Jose A. Rodriguez-Marroyo

Universidad de León | UNILEON · Department of Physical Education and Sports. Institute of Biomedicine - IBIOMED.

Purpose: Recreational and competitive slalom waterskiing is increasingly popular among individuals with spinal cord injuries (SCI), particularly for those with paraplegia using sit-skis. A key component of slalom skiing is the deep-water start (DWS), yet little is known about the physiological and physical demands of this activity when the athlete...

The aim of this study was to examine the peak locomotor demands of match play and determine if these situations are replicated in training, and analyze their dynamics throughout the competitive microcycle in professional female soccer players based on their positions. Measurements such as distance covered (DIS), high-speed running distance (HSRD),...

Objetivos: el objetivo del estudio fue replicar y ampliar el estudio realizado por Tibana et al. (2016) analizando y relacionando la fuerza en los ejercicios de Back Squat, Front Squat y Pull Up con el desempeño en Clean & Jerk, Snatch y Kipping Pull Up. Métodos: participaron en este estudio 22 adultos que fueron divididos en el grupo de alta fuerz...

This study aimed to compare the effects of an 8-week short-term training program, comprising repeated sprints or running-based high-intensity intermittent training (HIIT), on the aerobic fitness and repeated sprint ability (RSA) performance of sub-elite basketball referees. Twenty male referees participated in supervised training sessions twice a w...

In the life-threatening work of action forces, a decision support system (DSS) must provide a software application that should improve a mission decision maker's capability to make decisions. This requires analysing large amounts of data and to present and visualize the best possible options available. In case of first responders, where errors in d...

At physiologically intensive work or during acute exercises, early alert functions are highly required to prevent physiological damage to human health. Wearable sensor-based monitoring of vital parameters can provide real-time measures for the quantification of a worker’s individual psychophysiological and thermal strain to define risk levels for a...

Resumen. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue analizar el tipo de pruebas físicas de selección utilizadas en diferentes convocatorias nacionales de acceso al servicio de Salvamento y Extinción de Incendios y describir las diferencias aplicadas en las marcas mínimas exigidas en función del sexo de los aspirantes. Para ello, se estudiaron 49 convocat...

Background: In soccer, the day of the week with the highest external load is match day (MD), with starters (>60 minutes per match) showing higher levels of physical fitness and seasonal high-intensity loading. It is necessary, therefore, to determine training strategies to reduce the differences between starters and nonstarters. The aim of this st...

Objective This study aimed to analyze the actigraphy-based sleep parameters in wheelchair basketball (WB) athletes during the 3 weeks leading up to the playoffs, the week of playoffs, and the week after playoffs. Secondarily, the relationship between training load, sleep, and recovery was evaluated. Methods During 5 consecutive weeks, 10 male elite...

The aim was to examine inter-system and inter-unit reliability of both WIMU PRO (UWB) and Polar Team Pro devices in measuring indoor sport-specific movements. Seventeen active and healthy adults (age: 21.4 ± 5.2 years; height 170.3 ± 8.2 cm; body mass: 71.2 ± 4.5 kg) completed one repetition of an indoor team sport circuit (i.e. accelerations, dece...

Wildland firefighting implies high physical and psychological demands for the personnel involved. Therefore, good physical fitness can help increase the work efficiency of wildland firefighters (WFFs) and safeguard their health. High-intensity circuit training (HICT) could be a good alternative to improve the physical condition of WFFs since it sta...

Wildland firefighters (WFF) face a set of specific work-related factors that directly affect their physical and cognitive abilities and compromise their health and safety. The working conditions include hard physical work and environmental conditions that combine high temperatures and high radiant heat. Such environments make using personal protect...

The current study aimed to analyse the effects of an in-season break period (2-week) on specific performance in amateur young female soccer players. Twelve female soccer players completed four assessment sessions, two before (BD-d1 and BD-d2) and two after (AD-d1 and AD-d2) a 2-week in-season break detraining period (both separated by 24 h). In eac...

