John Davies

BT · Research

This conclusion presents some closing thoughts on the concepts covered in the preceding chapters of this book. The book discusses the centrality of data at the foundation of Internet of Things (IoT) ecosystems. IoT initiatives involve solutions that rely on sensor deployments and associated datasets. With the ever‐increasing number of IoT deploymen...

Provides comprehensive coverage of the current state of IoT, focusing on data processing infrastructure and techniques Written by experts in the field, this book addresses the IoT technology stack, from connectivity through data platforms to end-user case studies, and considers the tradeoffs between business needs and data security and privacy thr...

This chapter describes the basic concepts of Blockchain technology and discusses some challenges around technology adoption. It focuses on how the internet of things (IoT) can leverage this technology and how it has been already applied to sectors such as insurance, the pharmaceutical industry, and the energy vertical. Distributed Ledger Technology...

Provides a comprehensive overview of the Internet of Things technology stack with focus on data driven aspects from data modelling and processing to presentation for decision making; Explains how IoT technology is applied in practice and the benefits being delivered; Acquaints readers that are new to the area with concepts, components, technologies...

Improving a city’s infrastructure is seen as a crucial part of its sustainability, leading to efficiencies and opportunities driven by technology integration. One significant step is to support the integration and enrichment of a broad variety of data, often using state of the art linked data approaches. Among the many advantages of such enrichment...

SPARQL optimisation at scale

As part of the CityVerve project, a pilot was undertaken with aim to generate a source of data and insights that will help the city of Manchester make data-driven decisions on cycle planning and infrastructure provision that would help encourage more people to cycle. It provided a way to generate never-before-seen data from cyclists at scale across...

To deliver the full benefit of Smart City and Internet of Things (IoT) technologies, growing fragmentation needs to be addressed. In this paper, we explore the integration of two open-standard large-scale operational platforms in the UK: CityVerve, a Hypercat-based Smart City deployment; and oneTRANSPORT, a oneM2M-based open marketplace for transpo...

With the convergence of information and telecommunication technologies, the vision of the Smart City is fast becoming a reality. City governments in a growing number of countries are capitalizing on these advances to enhance the lives of their citizens and to increase efficiency and sustainability. In this paper, we elaborate on smartCityRA, a refe...

Smart communities are composed of groups, organizations, and individuals who share information and make use of that shared information for better decision making. Shared information can come from many sources, particularly, but not exclusively, from sensors and social media. Social media has become an important source of near-instantaneous user-gen...

In this paper, we look at the various players in the Internet of Things (IoT) and explain the critical role of an information broker in an open ecosystem. We look at the challenge of data interoperability in the IoT context and describe the Hypercat standard; a specification for representing and exposing Internet of Things data catalogues to improv...

An increasing amount of information is generated from the rapidly increasing number of sensor networks and smart devices. A wide variety of sources generate and publish information in different formats, thus highlighting interoperability as one of the key prerequisites for the success of Internet of Things (IoT). The BT Hypercat Data Hub provides a...

An increasing amount of information is generated from the rapidly increasing number of sensor networks and smart devices. A wide variety of sources generate and publish information in different formats, thus highlighting interoperability as one of the key prerequisites for the success of Internet of Things (IoT). The BT Hypercat Data Hub provides a...

The rapid growth of sensor networks and smart devices has led to the generation of an increasing amount of information. Such information typically originates from various sources and is published in different formats. One of the key prerequisites for the Internet of Things (IoT) is interoperability. The Hypercat specification defines a lightweight...

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This paper is co-authored by an informal group of experts from a broad range of backgrounds all of whom are active in standards groups, consortia and/or alliances in the Internet of Things (IoT) space. The ambition is to create mindshare on approaches to semantic interoperability and to actively encourage consensus building on what the co-authors r...

How can we innovate smart systems for smart cities, to make data available homogeneously, inexpensively, and flexibly while supporting an array of applications that have yet to exist or be specified?

Just what constitutes an Internet of Things (IOT) ecosystem and how does it work in practice? Mike Fisher and John Davies examine some of the practical issues associated with creating an IoT ecosystem, using the city of Milton Keynes as their example.

The Internet of Things (IoT) is the next stage of Internet evolution, enabling objects to sense, communicate, network and produce new information. Early applications are already being used in Transport, Smart Cities, Retail, Logistics, Home Automation and Industrial Control among others. It's not surprising, then, that loT is starting to attract se...

The present invention provides a method of operating a network comprising the steps of: analyzing a first datastore comprising data representing historical network performance; creating or more indices within the first datastore; creating one or more probability networks in accordance with one or more of the created indices; determining from the on...

The Web has an enormous influence on our everyday life. Thus, more efficient intelligent approaches and technologies are needed to realize the Web's full potential. Intelligence can be achieved by making the Web aware of the semantics of its own structures and content and by applying intelligent techniques to effectively access web resources. The S...

