Javier Guitián

University of Santiago de Compostela | USC · Department of Botany

The modularity and sequential flower production in hermaphroditic plants enable them to modify sex allocation in response to biotic or abiotic environmental variation. To test three predictions derived from the relationship between sexual specialization and compatibility levels, we analyzed the breeding system (self-incompatibility) of Polygonatum...

Background and aims – In self-incompatible species, geitonogamous pollen deposition can result in stigma clogging, with negative effects on cross-fertilisation and subsequently reduced fruit and seed set. In this work, using laboratory and field experiments with pollinators in captivity, we describe the reproductive system of Hyacinthoides non-scri...

Background and aims-In self-incompatible species, geitonogamous pollen deposition can result in stigma clogging, with negative effects on cross-fertilisation and subsequently reduced fruit and seed set. In this work, using laboratory and field experiments with pollinators in captivity, we describe the reproductive system of Hyacinthoides non-script...

El Parque Natural de As Fragas do Eume alberga una de las mejores representaciones del bosque atlántico litoral europeo. En sus nueve mil hectáreas viven en torno a medio millar de especies vasculares entre las que llama la atención la alta diversidad de árboles y helechos. Esta guía trata de acercar a los lectores a esa riqueza a través de trece c...

Chove sobre o río que agarda espido e leva oculto o seu rostro. Pingan as gotas das árbores da ribeira e debuxan febles formas inestables. As follas bailan ao compás mudo dun vento imperceptible. … … … "Inspiración na Ribeira Sacra", José Julio Fernández E n la construcción de los paisajes intervienen un conjunto de elementos diversos. Unos están v...

La Ribeira Sacra es un territorio excepcional y esta guía trata de mostrar al lector el valioso patrimonio natural. Incluye una serie de rutas y lugares que visitar pero, sobre todo, hace una exposición detallada de las características del mismo (geología, clima, etc.) y se adentra en la descripción de las comunidades vegetales agrupadas en los dif...

Southern European columbines (genus Aquilegia) are involved in active processes of diversification, and the Iberian Peninsula offers a privileged observatory to witness the process. Studies on Iberian columbines have provided significant advances on species diversification, but we still lack a complete perspective of the genetic diversification in...

Background The adaptive maintenance of flower color variation is frequently attributed to pollinators partly because they preferentially visit certain flower phenotypes. We tested whether Gentiana lutea —which shows a flower color variation (from orange to yellow) in the Cantabrian Mountains range (north of Spain)—is locally adapted to the pollinat...

Dataset from field collection of the reciprocal transplant experiment, used to model analyses in this study

The total number of visits by each bumblebee group per treatment and location, and the number of visits per treatment and location as perecentage

Flower color is an important characteristic that determines the commercial value of ornamental plants. Gentian flowers occur in a limited range of colors because this species is not widely cultivated as a cut flower. Gentiana lutea L. var. aurantiaca (abbr, aurantiaca) is characterized by its orange flowers, but the specific pigments responsible fo...

Background. The adaptive maintenance of flower color variation is frequently attributed to pollinators in part because they preferentially visit certain flower phenotypes. We test whether Gentiana lutea – which shows a flower color variation (from orange to yellow) in the Cantabrian Mountains range (north of Spain) − is locally adapted to the polli...

Background. The adaptive maintenance of flower color variation is frequently attributed to pollinators in part because they preferentially visit certain flower phenotypes. We test whether Gentiana lutea – which shows a flower color variation (from orange to yellow) in the Cantabrian Mountains range (north of Spain) − is locally adapted to the polli...

Angiosperms diversification was primarily driven by pollinator agents, but non-pollinator agents also promoted floral evolution. Gentiana lutea shows pollinator driven flower color variation in NW Spain. We test whether insect herbivores and livestock, which frequently feed in G.lutea , play a role in G. lutea flower color variation, by answering t...

Raw Data

Angiosperms diversification was primarily driven by pollinator agents, but non-pollinator agents also promoted floral evolution. Gentiana lutea shows pollinator driven flower color variation in NW Spain. We test whether insect herbivores and livestock, which frequently feed in G.lutea, play a role in G. lutea flower color variation, by answering th...

