Jean-François Parrot

Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México | UNAM · Institute of Geography

Landslide susceptibility per landform unit and its potential contribution of material was calculated for a 105 km2 watershed on the south flank of Pico de Orizaba volcano, Mexico. More than six hundred landslides were mapped and grouped into landform units. Fifteen landform units were derived from fieldwork, aerial photo interpretation, land use, a...

Digital Terrain Models (DTMs) are among the most important spatial information tools used in geomorphological landslide assessment because they allow the extraction of crucial attributes, such as landslide geometry, slope, terrain curvature, etc. However, at a local scale, the assessment of remote volcanic terrains is difficult because the DTMs hav...

Automatic drainage network characterization provides basic information on lithology. Thus, a new Tortuosity and Confluence Organization (TACO) index, based on the notion of confluence density coupled with the calculation of tortuosity, is proposed. This index can be used to compare thinned riverbeds as they appear on topographic maps or when extrac...

The irregularities of the earth’s surface are quantified by means of roughness measurements using Digital Elevation Models (DEM’s). This article presents a roughness measurement method that is based on the calculation of the difference of altitude existing between a plane passing through the centre of a moving window and the altitude of the DEM sur...

A three-dimensional interpolation method based on a digital elevation model (DEM) was developed to assess the impact of mining and metallurgical activity on the Claro River (Hidalgo, Mexico). This method was used to analyze the spatial concentration of manganese in sediments, water, and fish (viscera and muscle). Input data correspond to chemical m...

We model the relationship between surface area and volume of landslides caused by rain, together with a geomorphologic analysis of 15 landforms to characterize slope instability. The use of this method allows a better understanding of the landslide susceptibility along homogeneous units. The analysis is supported by Geographic Information Systems (...

Independientemente de criterios socioeconómicos, la determinación del valor ambiental deun espacio, los servicios ecosistémicos del ambiente y la belleza escénica del relieverequieren la caracterización y cuantificación previa de los atributos de la superficie terrestre.El uso de Modelos Digitales de Superficie y Terrestre generados a partir de dat...

La industria petrolera es de gran importancia para el desarrollo económico de México, no sólo por su valor estratégico para la economía nacional, sino también por la producción de bienes e insumos indispensables para garantizar la movilidad y permitir el desenvolvimiento adecuado de la sociedad. Sin embargo, sus actividades son también una fuente n...

Research on vegetation changes during the period from 1973 to 2016 using NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) values within 128-255 and 155-255 for more active vegetation, shows differences which can be explained in the way of historical region processes. Because of the relation of ixil agriculture and forest, war and return of ixil popula...

From their beginnings some 4,000 years ago to their decadence around 400 b.c. , the Olmec people achieved a high level of sociopolitical complexity and dominated their native geographic territory, the southern Gulf Coast of Mexico. The first Olmec capital of San Lorenzo, Veracruz, was the only site in Mesoamerica that produced imposing monumental s...

Las consecuencias del aumento en frecuencia e intensidad de fuertes lluvias en regiones como Latinoamérica son cada vez más catastróficas. Por esta razón, los efectos locales de las inundaciones tienen que ser estudiados y evaluados, entre otros, en las zonas urbanas donde se concentra cada vez más la población. Por otro lado, el desarrollo e incre...

In this note we present the Prime Number Paradigm: “Nature encodes its laws with the aid of prime numbers.” We claim that prime number skeletons of data-sets contain the basic structures represented them. This paradigm is illustrated by a variety of data: from astrophysics to geophysics (including petroleum data), and reading comprehension. We rema...

El desarrollo de megaproyectos productivos trae consigo oportunidades para el crecimiento económico, la generación de empleos y el desarrollo regional. No obstante, en la actualidad, los grandes temas como la expansión urbana, el desarrollo industrial, las cementeras, la minería, el uso intensivo del agua y demás recursos naturales, preocupan a las...

p>Los datos LiDAR permiten generar Modelos Digitales de Elevación (MDE) de alta resolución, sin embargo, algunos artefactos resultantes del método de interpolación utilizado afectan su exactitud y precisión. Esta observación concierne, entre otros, a los MDE generados por el Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía (INEGI), especialmente los M...