The new world of big data, of the LOD cloud, of the app economy, and of social media means that organisations no longer own, much less control, all the data they need to make the best informed business decisions. In this paper, we describe how we built a system using Linked Data principles to bring in data from Web 2.0 sites (LinkedIn, Salesforce),...

This article presents a novel definition of a declarative mapping language, which is able to map precisely and unambiguously the semantics of a domain conceptualization (defined as an ontology) into queries to a set of data sources, where the data is residing. In this way, a system making use of this mapping language is able to access the data actu...

We highlight one of several available transformational paths for traditional telecom operators to respond to challenges of declining revenues in their traditional business. The new opportunities appear in the so-called ‘Telco 2.0’ world system, using advanced service technology to provide access to the Telco’s infrastructure in a two-sided business...

This chapter describes one of the three case studies designed to evaluate and exploit novel information management technology from the ACTIVE project. The applications are designed to support professionals working in telecommunications to respond to customer requirements, for example to create customer proposals. The quality and timeliness of those...

Prof. Rudi Studer has been technical director of a number of significant EU collaborative projects researching the application of semantic technology to Knowledge Management. In this chapter, drawing largely on work done in these projects, we provide an overview of the knowledge management problems and opportunities faced by large organisations; an...

This chapter provides an overview of the knowledge management (KM) problems, and opportunities, faced by large organizations, and indeed also shared by some smaller organizations. The chapter shows how semantic technologies can make a contribution. It looks at the key application areas: finding and organizing information; sharing knowledge; support...

Knowledge and information are among the biggest assets of enterprises and organizations. However, efficiently managing, maintaining, accessing, and reusing this intangible treasure is difficult. Information overload makes it difficult to focus on the information that really matters; the fact that much corporate knowledge only resides in employees’...

Evolution in the telecommunications sector has led to companies within it providing APIs for their products and services, allowing others to build communication services into their own service offerings. In order to support mass adoption of this new approach, consumers of these APIs (many of which are RESTful) must be supported by a reduction in th...

Knowledge workers are central to an organization's success, yet their information management tools often hamper their productivity. This has major implications for businesses across the globe because their commercial advantage relies on the optimal exploitation of their own enterprise information, the huge volumes of online information, and the pro...

In this chapter, we discuss the notion of lightweight ontologies. First defining what we mean by ontology in our sense, we proceed to relate ontology to other related knowledge organisation structures, formal and less formal. We then consider the notion of lightweight ontology, principally based on the expressivity of the ontology description, rath...

The ACTIVE consortium, state-of- the-art technology is being used to address three issues facing knowledge workers by means of effective knowledge sharing, context-based information delivery, and sharing and reuse of knowledge processes. The case study of the trialists within BT Business has confirmed that these are also real problems for this comm...

This book is an essential reference to cutting-edge issues and future directions in information retrieval. Information retrieval (IR) can be defined as the process of representing, managing, searching, retrieving, and presenting information. Good IR involves understanding information needs and interests, developing an effective search technique, sy...

SOA4All, a collaborative European research and development project, is pioneering advanced web technology that will allow billions of parties to expose and consume IT services online. Four complementary technical advances are being integrated to create a coherent and domain-independent service delivery platform. Service-oriented architectures and s...

Despite its explosive growth over the last decade, the Web remains essentially a tool to allow humans to access information. Semantic Web technologies like RDF, OWL and other W3C standards aim to extend the Web’s capability through increased availability of machine-processable information. Davies, Grobelnik and Mladenic have grouped contributions...

Despite its explosive growth over the last decade, the Web remains essentially a tool to allow humans to access information. Semantic Web technologies like RDF, OWL and other W3C standards aim to extend the Web's capability through increased availability of machine-processable information. Davies, Grobelnik and Mladenic have grouped contributions f...

Wikis are web-based systems for the simple and collaborative management of online content, the best-known example being the free encyclopaedia Wikipedia. However, the open nature of a wiki, along with potentially changing and heterogeneous authorship, and sometimes chaotic or non-existent editorial control can also become a challenge for readers wh...

The development and operation of semantic applications often involves a number of different technologies such as reasoning, text mining and ontology learning. Infrastructures supporting knowledge engineers and users need to provide the requested capabilities in an integrated but flexible way. Also required are basic functionalities such as the stor...

Forrester (Moore 2007) estimate that more than 80% of all corporate information is unstructured. Knowledge workers are increasingly overwhelmed by information from a bewildering array of information sources: emails, intranets, the web, etc. and yet still find it hard to access the specific information required for the task at hand. This implies tha...

Despite its explosive growth over the last decade, the Web remains essentially a tool to allow humans to access information. The Semantic Web will extend the web's capability through the increased availability of machine-processable information. Currently, Web-based information is based primarily on documents written in HTML, a language useful for...

