Iwan Rudiarto

Universitas Diponegoro | UNDIP · Department of Urban and Regional Planning

Collective management of village land is an effort made to sustain culture and traditions within a village community as well as a manifestation of sustainable rural economics. This paper examines the dynamics of village land management from various aspects, such as typology and allocation, transformation, legal basis, and mechanism. This study was...

Urban growth, in many Asian cities, may lead to increased exposure to flood and growing sensitivity mainly because of the presence of informal settlements. On the other hand, urban areas may offer better access to public facilities, improving adaptive capacity and enhancing the local government’s capabilities. This study aims to investigate to what...

ABSTRAK Pelabuhan Perikanan Nusantara Pekalongan (PPNP) mengalami penurunan kinerja akibat banjir rob dan penurunan tanah. Pemerintah Kota Pekalongan berupaya mengatasi permasalahan tersebut melalui rencana pembangunan Pelabuhan Onshore untuk meningkatkan sektor perikanan tangkap dan perekonomian masyarakat di sekitar kawasan pelabuhan. Namun demik...

Farmers of Grobogan Regency strive for better livelihood when their agricultural productivity is unstable. The decision to do out migration is caused by several factors, most dominantly of economic reasons. This article aims to investigates the migration motive of Grobogan farmers to a sustainable livelihood. By conducting a quantitative research m...

Peningkatan kebutuhan ruang akibat bertambahnya jumlah penduduk secara perlahan tetapi pasti akan mengubah pola ruang di suatu wilayah. Banyak kawasan permukiman baru yang terbangun di daerah pinggiran kota karena harga lahan yang relatif lebih murah meskipun sebenarnya daerah tersebut kurang sesuai untuk dikembangkan sebagai kawasan permukiman. Se...

The rapid and uncontrolled urbanization in developing countries creates new challenges for the government, as is the case with mega-urbanization in the Joglosemar Urban Region of Indonesia. This study employs remote sensing data to assess discrete compactness with a contact perimeter approach to measure the spatial pattern of three urban areas as t...

Whereas most contemporary frameworks evaluating land management aspects focus on institutional settings at a national level, the 8R framework of responsible land management aims at evaluating individual land management projects or interventions. This 8R framework is, however, still under development and needs testing, validation and further detaili...

The advent of climate change in Grobogan Regency is marked by the lengthy dry season, prevalence of rat attacks and changes in the growing season due to weather instability. This article aims to explore adaptation strategies for farmers in dealing with the problem of declining crop productivity due to climate change. Based on observations, expert i...

Transformasi desa ditandai dengan adanya pergeseran karakteristik dari wilayah perdesaan menjadi perkotaan. Hubungan desa-kota yang semakin erat juga mendorong terjadinya aglomerasi daerah pada wilayah peri-urban. Tujuan dari penulisan artikel ini adalah untuk mengkaji transformasi desa berdasarkan aspek tipologi zona dan kondisi sosial-ekonomi mas...

Climate change is one of the development challenges, both at the global, national, and regional levels. In recent years, the impact of climate change is increasingly affect the world community. Various studies state that the factor that exacerbates climate change comes from massive human activities, causing the production of the increasing of green...

Dataran Tinggi Dieng terletak di Kecamatan Kejajar Kabupaten Wonosobo memiliki produksi pertanian kentang yang tinggi. Namun kondisi tersebut tidak lantas membuat masyarakat Kecamatan Kejajar dalam keadaan ekonomi yang baik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kesejahteraan masyarakat petani Dataran Tinggi Dieng menggunakan pendekatan pengh...

Housing in coastal cities is facing complex environmental hazards. The risk of being permanently submerged caused by sea level rise-related flooding is aggravated by the localized hazards, which is land subsidence. We explored the land subsidence conditions in the housing zone of Semarang City using overlay spatial analysis, and we expand the discu...

Rural coastal areas in northern Central Java suffer from tidal flood caused by sea level rise and land subsidence. People not only lose their properties as tidal flood submerges houses and lands but many of their livelihoods become unsustainable. To understand the extent of tidal flood impact to livelihood of rural coastal communities and their liv...

Land subsidence is a major cause of environmental degradation. It increases the exposure of global sea level rise-related disasters in coastal cities lying on young sediment. Ample monitoring, adaptation, and mitigation measures have been taken to tackle the impact of such coastal hazards for decades in Semarang City. However, to date, land subside...