Angiosperms diversification was primarily driven by pollinator agents, but non-pollinator agents also promoted floral evolution. Gentiana lutea shows pollinator driven flower color variation in NW Spain. We test whether insect herbivores and livestock, which frequently feed in G.lutea , play a role in G. lutea flower color variation, by answering t...

In Gentiana lutea two varieties are described: G. lutea var. aurantiaca with orange corolla colors and G. lutea var. lutea with yellow corolla colors. Both color varieties co-occur in NW Spain, and pollinators select flower color in this species. It is not known whether a hybridization barrier exists between these G. lutea color varieties. We aim t...

Flower color variation among plant populations might reflect adaptation to local conditions such as the interacting animal community. In the northwest Iberian Peninsula, flower color of Gentiana lutea varies longitudinally among populations, ranging from orange to yellow. We explored whether flower color is locally adapted and the role of pollinato...

Animals which interact with plants often cause selective pressures on plant traits. Flower color variation within a species might be shaped by the action of animals feeding on the plant species. Pollinators might exert natural selection on color if flower color is related to their foraging efficiency. For example, some pollinator species might requ...

Background: Flower colour variation among populations may result from the spatial variation of selective agents. The structure of phenotypic variation informs on the ecological processes related to this variation. Variation in floral traits is mainly attributed to variation in the pollinator fauna, while variation in vegetative traits is usually li...

Species within the genus Helleborus differ in the relative location of their sepals. Previous studies have proved the existence of post-floral functionality of sepals in H. foetidus, which leads us to consider the possibility of differences in the functionality of the sepals in H. viridis subsp. occidentalis. In this study, we analyzed their influe...

This study explores the possible causes of variation in female reproductive success of the subspecific taxon Primula elatior subsp. bergidensis, a distylic endemic to the north-western Iberian Peninsula, by analysing both vegetative and reproductive traits. In three populations, we marked vegetative and reproductive individuals either by mapping th...

A Flora de Os Eidos é un percorrido botánico pola Serra do Courel da man o poeta Uxío Nononeyra. A través dos seus poemas o autor destaca a riqueza botánica do territorio facilintando a identificación e localización das plantas. Idioma de publicáción: galego

Subindividual variation among repeated organs in plants constitutes an overlooked level of variation in phenotypic selection studies, despite being a major component of phenotypic variation. Animals that interact with plants could be selective agents on subindividual variation. This study examines selective pressures exerted during post-dispersal s...

This paper analyzes the effect of woodlot size and land-use intensity on the species richness of vascular plants, birds, beetles, and ants in Castanea sativa (chestnut) woodlots of the northwestern Iberian Penin-sula included in the category "9260 Castanea sativa woodland", "Annex I, DC 92/43/European Commu-nity". The results show that the surface...

The process of fragmentation can greatly influence plant-animal interactions. To assess the degree to which it affects the balance between two interactions of opposite sign, namely seed dispersal and post-dispersal seed predation, we selected 16 patches of chestnut forest in O Courel and El Bierzo, northwestern Spain. We assessed the effect of frag...

Patterns of fruit set were studied in Petrocoptis grandiflora, a species endemic to the northwestern Iberian Peninsula. This plant has a dichasial inflorescence in which the central flower opens first, followed by first order lateral flowers and then second-order lateral flowers. We investigated whether flowers at different positions in the inflore...

This paper analyzes the effect of the spatial characteristics and intensity of land use on vascular plant species richness in Castanea (Chestnut) woodlots of the northwestern Iberian Peninsula included in the category “9260 Castanea sativa woodland” (Annex I, DC 92/43 European Community). Digital maps were used to characterize 30 woodlots for which...

We studied the variation on floral traits of Narcissus cyclamineus, a species endemic to the northwestern Iberian Peninsula. We analyzed the effect of different breeding systems and the degree of herkogamy and stigmatic exertion on female reproductive success. Results showed that, while variation on floral structures is relatively low (i.e. less th...

Petrocoptis grandiflora Rothm. is a species endemic to the Iberian Peninsula with restricted distribution. We studied various aspects of its pollination ecology, nectar characteristics and standing crop, pollinators and nectar-robbers, and the effects of nectar robbing and supplementary pollination on fruit set. The nectar is moderately rich in sac...