Las observaciones de mujeres indígenas con herramientas de percepción remota nos dan cuenta de un conocimiento profundo de los lugares de riesgo que normalmente no es tomado en cuenta por los sistemas de prevención de desastres. Mediante el procesamiento de imágenes satelitales y de los trabajos elaborados en talleres de percepción remota con mujer...

This research provides a wave flood simulation using a high resolution LiDAR Digital Terrain Model. The simulation is based on the generation of waves of different amplitudes that modify the river level in such a way that water invades the adjacent areas. The proposed algorithm firstly reconstitutes the original river surface of the studied river s...

This research provides a wave flood simulation using a high resolution LiDAR Digital Terrain Model. The simulation is based on the generation of waves of different amplitudes that modify the river level in such a way that water invades the adjacent areas. The proposed algorithm firstly reconstitutes the original river surface of the studied river s...

Vector data can be used to generate Digital Elevation Models (DEMs), but in the case of fluvial and coastal plains, according to topographical constrains, the interpolation requires other types of intervention to achieve a result of quality. For Mexico, neither data base check points nor LiDAR Digital Terrain Models (DTMs) are available for such ar...

In the flood simulation method presented here, different approaches reconstitute at a regional scale flooded areas according to the displaced volume. The developed algorithm creates a flood surface whose slope is calculated according to field observations. The surface thus obtained is superposed on a DEM in order to define the extension of the subm...

As for its first version, FROG_V2 is software that calculates the fractal dimension of objects using various treatments, from raw images or bmp formats. One of the first functions extracts an object according to its gray tone values in order to characterize its shape by means of a linear processing, counting boxes Brownian movement, etc.. This ext...

The software Indices_v2 calculates various indices, namely the Tasseled Cap Transformation Brightness Index, the Brightness Index and the Soil Brightness Index for the study of soils, Difference Vegetation Index, or the Simple Ratio Ratio Vegetation Index, the Normalized Difference Vegetation index, the Soil Adjusted vegetation Index and the Normal...

The software Density_v2 calculates the density of an item that can be directly extracted from an image of raw or bmp format. This calculation is performed using a sliding window of variable size, and takes into account in this window the pixel component that corresponds to the item when a central pixel is encountered. Various palettes can be used w...

Multidim_V2 is software partly based in part on the Ms-Dos program Multidim_Clas developed in C++ by J.-F. Parrot in 2003. This software (MultiDim_V2) allows the analysis of the spectral responses of different bands (10 maximum) from a previous segmentation (segmentation stricto sensu, equipopulation or ranges defined by the user). The crossing of...

In tropical mountainous regions, heavy rainfalls often induce landslides and mudflows. Mexico is continually subjected to natural hazards. In February 2010 the town of Angangueo in the state of Michoacan was devastated by a huge muddy debris flow. Use of morphological and climatic parameters of the affected areas can be incorporated into a model th...

The Sierra Norte de Puebla (Mexico) is a tropical mountain frequently affected by torrential rains induced by depressions and hurricanes. In October 1999 and 2005, intense precipitation triggered hundreds of landslides and caused heavy human losses and material damages. All the landslides surveyed in the field and their traces extracted from the sa...

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Various indices were proposed to measure the Digital Elevation Model roughness. In this paper, we present a calculation and definition of roughness index called PA3D which is based on the increasing of a bi-dimensional surface when passing to a three-dimensional space. This index was applied to measure the roughness of geological formation surfaces...