This study aimed to assess current perceptions of heat stress, heat strain, acclimatisation and re-covery practices in wildland fire suppression. 1,459 wildfire and structural firefighters, both in-volved in wildland fire suppression, completed an 18-question survey. Most participants (81.3%) reported heat strain as one of the main risks to face up...

Objective This study aimed to determine the prevalence, severity and type of urinary incontinence (UI) in female and male CrossFit® practitioners. Study Design The study design is an online cross-sectional survey distributed to CrossFit® practitioners across all Spanish regions. The questionnaire included categorical questions related to CrossFit®...

This study analyzes the inter- and intra-differences in external load across the microcycle in professional female soccer players. External load during four consecutive microcycles (i.e., M1, M2, M3, and M4) and training sessions (i.e., MD-4, MD-3, MD-2, and MD-1) and a match day (i.e., MD) were registered in seventeen female professional soccer pl...

The work performed by wildland firefighters (WFFs) is very demanding owing to the conditions in which they have to operate. It has been reported that these professionals walk long distances over unstable and steep terrain carrying heavy loads, handle tools manually and repeatedly and are subject to a high level of thermal stress. Under such conditi...

p>The aim of the study was to analyze the goals scored pattern in elite female soccer players. All goals (330) scored in the first half of the Spanish female national league (Iberdrola League) were analyzed using the Nacsport Scout Plus 6.0 New Assistant for Coach Sport SL software. The frequency, place and starting situation, position goal action,...

p>The aim of the study was to analyze the goals scored pattern in elite female soccer players. All goals (330) scored in the first half of the Spanish female national league (Iberdrola League) were analyzed using the Nacsport Scout Plus 6.0 New Assistant for Coach Sport SL software. The frequency, place and starting situation, position goal action,...

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of changes in cycling shoe-cleat position on pedalling biomechanics, physiological variables, and performance in road cycling. Twelve competitive road cyclists performed three pedalling trials with the cleat positioned at the first metatarsal head, 15-mm anterior and 15-mm posterior. Each trial in...

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of postexercise rating times (from 0 minutes to 4 weeks) on session rating of perceived exertion (sRPE). Twenty-five athletes (12 women and 13 men) from different sports (sprinting, endurance running, cycling, and volleyball) were involved in this study. At least 3 training sessions per subject we...

The arduous conditions (i.e., harsh environmental conditions, high physical and mental demands) in which wildland firefighters (WFFs) have to perform their work during wildfire suppression can lead to states of both physical and mental fatigue. Although several studies have delved into the first type of fatigue, there is a paucity of research on th...

The objectives of the present study are to analyze the factorial structure of Wagnild and Young’s Resilience Scale (1993) and describe the levels of resilience in a Spanish sample of mountain runners. In order to do that, a sample of 400 athletes aged between 20 and 60 (M = 38.70) was used. A cross validation was carried out, creating two subsample...

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of post-exercise rating times (from 0-min to 4-wks) on sRPE. Twenty five athletes (12 females and 13 males) from different sports (sprinting, endurance running, cycling and volleyball) were involved in this study. At least 3 training sessions per subject were quantified based on sRPE using a visua...

The Pack Test (PT) is a widely used test to establish readiness for work in wildland firefighting. It is common to perform this test dressed in regular exercise clothing. However, wildland fire-fighters (WFF) have to wear personal protective equipment (PPE) during their deployments, which increases the physiological strain and reducing their work c...

The main purpose of this study was to characterise the thermal environment and the risk of heat burns of wildland firefighters according to the suppression tasks performed in real wildland fires. Measurements of air temperature and heat flux were performed by affixing heat flux and ambient temperature sensors on the outer and inner surface of the w...

Introduction: Mountain running races have grown in popularity in the recent years. Nonetheless, there are few studies on injuries and injury rates. Moreover, these studies have focused on long-distance events such as ultramarathons (>42 km). Therefore, the aim of the present study was to examine the severity, type, and body location of musculoskele...