Guitián, J. 1995. Sex ratio, reproductive investment and flowering phenology in dioecious Rhamnus alaternus (Rhamnaceae). - Nord. J. Bot. 15: 139–143. Copenhagen. ISSN 0107–055X. During 1992 and 1993 I investigated the reproductive biology of the dioecious Mediterranean shrub Rhamnus alaternus in a population in the northwest Iberian Peninsula. Rep...

To analyze the extent to which early flowering of specialized myrmecochorous plants (i.e. plants producing elaiosome-bearing seeds) may be the result of adaptation for ant dis- persal, we investigated flowering and fruiting patterns of common herb and shrub-layer species in a beechwood forest at the western end of the Cantabrian Range (Spain). Over...

We examine the hierarchical geographic structure of the interaction between a plant, Helleborus foetidus, and its floral herbivores and pollinators (interactors). Six populations from three distant regions of the Iberian Peninsula were used to examine intra- and inter-regional variation in plant traits, interactors and plant fecundity, and to compa...

This study examined the effect of plant traits and environmental factors on pollinator visitation in the winter-flowering Helleborus foetidus (Ranunculaceae) in three distant regions in the Iberian Peninsula. Geographical variation in floral visitor assemblage, plant traits and environmental factors were analysed during the flowering season. Differ...

Desde campos de especialización diferentes, cinco catedráticos das Universidades galegas coinciden nun diagnóstico pesimista da situación ambiental de Galiza, e reclaman unha actuación sobre a totalidade da nosa comunidade autónoma que ordene a actividade urbanística, a política de industrialización e dotación de servizos, e defina criterios para a...

Cinco catedráticos reclaman una nueva política ambiental para Galicia, al entender que la actual no sólo no resuelve sino que favorece la destrucción del medio natural. A la vista de las graves secuelas dejadas en bosques, montes, ríos y costas, los firmantes de este texto apuestan por un ordenamiento integral del territorio gallego, adaptado a las...

Pre- and post-dispersal Helleborus foetidus (Ranunculaceae) seed predation by mice Apodemus sylvaticus as well as post-dispersal seed removal by ants was studied, during two years, in six plant populations within three geographical regions (Caurel, Cazorla and Mágina) of the Iberian Peninsula. An observational approach revealed strong interregional...

We examined germination and seedling survival of Petrocoptis grandiflora and Petrocoptis viscosa (Caryophyllaceae), two narrow endemic species from the northwest Iberian Peninsula. The experiments were carried out with seeds of three of eight populations of P. grandiflora and one of the three sole populations of P. viscosa. Under natural conditions...

In hermaphrodite plants, variations in structural gender (defined as the ratio between male and female gametes) may occur at different levels (among flowers, plants, and populations). In this study, we investigated variation in four traits influencing structural gender (number of carpels, ovules per carpel, stamens, and pollen grains per stamen) wi...

Different kinds of plant-animal interactions are ordinarily studied in isolation, yet considering the combined fitness effects of mutualistic and antagonistic interactions is essential to understanding plant character evolution. Functional, structural, or phylogenetic associations between attractive and defensive traits may be nonadaptive or result...

The breeding system of the dichogamous hermaphrodite species Silene acutifolia, endemic to north-west Spain and north and central Portugal, is examined. Pollen germinability and style-stigma receptivity were analysed to determine whether protandry is a barrier to self-fertilization. By 48 h after anthesis, pollen germinability had declined to appro...

In hermaphrodite plants, variations in structural gender (defined as the ratio between male and female gametes) may occur at different levels (among flowers, plants, and populations). In this study, we investigated variation in four traits influencing structural gender (number of carpels, ovules per carpel, stamens, and pollen grains per stamen) wi...

Erythronium dens-canis is a geophyte which produces a single flower each season. The fruits produce small seeds with relatively large elaiosomes. We performed experiments to investigate primary and secondary seed dispersal mechanisms of this species in different habitats in the western part of the Cantabrian Range in northwest Spain. Sticky traps w...

We investigated flowering phenology and female reproductive success intwo populations of Silene acutifolia in northwest Spain,over one year (population A) or two consecutive years (population B). Floweringphenology was similar in the two populations and two years. However,significantinterannual and interindividual variation was detected in flowerin...

Morphological and functional characteristics of flowers may have major effects on their reproductive success. Here, we report a study on the characteristics of flowers of Petrocoptis viscosa, a herb species endemic to the northwest Iberian Peninsula, restricted to crevices in limestone outcrops, and currently occurring in only three populations wit...