SOA4All, a collaborative European research and development project, is pioneering advanced web technology that will allow billions of parties to expose and consume IT services online. Four complementary technical advances are being integrated to create a coherent and domain-independent service delivery platform. Service-oriented architectures and s...

IntroductionDo Social Networks Matter?Knowledge Management ApplicationsFuture Research and TrendsReferences

The semantic Web has been enjoying significant investment, mostly through research but to a lesser extent through start-ups and commercial projects. The World Wide Web Consortium maintains a Web page for its Semantic Web Education and Outreach interest Group. Semantic Web technology aims to address the shortcomings of the HTML based Web, using desc...

The Semantic Web promises to make Web-accessible data more amenable to machine processing. This special issue presents several proposals for the Semantic Web's strategic role in supporting more effective knowledge management at several levels.

Search is seen as a key application that can benefit from semantic technology with improvements to recall and precision over conventional Information Retrieval techniques. This paper describes Squirrel, a search and browse tool that provides access to semantically annotated data. Squirrel provides combined keyword based and semantic searching. The...

This paper details the design, implementation and evaluation of an ontology-based knowledge sharing tool. The system, “Squidz”, automatically classifies browsed web pages against an ontology, and allows users to share comments made about those pages to members of a community. As the user browses web pages, recommendations of relevant documents whic...

Web users are improving their experience of the net by combining services and content from several sites to increase convenience.

Information is central to the way organisations work — and with the increasing quantity which organisations must manage, the risks from failure to optimally manage information become ever more significant. The typical organisation uses a wide range of heterogeneous information sources, with differing schemata. This means that information cannot eas...

IntroductionKnowledge Access and the Semantic WEBNatural Language Generation from OntologiesDevice Independence: Information AnywhereSEKTAgentConcluding RemarksReferences

Management of Networked OntologiesEngineering of Networked OntologiesContextualizing OntologiesCross Media ResourcesSocial Semantic DesktopApplications

The Semantic Web combines the descriptive languages RDF (Resource Description Framework) and OWL (Web Ontology Language), with the data-centric, customizable XML (eXtensible Mark-up Language) to provide descriptions of the content of Web documents. These machine-interpretable descriptions allow more intelligent software systems to be written, autom...

One of the key aims of the SEKT project is to develop and exploit the semantic technologies that will underlie the next generation of knowledge management systems. A key element of the project is to evaluate and assess the impact of semantic web technology in case study settings. The overall aim of the case study, described here, is to investigate...

Purpose The paper shows how access to knowledge can be enhanced by using a set of innovative approaches and technologies based upon the Semantic Web. Approach Emerging trends in knowledge access are considered followed by a description of how ontologies and semantics can contribute. A set of tools are then presented which are based upon Semantic We...

Despite its explosive growth over the last decade, the Web remains essentially a tool to allow humans to access information. This article discusses the next generation of the Web, dubbed the 'Semantic Web', which will extend the Web's capability through the increased availability of machine-processable information. These machine-processable descrip...

Despite its explosive growth over the last decade, the Web remains essentially a tool to allow humans to access information. The next generation of the Web, dubbed the ‘Semantic Web’, will extend the Web’s capability through the increased availability machine-processable information. These machine-processable descriptions of Web information resourc...

Service-oriented architectures (SOAs) aim to improve the ability of organisations to quickly create and reconfigure IT systems to support new and rapidly changing customer services. The key idea is to move away from monolithic systems, towards systems which are designed as a number of interoperable components, for enhanced flexibility and reuse. Th...

This paper describes research to enable appropriate knowledge to be automatically delivered to the right people at the right time at the right level of detail via a range of user devices (laptop PC, mobile telephone, wireless e-mail client, hand-held PC, etc). We describe a framework that integrates device profiles with user preference profiles and...

Purpose The aim of this paper is to introduce the special issue on the Semantic Web. Intensive research has been undertaken worldwide in research centres and several achievements have been accomplished towards the ultimate objective: the expression and the exploitation of humanity's collective knowledge. Design/methodology/approach A multi‐fold st...

This paper presents the results of the interoperability experiment proposed in EON2003 using the following ontology tools: Protg-2000 and WebODE. We will show which knowledge is preserved and which knowledge is lost in the import/export processes between tools when using RDF(S) as an intermediate language . 1

This paper describes an application of semantic Web services for the telecommunications industry. It shows how services components forming part of a service orientated architecture can be described semantically in terms of commonly understood data and process ontologies

In current Semantic Web research program the linguistic technologies, dealing with purely NLP matters, and the ontological research, dealing with entirely applied problems are not well coupled. The research reported here tries to fill this gap, bridging NLP and ontological development through system integration of linguistic and ontological layer....

