Janet Adetinuke Akinmoladun

University College Hospital Ibadan · Department of Radiology

Objectives This study aimed at defining the Lung ultrasonographic (LUS) features of severe Childhood community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in under-5s with clinical pneumonia, as well as the correlation between clinical and ultrasonographic findings. Materials and Methods A prospective descriptive study conducted at the Children Emergency Ward of the...

Introduction Artificial intelligence (AI) can be described as a set of tools and programs that operate in similar ways to normal human brain functions during regular tasks. Radiology is a medical specialty that is naturally related to technology, and the introduction of AI to radiology offers opportunities to improve the speed, accuracy, and qualit...

Background/Aims Sickle cell anemia also known as haemoglobin SS (HbSS) is a genetic disease arising from the replacement of glutamic acid with valine at position 6 of the beta hemoglobin chain. This vaso-occlusive disease affects most of the organs in the body with the spleen commonly affected resulting in recurrent infarction. This study aims to a...

Introduction The posteroanterior (PA) projection is the standard view for chest radiographs with the alternative of anteroposterior (AP) chest view. Proper identification of the projection of any chest radiograph is critical to the interpretation and eventual inferences made. The teardrop sign in radiology is a well-known feature that is observed w...

Amniotic band syndrome (ABS) consists of multiple irregular fibrotic bands stretching out from placenta to the fetus that can result in many fetal abnormalities. The calvaria involvement may mimic anencephaly. A 30-year-old primigravida with anomaly ultrasound scan at a gestational age of 22 weeks showing a poorly formed fetal head with bulging eye...

Spina bifida is the most common congenital abnormality of the central nervous system with meningomyelocele accounting for approximately 85% of lesions. Meningomyelocele is a devastating malformation associated with significant perinatal morbidity and mortality. Mid-trimester anomaly ultrasound scan is key to making the diagnosis of the anomaly beca...

Introduction Malignant gliomas, especially glioblastomas, are among the most aggressive and devastating of cancers, commonly producing profound progressive disability and leading to death in most cases. Conventional magnetic resonance (MR) imaging with gadolinium-based contrast agents is the most widely established and most useful tool in the chara...

Background: Delayed detection of congenital heart diseases in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) contributes to the poor outcome of infants with cardiac anomalies. Fetal echocardiography (FE) can detect heart defects in-utero as early as the 18th gestational week (GA), giving parents and medical professionals time to prepare for the baby's de...

Background: Evaluating bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) in patients with prostatic enlargement may reflect the severity of the disease and aid in predicting the treatment outcome. Objectives: To determine the sonological correlation between intravesical prostatic protrusion and bladder outlet obstruction in patients with symptomatic benign prostati...

Background: Gallstones detected incidentally during imaging are termed 'silent' or asymptomatic gallstones and they account for 80% of all gallstones. About 1-2% of patients with silent gallstones develop symptoms yearly; however, determining those who will develop symptoms is a major challenge. Ultrasonography is the most sensitive and specific m...

Hydrops foetalis (HF) is the excessive fluid accumulation in at least two foetal body cavities, including pleural, pericardial, and peritoneal cavities, with associated soft tissue oedema. Most cases of hydrops foetalis were due to severe erythroblastosis foetalis, secondary to Rhesus isoimmunization. However, other variants include non-immune hydr...

Background and objective: Down syndrome is the most common chromosomal anomaly found among newborns. Prenatal screening can inform pregnant women and their partners of the risk of their baby having Down syndrome. The study aimed to determine the awareness and attitude of Nigerian pregnant women towards prenatal screening for Down syndrome. Method...

This letter to the editor is on the Invited Review by Graf et al. on pages 900–907 of this issue.

Introduction: Congenital anomalies (CA) are structural or functional disorders present at birth. Routine prenatal ultrasound screening has become an indispensable tool for early detection of CA in developed countries which will facilitate appropriate preemptive actions for safe guarding the health of both mother and the unborn fetus. The prevalenc...

Backgound: Major Congenital anomalies are conditions that are severe enough to reduce life expectancy or compromise normal function. The introduction of prenatal screening for fetal anomalies to mid-trimester ultrasonography allows for early detection of many anomalies including the major ones. Once the diagnosis is made, the parents have the opti...

Background: The burden of birth defects is disproportionately higher in developing countries. Objectives: This study assessed the knowledge of risk factors and prevention of birth defects among ante-natal clinic attendees at the University College Hospital, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study among 415 mothers...

Children account for nearly half the population of Nigeria yet the capacity for effective imaging of children is unknown. In order to determine clinical resources for and challenges of paediatric radiology in Nigeria, certified radiologists at an exit examination in radiology for resident doctors, and resident doctors in radiology attending an upda...

Introduction: Two-Dimensional ultrasound (2DUS) has been the preferred screening method for fetal abnormalities for several decades. Three-dimensional ultrasound (3DUS) is a technique that converts standard 2D grayscale ultrasound images into a volumetric dataset which allows visualization of the fetus in all three dimensions at the same time. It...

Background: Seizure is the most common neurological disorder in children and an important cause of paediatric hospital admission with the highest prevalence in the under-five age group. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is the neuro-imaging technique of choice in the initial evaluation of children with epilepsy. High-field MRI is the ideal imaging m...