By analysing patterns of phenotypic integration and multivariate covariance structure of five metric floral traits in nine Iberian populations of bumblebee-pollinated Helleborus foetidus (Ranunculaceae), this paper attempts to test the general hypothesis that pollinators enhance floral integration and selectively modify phenotypic correlations betw...

Morphological and functional characteristics of flowers may have major effects on their reproductive success. Here, we report a study on the characteristics of flowers of Petrocoptis viscosa, a herb species endemic to the northwest Iberian Peninsula, restricted to crevices in limestone outcrops, and currently occurring in only three populations wit...

: In Polygonatum odoratum (Liliaceae), flowers located distally within the flowering shoot typically exhibit lower fruit set than flowers located proximally. In this study, experiments were performed to investigate whether the lower fruit set of distal flowers is due to pollen limitation, resource competition or “architectural” effects. We found th...

In Polygonatum odoratum (Liliaceae), flowers located distally within the flowering shoot typically exhibit lower fruit set than flowers located proximally. In this study, experiments were performed to investigate whether the lower fruit set of dis-tal flowers is due to pollen limitation, resource competition or ªarchitecturalº effects. We found tha...

Autonomous self-pollination may be considered as a mechanism enhancing plant reproductive success when plant access to pollen sources may limit seed production. We have studied the relationship between geographical patterns of variation in pollinator service to Helleborus foetidus and self-pollination ability in three widely spaced regions in the I...

Autonomous self-pollination may be considered as a mechanism enhancing plant reproductive success when plant access to pollen sources may limit seed production. We have studied the relationship between geographical patterns of variation in pollinator service to Helleborus foetidus and self-pollination ability in three widely spaced regions in the I...

We investigated patterns of fruit and seed production on inflorescences of a population of Pancratium maritimum in northwest Spain over a 2-yr period. Initial findings showed that the earliest opening flowers on an inflorescence are more likely to set fruit and produce more seeds than later opening flowers and that this pattern is maintained throug...

This study investigated the extent to which the reproductive success of plants of Erythronium dens-canis (Liliaceae), a spring herb of mountain habitats, is dependent on floral morphology. To this end, a series of studies was performed in an area in northwest Spain. The results show that E. dens-canis plants in this area a) are self-compatible, b)...

Flowering phenology, breeding system and temporal variation in reproductive success were studied over two consecutive years in a population of Pancratium maritimum L. (Amaryllidaceae) on coastal sand-dunes in northwest Spain. The population flowering period was late June to early September, with the flowering peak in mid-July. Fruit set did not var...

By analyzing 296 published and unpublished data sets describing annual variation in seed output by 144 species of woody plants, this article addresses the following questions. Do plant species naturally fall into distinct groups corresponding to masting and nonmasting habits? Do plant populations generally exhibit significant bimodality in annual s...

By analyzing 296 published and unpublished data sets describing annual variation in seed output by 144 species of woody plants, this article addresses the following questions. Do plant species naturally fall into distinct groups corresponding to masting and nonmasting habits? Do plant populations generally exhibit significant bimodality in annual s...

Various aspects of the reproductive biology of two populations of the distylous shrub Jasminum fructicans (Oleaceae) in the northwest Iberian Peninsula were studied during 1994 and 1995. This species is a ‘tropical’ relict of pre-Miocene origin. Two morphs (the L morph with long-style/short-pistil, and the S morph with short-style/ long-pistil) occ...

An analysis of the ecological characteristics (life form, seed-dispersal mode, pollination mode, and reproductive mode) of about 1800 species of the flora of northwest Spain indicates that the most frequent characteristics are hemicryptophyte or therophyte life form, semachorous or barochorous seed dispersal, entomophilous pollination, and hermaphr...

Amigo, J., Izco, J., Guitián, J. & Romero, M.I. Reinterpretación del robledal termófilo galaico-portugués: Pusco aculeati-Quercetum roboris. Lazaroa 19:85-98 (1998). La asociación de los robledales termófilos de Galicia y Noroeste de Portugal (Rusco aculeati-Quercetum roboris) estaba insuficientemente documentada: desde su descripción, hace 4 décad...