An information-seeking system is described which combines traditional keyword querying of WWW resources with the ability to browse and query against RDF annotations of those resources. RDF(S) and RDF are used to specify and populate an ontology and the resultant RDF annotations are then indexed along with the full text of the annotated resources. T...

An ontology-based knowledge sharing system OntoShare and its evaluation as part of a case study is described. RDF(S) is are used to specify and populate an ontology, based on information shared between users in virtual communities. We begin by discussing the advantages that use of Semantic Web technology afford in the area of knowledge management t...

A Service Orientated Architecture will allow organisations to enhance interoperability and encourage reuse of components and interfaces. In this paper, the application of semantic descriptions to services is advocated with the aim of further improving the SOA and enabling scalability. An application of Semantic Web Services for the Telecommunicatio...

Much of the Web's success can be attributed to its simplicity. It offers a straightforward means by which static information could be published and interconnected on a global basis. The Web Services initiative effectively adds computational objects to the static information of yesterday's Web and as such offers a distributed services capability ove...

An ontology-based knowledge sharing system OntoShare and its evaluation as part of a case study is described. RDF(S) is are used to specify and populate an ontology, based on information shared between users in virtual communities. We begin by discussing the advantages that use of Semantic Web technology afford in the area of knowledge management t...

IntroductionSharing and Retrieving Knowledge in OntoShareCreating Evolving OntologiesExpertise Location and Tacit KnowledgeSociotechnical IssuesEvaluation and Further WorkConcluding Remarks

From the Publisher:"Towards the Semantic Web focuses on the application of Semantic Web technology and ontologies in particular to electronically available information to improve the quality of knowledge management in large and distributed organizations. Covering the key technologies for the next generation of the WWW, this book is a mixture of the...

IntroductionOntological IndexingOntological SearchingAlternative Data ModelsFurther WorkConcluding Remarks

IntroductionA Vision of Modern Knowledge ManagementA Vision of Ontologies: Dynamic Networks of MeaningPeer-2-Peer, Ontologies and KnowledgeConclusions

An ontology-based knowledge sharing system OntoShare and its evaluation as part of a case study is described. RDF(S) is are used to specify and populate an ontology, based on information shared between users in virtual communities. We begin by discussing the advantages that use of Semantic Web technology afford in the area of knowledge management t...

This paper describes an experimental, adaptive community-based system, the Forum, designed to facilitate communication where there are mutual concerns or interests among virtual communities within or across organizations. Our description of the Forum is presented from the perspective of user-centered interaction design. The system consists of a WWW...

On-To-Knowledge builds an ontology-based tool environment to improve know­ledge management, dealing with large numbers of heterogeneous, distributed, and semistructured documents typically found in large company intranets and the World-Wide Web. The project’s target results are: (i) a toolset for semantic information processing and user access; (ii...

With the current changes driven by the expansion of the World Wide Web, this book uses a different approach from other books on the market: it applies ontologies to electronically available information to improve the quality of knowledge management in large and distributed organizations. Ontologies are formal theories supporting knowledge sharing a...

daviesn2/ An ontology-based knowledge sharing system OntoShare is described. RDF(S) and RDF are used to specify and populate an ontology, based on information shared between users in virtual communities. We begin by discussing the advantages that use of Semantic Web technology afford in the area of knowledge management tools. The way in which OntoS...

On-To-Knowledge, the European EU-IST project No. 10132, builds an ontology-based tool environment to speed up knowledge management, dealing with the large numbers of heterogeneous, distributed, and semi-structured documents typically found in large company intranets and the World-Wide Web. Results aimed for by the project are: (1) a toolset for sem...

The literature on knowledge management highlights issues of fit between IT-based systems for knowledge management and the socially situated leveraging of knowledge assets by organisations [1]. This paper explores the way in which a knowledge-sharing environment (KSE) can facilitate knowledge capture and utilization in virtual communities. The KSE (...

The importance of knowledge sharing and reuse in knowledge management in order to share best practice and prevent duplication of effort has led to much interest in the concept of communities of practice. Trends towards flexible working and globalisation have led to interest in the use of technology to support geographically dispersed communities. I...

This paper describes the application of Internet-based three-dimensional (3-D) user interfaces, comparing them with more traditional two-dimensional (2-D) interfaces. The modelling of 3-D worlds in the Virtual Reality Modelling Language (VRML) is described, together with an overview of VRML and its likely future direction. Multi-user shared environ...

Until comparatively recently, the value of a company was felt to be determined mainly by the value of its tangible assets. In recent years, however, it has been increasingly recognised that in the post-industrial era, an organisation's success is more dependent on its intellectual assets than on the value of its physical resources. This increasing...

We describe a unique type of knowledge management system, virtual reality-enabled multi-user virtual environments with spatialised semantic structures. They are designed to enable users to exploit emerging knowledge structures shared among a group of people and engage in social interaction with concurrent users in the virtual world. The design prin...