Sayung Subdistrict is part of Demak Regency which is located in the northern-coastal region has experienced tidal floods with vulnerable socio-economic in decades. This study aims to determine the level of community vulnerability and the effectiveness of the community adaptation strategy in dealing with the tidal flood. Meanwhile, quantitative and...

Rural-urban linkages are part of regional development concern, providing a regional network strategy to deal with the rural-urban divide issue. Industrial growth in the peri-urban area is an important activity that could bridge the linkage of rural and urban. The recent growth of the industrial sector in Semarang Regency, Indonesia, has fostered th...

Land degradation is a phenomena of the decreasing in land use function, potential use and irreplaceable organism. Many causes result in land degradation such as soil erosion, rain erosion which are all accelerated by human activities example agricultural activity. Increased agricultural activity is caused by an increase in population and also incre...

Sesuai dengan rencana tata ruang wilayah Kabupaten Semarang, Kecamatan Sumowono dikembangkan menjadi kawasan pertanian produktif, dengan sistem agropolitan. Penataan ruang dapat dilakukan dengan optimal apabila seluruh bidang tanah pada kawasan tersebut sudah terdaftar, sehingga perencanaan, pemanfaatan dan pengendaliannya dapat dilakukan dengan se...

Rural coastal areas in northern Central Java suffer from tidal flood caused by sea level rise and land subsidence. People not only lose their properties as tidal flood submerges houses and lands but many of their livelihoods become unsustainable. To understand the extent of tidal flood impact to livelihood of rural coastal communities and their liv...

The population living in the residential area in two villages, including Pohuwato village and Pohuwato Timur village, are mostly fishermen, who live under the poverty line, meaning that the people there have low income. The objective of the present study was to explore the living condition in terms of the physical, social, and economic aspects of t...

Way Seputih watershed is one of the important watersheds located in Central Lampung Regency and is a source of waters both agriculture and industry. The occurrence of floods that occur during the rainy season is due to reduced forest cover that is converted to agricultural land and settlements. In the Way Seputih River many sand mining activities w...

Land subsidence is a common unsustainable pattern of land use on young sediment coasts worldwide, such as Semarang coastal area. The impact had already transformed its northeast area become permanently tidal flooded, damage in houses and streets, and economic loss. However, local government efforts are noticeably as band-aid measures, which can lea...

Several countries experience difficulties in overcoming the effects of natural disasters amid the Covid-19 pandemic, such as Typhoon Hagibis in Japan, floods due to melting snow in Canada, Typhoons in Bangladesh, and Cyclone Harold in Pacific countries. Natural disasters that affected the world during infectious diseases did not only occur in 2020....

Infrastructure planning ideally not only considers the geotechnical aspects and physical conditions of the infrastructure development location but also must be able to support regional development. One kind of spatial analysis technique which has capabilities to integrate various regional characteristics associated with its suitability for a partic...

Peri-urban is commonly defined as an area around the suburban region that has the hybrid characteristics between an urban area and a rural area. The study aimed to investigate the change of regional typology due to the progress of the peri-urban area in Marisa based on the physical and social aspects in 1980 and in 2017. Encompassing two districts,...

This study explores urbanization and flood events in the northern coast of Central Java with river basin as its unit of analysis. Two types of analysis were applied (i.e., spatial data and non-spatial data analysis) at four river basin areas in Central Java—Indonesia. The spatial analysis is focused on the assessment of LULC change in 2009–2018 bas...

Banjir musiman yang terjadi pada kawasan permukiman berdampak pada kondisi sosial ekonomi masyarakat yang secara bertahap akan menimbulkan tingkatan dalam kebertahanan. Kebertahanan tersebut terjadi karena adanya dorongan masyarakat yang terpapar bencana banjir untuk menyerap dan mengatasi gangguan yang terjadi serta memulihkan diri untuk tetap mel...

Industry cluster formation and innovation are vital to promoting local economic development. Industry clustering is commonly understood to have an endogenous dynamic effect, which can mask the exogenous origins and dynamics of clusters. This chapter presents findings from scoping research related to exogenous factors shaping innovation in micro and...

As a developing region, the problem of inequality development is a challenge for Tanjungpinang City so that the determination of centre place is the most important to do. The objective of this study is to identify areas in Tanjungpinang that have the potential as a central place. Quantitative approach was applied with central place, scalogram, and...