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Purpose: Games-based drills (GBD) are the predominant form of training stimulus prescribed to male and female basketball players. Despite being readily manipulated during GBD, the impact of defensive strategy on the sex-specific demands of GBD remains unknown. Therefore, the aim of this study was to quantify and compare the heart-rate (HR) respons...

The session rating of perceived exertion (sRPE) method was developed 25 years ago as a modification of the Borg concept of rating of perceived exertion (RPE), designed to estimate the intensity of an entire training session. It appears to be well accepted as a marker of the internal training load. Early studies demonstrated that sRPE correlated wel...

Although there is evidence supporting the benefit of regular exercise, and recommendations about exercise and physical activity, the process of individually prescribing exercise following exercise testing is more difficult. Guidelines like % heart rate (HR) reserve (HRR) require an anchoring maximal test and do not always provide a homogenous train...

Purpose: This study investigated the effect of cooldown modality (active vs passive) and duration (5, 10, and 15 min) on session rating of perceived exertion (sRPE). Secondarily, the possible influence of training sessions' demand on this effect was studied. Methods: A total of 16 youth male soccer players (15.7 [0.4] y) completed 2 standardized...

The aim of this study was to analyse the effects of two short-term training programs to prevent the negative effect of detraining on repeated sprint ability (RSA) performance. The study was carried out during a 2-wk midseason break without official matches. Forty-five youth soccer players (17.7 ± 0.8 yr, 175.4 ± 5.5 cm and 67.2 ± 5.1 kg) were split...

La extinción de incendios forestales implica la exposición al flujo de calor procedente de las llamas y a altas temperaturas ambientales. Estos factores incrementan el riego de sufrir quemaduras, por lo que el Equipo de Protección Individual (EPI) resulta de uso obligatorio para proteger al personal especialista en extinción de incendios forestales...

Aerobic fitness is a decisive performance factor in soccer players. Previous studies have correlated the distance travelled in an intervallic test (Yo-Yo IR test) with the distance covered in competition, demonstrating that a high aerobic capacity contributes to better recovery in high intensity intermittent exercises typical of training and soccer...

The objectives of the present study are to analyze the factorial structure of Wagnild and Young’s Resilience Scale (1993) and describe the levels of resilience in a Spanish sample of mountain runners. In order to do that, a sample of 400 athletes aged between 20 and 60 (M = 38.70) was used. A cross validation was carried out, creating two subsample...

Este estudio piloto busca evaluar la validez de las mediciones de los indicadores de calidad del sueño en la Fitbit Flex® en su modo Normal (FF), un dispositivo comercial que permite la medición la actividad diaria y el sueño en el día a día, comparándolos registros con los del Actigraph GR3X®, (considerado el Gold Standard en la evaluación de la c...

Objectives: the cardiorespiratory fitness and the intensity of effort were analyzed during the recreational practice of slalom water skiing. Methodology: three moderately active water skiers with paraplegia participated. They performed an incremental test on an arm ergometer to determine their VO2peak and ventilatory thresholds and completed 3 sess...

Recreational and competitive slalom waterskiing is popular among those with spinal cord injuries. People with paraplegia can practice on the slalom course using a sit-ski. A slalom run consists of a boat towing the sit-skier through a set of buoys and normally begins with a deep-water start. Despite its popularity, very little is known about the ph...

INTRODUCCIÓN: Durante la extinción de incendios forestales (IIFF) la naturaleza impredecible de los mismos crea un ambiente peligroso y físicamente desafiante al Personal Especialista en Extinción de Incendios Forestales (PEEIF). Es por ello que es de especial interés el conocimiento de valores relativos a la capacidad aeróbica (VO2max), parámetro...

Wildland firefighters work under adverse environments (e.g., heat and fire exposure), which contribute to increasing the heat strain. Despite this there is a paucity of knowledge about the thermal environment in real wildfire suppression scenarios. Therefore, the main purpose of this study was to characterize the environmental thermal exposure and...