The thermophilous oakwood association Rusco-Quercetum roboris, from Galicia and northwest Portugal, had not previously been typified. Furthermore, since its description forty years ago there have been no relevés published from Galicia under this name, despite the fact that the association had been considered as a well-defined head of a series and i...

We examined variation in the floral morphology of Petrocoptis grandiflora Rothm. (Caryophyllaceae), a plant endemic to the northwest Iberian Peninsula. First, we investigated whether peduncle length, calyx length and petal-limb length influence reproductive success (as measured by seed production). Second, we investigated whether floral morphology...

We studied various aspects of the fruiting biology of Cornus sanguinea (Cornaceae), a fleshy-fruit-producing deciduous shrub, in four populations in northwest Spain. One population was studied over a 5-yr period (1989-1994), and the remaining populations in 1994 only. Fruit-set level varied among years (range 11-18%) and among populations (range 8-...

Spatiotemporal variation in the composition of the pollinator assemblage of Cornus sanguinea (Cornaceae) was investigated over a two-year period in three populations in the northwest Iberian Peninsula. On average, 67.4% of flower visitors were hymenopterans and 22.6% dipterans. The relative frequencies of hymenopteran and dipteran visits varied sig...

We studied various aspects of the fruiting biology of Cornus sanguinea (Cornaceae), a fleshy-fruit-producing deciduous shrub, in four populations in northwest Spain. One population was studied over a 5-yr period (1989-1994), and the remaining populations in 1994 only. Fruit-set level varied among years (range 11-18%) and among populations (range 8-...

Different aspects are studied concerning the altitudinal variations and anthropogenic modifications on the upper limit of forest formations, as well as the repercussions for present-day slope dynamics, in a valley of the Serra dos Ancares (NW Iberian Peninsula). A clear dissymmetry, associated with climatic and topographic factors, was noted in the...

In Prunus mahaleb (Rosaceae), only a small proportion of those flowers that initially develop give rise to fruits, and the probability of producing fruit differs between flowers. The results of this study indicate that the probability of producing fruit is about 60% for the first (i.e., most proximal) flower to develop in each inflorescence, but ve...

In Prunus mahaleb (Rosaceae), only a small proportion of those flowers that initially develop give rise to fruits, and the probability of producing fruit differs between flowers. The results of this study indicate that the probability of producing fruit is about 60% for the first (i.e., most proximal) flower to develop in each inflorescence, but ve...

Various aspects of the reproductive biology of Petrocoptis grandiflora Rothm. (Caryophyllaceae) were studied. including fruit- and seed-set in response to pollination from different sources, pollen/ovule ratio, floral duration, pollinator spectrum and behaviour (including nectar robbery), and nectar characteristics and production. Fruit-set and see...

Various mutually compatible hypotheses have been proposed to explain the low levels of fruit set observed in many hermaphrodite plants. I carried out trials to determine which of these hypotheses best explains the low fruit set occurring in Prunus mahaleb L. (Rosaceae). The results of insect exclusion, supplementary pollination, and flower removal...

Various mutually compatible hypotheses have been proposed to explain the low levels of fruit set observed in many hermaphrodite plants. I carried out trials to determine which of these hypotheses best explains the low fruit set occurring in Prunus mahaleb L. (Rosaceae). The results of insect exclusion, supplementary pollination, and flower removal...

We studied the reproductive biology ofPrunus spinosa andPrunus mahaleb (Prunoideae, Rosaceae) in the northwest Iberian Peninsula. The two species flowered at the same time (peaking on March 9 and 11, respectively in 1990) but differ significantly in their fruit maturation times. Nectar volume peaked in the early morning in both species, and was ten...

We studied pollinator behaviour in different-sized patches of Echium plantagineum (Boraginaceae). The pollinators displaying greatest activity were Hemaris fuciformis (Sphingidae) (46 flowers per minute, fpm), Bombus terrestris (Apidae) (23 fpm) and Apis mellifera (Apidae) (15 fpm). On average, the flowers of plants in large patches were visited on...

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In a study of the flowering phenology of Petrocoptis grandiflora and its possible influence on fruit set in two populations of the northwestern Iberian Peninsula, none of the flowering variables investigated-flowering intensity, duration of flowering, number of flowers, flowering order, and flowering overlap-explained the observed interplant differ...