Objetivo general fue exponer los elementos físicos, geográficos, bióticos y antrópicos, los cuales ofrecen importantes ventajas competitivas en relación a otras islas del estado de Guerrero. El método fue geográfico. Los resultados fueron: a) sobrecarga de visitantes en vacaciones y b) mejor planeación ambiental de la isla. Conclusión: La óptima pl...

DEMONIO software (Digital Elevation Model Obtained by Numerical Interpolating Operations) creates Digital Terrain Models (DTM) from raster or vector data. Raster data correspond to an image of the contour lines and grayscale vector data are .dxf files. DEMs are obtained with different horizontal resolutions and different hypsometric scales. It is...

Importancia. En La Roqueta, a la fecha existe poca claridad en cuanto a la categoría de manejo óptima para la protección y conservación del paisaje marino y terrestre en la isla más importante del estado de Guerrero. Aunado a que la capacidad de carga se observa rebasada por la afluencia poco planeada del turismo nacional y extranjero de sol y playa...

The Sierra Norte de Puebla (Mexico) is a tropical mountain frequently affected by torrential rains induced by depressions and hurricanes. In October 1999 and 2005, intense precipitation triggered hundreds of landslides and caused heavy human losses and material damages. All the landslides surveyed in the field and their traces extracted from the sa...

In tropical mountainous regions, heavy rainfalls often induce landslides and mudflows. Mexico is continually subjected to natural hazards. In February 2010 the town of Angangueo in the state of Michoacan was devastated by a huge muddy debris flow. Use of morphological and climatic parameters of the affected areas can be incorporated into a model th...

This module allows creating an ASCII file from a raster Digital Elevation Model (DEM) using two or four bytes. The process takes into account the different hypsometric scale (meters, decimeters, centimeters and millimeters) preserve then the specific characteristics of the original file. Generally some commercial software transform en meter the hyp...

Binar_V2 is a useful module which represents the first step of many applications. It is possible to create a binary image by means of an image threshold. This module analyzes in detail the distribution of the gray tone values of the image and defines interactively the extraction threshold. Binar_V2 gives a code to the extracted item or to its peri...

This module extracts a rectangular area from an image or from a Digital Elevation Model (DEM). Two types of images can be used (raster or bitmap). Four types of DEM can be taken into account: two bytes DEM with an extension _m2.raw, four bytes DEM with an extension _m4.raw, DEM with a simple extension. raw (in this case, it is important to specify...

PINS function was developed to ensure a stretching of the dynamic range of gray tones of an image that is not limited to a single normalization between 0 and 255 of the original scale generating spaces between the new positions of the gray tone values. The acronym Pins in French means "To inhibit the Stretching concept" that is to say to stretch in...

The solid-pore distribution pattern plays an important role in soil functioning being related with the main physical, chemical and biological multiscale and multitemporal processes of this complex system. In the present research, we studied the aggregation process as self-organizing and operating near a critical point. The structural pattern is ext...

Quantitative information about the land cover is a fundamental issue for any soil management practice. The use of high-resolution remote sensing for this purpose is still questionable because of some poorly measurable or unknown parameters involved in the interaction between the electromagnetic waves and the soil surface. The recorded heterogeneous...

We present a novel approach to multiscale fractal image analysis for monitoring the dynamics of the soil pore/solid network roughness due to moisture content changes. Roughness of the gray-level probability density function (PDF) of subsequent images of the drying soil was expressed in terms of its Hurst exponent (HPDF), which correlated significan...

The solid-pore distribution pattern plays an important role in soil functioning being related with the main physical, chemical and biological multiscale and multitemporal processes. In the present research, this pattern is extracted from the digital images of three soils ( Chernozem, Solonetz and "Chocolate'' Clay ) and compared in terms of roughne...

Vegetation patches in arid and semiarid areas are important in the regulation of surface hydrological processes. Canopy and ground covers developed in these fertility islands are a natural cushion against the impact energy of rainfall. Also, greater levels of organic matter improve the soil physicochemical properties, promoting infiltration and red...