Resumen En el esquí náutico, las personas que experimentan paraplejía adoptan una posición sentada, y la fuerza de prensión manual (FPM) les permite agarrar el palonier y ejecutar las pasadas en la disciplina de slalom. Este estu-dio evaluó los efectos inmediatos en la FPM máxima tras la práctica de esquí náutico adaptado, aspecto aún des-conocido....

In water skiing, people who experience paraplegia ski in a sitting position, and they rely on hand grip strength (HGS) to grab the tow rope handle and run slalom passes. This study evaluated the immediate effects on maximum HGS after the practice of disabled water skiing, a still unknown aspect. In the dominant hand, maximum HGS was measured by han...

Activities performed by wildland firefighters are carried out wearing a personal protective equipment (PPE). Although the PPE protects workers from a wide variety of hazards, it may increase their physiological response and limit their performance. The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of the protective clothing (PPC) and the rest of the...

To better understand the detraining effects in soccer, the purpose of the study was to analyse if performance level of soccer players modulate repeated-sprint ability (RSA) and intermittent endurance changes during 2-weeks of detraining (i.e., in-season break). Seventeen professional and sixteen young elite soccer players of two different teams per...

The aim of this study was to analyze the exercise intensity and competition load (PL) based on heart rate (HR) during different mountain running races. Seven mountain runners participated in this study. They competed in vertical (VR), 10-25 km, 25-45 km and >45 km races. The HR response was measured during the races to calculate the exercise intens...

Wildfire firefighting is an extremely demanding occupation performed under hot environment. The use of personal protective clothing (PPC) is needed to protect subjects from the thermal exposure. However, the additional use of PPC may increase the wildland firefighters' physiological strain, and consequently limit their performance. The aim of this...

To investigate the relationship between repeated sprint ability (RSA) and several aerobic and anaerobic-related soccer-performance indicators, 45 youth soccer players (age 16.8±0.1 y) were classified into “high” (HAF) or “low” (LAF) aerobic fitness (VO2max  or <60 mL∙kg-1∙min-1, respectively) and completed a RSA test measuring best (RSAbest), mean...

Purpose: The primary purpose was to investigate whether the RPE template can be manipulated by changing the race distance during the course of a time trial. The secondary purpose was to study how athletes cope with this manipulation, especially in terms of the RPE template. Methods: Trained male subjects (N=10) performed three cycling time trial...

Training monitoring is about keeping track of what athletes accomplish in training, for the purpose of improving the interaction between coach and athlete. Over history there have been several basic schemes of training monitoring. In the earliest days training monitoring was about observing the athlete during standard workouts. However, difficulty...

Training monitoring is about keeping track of what athletes accomplish in training, for the purpose of improving the interaction between coach and athlete. Over history there have been several basic schemes of training monitoring. In the earliest days training monitoring was about observing the athlete during standard workouts. However, difficulty...

Numerous studies have analyzed during competitive season different conditioning programs to improve soccer players' repeat sprint ability (RSA). However, few studies have focused on analysing what happens with this ability after small-sided games (SSG)-based training. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine the changes in physical performance...

The main purpose of this study was to assess the acute effects of small changes in crank length (assumable by competitive cyclists) on metabolic cost and pedalling technique during submaximal cycling. Twelve amateur road cyclists performed three sets of submaximal pedalling (150, 200 and 250 W) at a constant cadence (91.3 ± 0.8 rpm) in a randomised...

Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine the reliability and validity of several submaximal variables that can be easily obtained by monitoring cyclists' performance. Methods: Eighteen professional cyclists participated in this study. In a first part (n=15) the test-retest reliability of HR and RPE during a progressive maximal test was me...

The aims of this study were to establish and validate various predictive equations of half-marathon performance. Seventy-eight half-marathon male runners participated in two different phases. Phase 1 (n = 48) was used to establish the equations for estimating half-marathon performance, and Phase 2 (n = 30) to validate these equations. Apart from ha...