ABSTRACT Use of Thoracic Ultrasound among Respiratory Physicians in Nigeria: Results from a Preliminary Survey Authors: Adeniyi Bamidele1,Nwosu Nmamdi 2, ,Sola Kareem,1 Tinuke Akinmoladun,3Erhabor Gregory4 1. Department of Medicine, Federal Medical Centre, Owo 2. Department of Medicine, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital 3. Department of Radi...

Tuberous sclerosis (TS) is a neurocutaneous syndrome with an autosomal dominant inheritance characterized by widespread hamartomas and benign neoplasms distributed in several organs throughout the body. The mean age of presentation is 5 years and the imaging features tend to vary with age. The most commonly affected organs include the brain, skin,...

Objectives: To assess the comparative difficulty in acquiring the different proficiencies in biometry following basic fetal ultrasound training workshop. Methods: A pre- and post-course comparison study to assess the difference in competence of ultrasound-naive trainees in quantitative form, following an ISUOG-accredited 5-day hands-on, basic ultraso...

Objectives: The ratio of trained personnel in fetal assessment to obstetric population is suboptimal in developing countries. This study aims to assess the improvement in fetal Doppler skills of participants at an ISUOG-accredited advanced obstetric ultrasound workshop, using four fetal vessels. Methods: During the 5-day program at Benin, Nigeria b...

Background: When couples are confronted with a pregnancy in which there is a major foetal anomaly, they have only two options: termination of the pregnancy or allowing the baby to be born. Objective: To determine the attitude of pregnant women in Nigeria to termination of pregnancies with major congenital anomalies. Methods: This is a descriptive...

The rising morbidity and mortality from end-stage renal disease (ESRD) among children in sub-Saharan Africa and Nigeria is now a primary health concern. Due to this, an accurate, simple, affordable, non-invasive method for early diagnosis of renal diseases in children is needed to prevent progression to ESRD. In this prospective, cross-sectional st...

Background: Intracardiac echogenic focus (ICEF) is defined as a small bright structure within the fetal heart with similar or greater echogenicity to the surrounding bone. The cause of ICEF is unknown, although it is generally believed to be a normal variant. However, several authors have reported a possible association between an ICEF and chromoso...

Duodenal atresia (DA) is the commonest type of congenital small bowel obstruction usually presenting in the neonatal period. About half of fetuses with duodenal atresia have other associated anomalies, and these associations often contribute to morbidity and mortality. DA can be fatal unless promptly diagnosed and treated surgically. In experienced...

Background: Pre-eclampsia (PE) is an important public health menace in both developed and developing countries with high maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality globally. A major goal towards improving antenatal management of PE is to develop accurate prediction models that identify women at high risk of this disease for appropriate interve...

Fetal congenital anomalies are among the leading causes of perinatal death or survival with disability worldwide. Their accurate antenatal detection employing a range of fetal imaging techniques enables parental choices to be made and for postnatal care of affected babies to be planned. While such prenatal care is well developed in developed countr...

Limb-body wall complex (LBWC) is a rare fatal congenital malformation syndrome. We report a case of sonographically diagnosed LBWC at the gestational age of 28 weeks which was confirmed after delivery. The parents opted for termination of pregnancy. Physical examination postdelivery revealed a large abdominal and thoracic wall defect with the conte...

Introduction: The prevalence of major congenital anomalies (CAs) shows wide variations depending on geographical location and may range from <1% to 8% and it causes between 20% and 30% of perinatal deaths. In Nigeria, the prevalence of CAs may be underestimated with the general reliance on mostly livebirths ranging between 0.5% and 2.8% exempting...

Introduction: Single umbilical artery (SUA), a developmental abnormality of the umbilical cord occurs following primary agenesis or secondary atrophy of one of the arteries. It occurs in 0.08%–2% of pregnancies and associated with intrauterine growth restriction, preterm delivery, stillbirth, and congenital anomalies. Usually, the attending midwife...

Introduction: There has been a tremendous increase in the use of transvaginal ultrasound (TVS) in pregnancy. With the use of high‑resolution transducers, the transvaginal probe has proved to be particularly useful for finding the location and dating of early pregnancies when compared with transabdominal sonography (TAS). It has also been shown to b...

Background: Congenital anomalies are among the leading causes of fetal and infant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Prenatal ultrasound (US) screening has become an essential part of antenatal care in the developed world. Such practice is just evolving in the developing countries such as Nigeria. The aim of this article is to present our initial...

Neurofibromatosis type 1(NF-1, Von Recklinghausen disease or peripheral NF) is a rare autosomal dominant disorder with varied clinical manifestations involving the skin, nerves and bones. It is the most common of the neurocutaneous syndromes, with variable pathological and clinical expression. Approximately half of all cases result from spontaneous...

Background: There is a need for a multidisciplinary database that can be used as a potential source for developing a protocol and a guideline for a possible nationwide prospective surveillance of congenital anomalies in Nigeria. Methods: This five-year cross-sectional retrospective survey of data from January 2009 to December 2013 was done at the U...

The orbit is a bony cavity within the skull that is composed of many structures which may undergo neoplastic transformation. Failure to diagnose the tumour and determine its extent may lead to high morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of computed tomography in the diagnosis of orbital tumours in our centre. Comput...