursos básicos de atención utilizados en mayor medida por las PSH en Madrid: albergues, comedores sociales, baños públicos, roperos, servicios sanitarios -generales y de urgencia- y servicios sociales- UMES, servicios sociales generales e Ingreso Madrileño de Integración-. Para la obtención de los datos se h...