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze the concurrent and construct validity of a volleyball intermittent endurance test (VIET). Moreover, its test-retest reliability and sensitivity to assess seasonal changes was also studied. Methods: During the pre-season, seventy one volleyball players of different competitive levels took part in...

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to analyze professional cyclists' performance decline after, and the exercise demands during, a Grand Tour. METHOD: Seven professional cyclists performed two incremental exercise tests, 1-week before and the day after the Vuelta España. During the race the exercise demands were analyzed on the basis of the HR. Thr...

Scientific discovery is about a search for the Truth, for the consistent and predictable in how the universe works. Using a particular method of inquiry, the scientific method, and with acknowledgement of the inherently self-correcting nature of science, scientific inquiry moves forward incrementally to ever closer approximations of the Truth. This...

Despite some advances, how the millions of variations in the human genome influence athletic performance (especially in endurance events) remains largely unknown, and no single genetic test can really predict sports talent. However, there is experimental evidence coming from animal research that selecting for even a simple characteristic like runni...

The physical demands of South American elite soccer player in a pre competitive microcycle were examined using a GPS (1Hz.), in small-sided games (SGs) and friendly matches (FMs). In SGs the total distance covered and average speed are higher in game 1(possession the ball without arc) than in game 2. (small arc without goalkeeper)(~7-8%) and G2>G3...

The purpose of this study was to compare the pedalling technique in road cyclists of different competitive levels. Eleven professional, thirteen elite and fourteen club cyclists were assessed at the beginning of their competition season. Cyclists’ anthropometric characteristics and bike measurements were recorded. Three sets of pedalling (200, 250...

p>En los últimos años son numerosos los trabajos de investigación que han aplicado el análisis notacional al estudio del comportamiento técnico-táctico de los deportistas en contextos naturales de competición. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue describir el tipo de acciones realizadas en función del rol de juego desempeñado por jugadoras de volei...

AIM: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of 7 weeks of static hamstring stretching on flexibility and sprint performance in young soccer players. METHODS: One hundred and three healthy soccer players voluntarily participated in this study. Subjects were assigned to a control group (n=22, 16.5±0.7 years, 174.0±5.4 cm and 68.0±6.8 kg)...

El equilibrio del cuerpo humano es especialmente inestable, porque el centro de gravedad se encuentra por encima de la base de sustentación en la mayoría de las actividades de locomoción (bipedestación, marcha, etc.). Existe un gran interés socio-económico en conocer los factores que afectan a la estabilidad del equilibrio, cómo evaluarlos y cómo m...

RESUMEN En el presente capítulo se revisan los conceptos de trabajo, potencia y energía, ofreciendo al lector una visión básica apoyada en ejemplos prácticos que facilitan la comprensión del tema. Cuando los músculos son capaces de ejercer una fuerza que se desplaza cierta distancia están generando un tra-bajo. El trabajo realizado se puede conside...

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the concurrent and construct validity of the Borg (0-10) and children's OMNI scales for quantifying the exercise intensity and training load (TL) in youth soccer players. Methods: Twelve children (mean ± SD age 11.4 ± 0.5 y, height 154.3 ± 6.5 cm, body mass 39.5 ± 5.4 kg) took part in this study....

Background: To the best of our knowledge, only four experimental studies analysed the influence of the crank length in the efficiency of energy consumption. No significant differences were found on metabolic cost while pedalling with crank lengths between 145 and 200 mm. None of these studies took into account changes in pedalling technique (kineti...

The main aim of this study was to compare the training load executed by volleyball players with that observed by coaches. Secondly, we analyzed the influence of the coaches' experience in the estimated training load. Twelve female volleyball players and four male coaches participated in this study. During a period of 15 weeks, physical (PT) and tec...

The purpose of this study was to analyse the validity, reliability and sensitivity of velodrome tests to detect small changes in aerodynamic drag in cycling. 12 professional cyclists were assessed to obtain the drag area (SCx) during wind tunnel and velodrome tests. Incremental and steady-state protocols were performed in the velodrome with a porta...

PURPOSE: To analyze the influence of foot strike pattern on running economy and biomechanical characteristics in sub-elite runners with a similar performance level. METHODS: Twenty sub-elite long-distance runners participated and were divided into two groups according to their foot strike pattern: rearfoot (RF, n= 10) and midfoot strikers (MF, n= 1...

Resumen El objetivo es analizar la influencia de los factores antropométricos, fisiológicos y biomecánicos en el rendimiento de carreras de fondo. Participaron 48 corredores clasificados en 4 niveles según rendimiento en media maratón (). Realizaron una valoración antropométrica, prueba submáxima de economía de carrera y prueba máxima de VO2max. Es...

Resumen El principal objetivo de este estudio es analizar el efecto de pequeños cambios en la longitud de la biela en el gasto energético y la técnica de pedaleo submáximo. Participaron 12 ciclistas de fondo en carretera bien entrenados, que realizaron pruebas de pedaleo a tres potencias con cadencia estable, utilizando tres longitudes de biela (en...

Background/aims: The prevalence of overweight and obesity in childhood is increasing markedly. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between physical activity, energy consumption and weight status in a cohort of Spanish children. Methods: A total of 137 children (11-13 years old) participated in the study voluntarily (with pater...

The aim of this study was to extend the range of populations where the Talk Test (TT) might be used as a marker of physiologic thresholds. Eighteen highly-trained cyclists underwent two incremental tests. One test included measurement of respiratory gas exchange to determinate the ventilatory (VT) and respiratory compensation (RCT) thresholds. On a...

ABSTRACT: The purpose of this study was to validate a new method to measure contact and flight times during treadmill running, and to test its reliability and sensitivity. Fifteen well-trained runners performed seven sets of running at different speeds (from 10 to 22 km·h). Contact and flight times were simultaneously recorded by a high-speed video...

Aim. The aim of this study was to compare the exercise intensity and competition load during Time Trial (TT), Flat (FL), Medium Mountain (MM) and High Mountain (HM) stages based heart rate (HR) and session rating of perceived exertion (RPE). Methods. We monitored both HR and RPE of 12 professional cyclists during two consecutive 21-day cycling rac...

The purposes of this study were to analyze the validity and reliability of 2 photocell mats, and to probe the possible influence of the type of mat (contact vs. photocell) on vertical jump height estimated from flight time. In 2 separate studies 89 and 92 physical students performed 3 countermovement jumps which were simultaneously registered by a...

Music is widely used as an ergogenic aid in sport, but there is little evidence of its effectiveness during closed-loop athletic events. In order to determine the effectiveness of music as an ergogenic aid, well-trained and task-habituated cyclists performed 10-km cycle time trials either while listening to self-selected motivational music or with...

The purpose was to analyze the influence of the timing gates’ technology on both running time performance and its reliability during short sprint distances. Twenty-five physical students participated (20.5±0.5 yr; 1.78±0.02 m; 77.5±1.8 kg), whose were evaluated during 3 separate days (2 familiarization sessions and 1 testing session). Three standin...

Introduction: Obesity, defined as an excess of total body fat, is a matter of concern all over the world, and its prevalence is still increasing among elderly people. Objectives: To examine whether sedentary behaviour (hours sitting per day) is associated with higher risk of central obesity, overweight-obesity and overfat in a representative sam...

From its initial inception in 1903 as a race premised on a publicity stunt to sell newspapers, the Tour de France had grown and evolved over time to become one of the most difficult and heralded sporting events in the world. Though sporting science and the Tour paralleled each other, it was not until the midlate 1980s, and especially the midlate 19...

The elderly EXERNET multi-centre study aims to collect normative anthropometric data for old functionally independent adults living in Spain. To describe the standardization process and reliability of the anthropometric measurements carried out in the pilot study and during the final workshop, examining both intra- and inter-rater errors for measur...