Climate-related disasters such as floods and tidal floods impact livelihood systems in coastal areas everywhere, particularly in developing countries, resulting in a certain degree of livelihood vulnerability. In this paper, we examine the spatial exposure and livelihood vulnerability level of Tegal, a city in Central Java, Indonesia. Data were col...

Customary land tenure associated with land administration systems have begun to receive attention through research. A recent study discusses the practice of land release to gain insight into the forces that underpin transformation of customary land rights. However, few studies address the ability to negotiate and adapt to customary land tenure. Thi...

Pengembangan wilayah di Indonesia mengalami kemajuanpesat seiring dengan kebijakan pemerintah pusat dalam melakukan pemerataan pembangunan.Fenomena global dalam rangka mendorong pemerataan pengembangan wilayah, setiap negara berinisiatif untuk mengembangkan kebijakan klaster industri.studi ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji implikasi penetapan wilayah pu...

Sayung is one of sub-district of Demak Regency which located in the northside of the coastal area. For the last few decades, the coastal area has become a tidal flood cause of climate change, and human activities that have had an impact on social, economic and environmental aspects. The various adaptation efforts had been done to confronting the ti...

This paper presents a Web GIS application development framework through an open-source software which aims to provide reliable open data services, required for policymaking in urban land use planning. The geodatabase model is comprehensively developed. It displayed a user interface using QGIS, MapServer, and Pmapper, with open source tools with PHP...

Soil erosion has been a major threat in land degradation processes around the world. High level of soil erosion in particular area may influence community livelihood where land resource as the main source of family income is being threatened. This study was carried out in Dieng Plateau, Central Java Province, Indonesia, with the aim to seek the lev...

Jumlah penduduk di pusat kota yang cukup besar mengakibatkan semakin berkurangnya lahan di wilayah tersebut sehingga lambat laun akan terjadi perkembangan perkotaan ke arah pinggiran (urbanisasi), seperti yang terjadi di Kota Semarang yaitu pengembangan kota baru Bukit Semarang Baru (BSB) di Kecamatan Mijen. Dengan adanya BSB ini terjadi perubahan...

Regional Development in the long term is more emphasized on the potential introduction of natural resources and regional development. As one of the cities that has abundant natural resource potential, Sungai Penuh City should optimize its potential of coffee cultivation. This plant commodity is viewed by the government as a potential to improve the...

The Land and Building Tax Imposition Base (NJOP) is used to determine the basis for Land and Building Taxes. But in reality, NJOP sometimes does not match fair market values. By land valuation experts, a method was formed which approached real land prices, namely the Land Value Zone (ZNT). ZNT in its application and development raises diverse respo...

The trends of bilocality – in which an individual will spend part of the year in a rural area, and the other in an urban area – presents a unique and increasingly common manifestation of the circular migrant. In this paper, we explore the dynamics of bilocal migrants in Indonesia from a Central Java city and examine migrant points of origin in term...

The increase and spread of population between regions always have an impact on settlements, whereby settlements require a land while land in a city has many activities, and it is limited. This limited potential settlement lands greatly influence the direction of the population in finding a place to settle. This study aims to study on potential sett...

A settlement is an important requirement for humans. Increasing the number of residents has encouraged additional needs for residential land while the amount of land has not increased. It is necessary to analyze the suitability of residential land to create decent and safe settlements from disasters. This study analyzes the suitability of residenti...

The discussion in this paper brings up issues on how the land resources utilization is done mainly as a respond to socioeconomic development instead of achieving sustainability. Delanggu sub-district of Klaten Regency and Kledung sub-district of Temanggung Regency were chosen as the study areas. We collected data and information by conducting Focus...

The city of Semarang has a high level of hazard and vulnerability to Dengue Fever disaster. Socio-economic conditions and low of hygienic and healthy living behavior lead to low adaptability to dengue fever disaster. Empirical facts show that the incidence of dengue fever disease occurs in areas which has low socioeconomic levels, poor of built env...

This paper aims to describe the identification of urban society behavior based on gender in using private transportation modes in the City Center of Semarang. The city center is the center of economic growth so that it has a high level of mobility and accessibility, especially in the use of private vehicles. This study uses GIS for Mapping and a qu...

Perkembangan suatu kota akan mendorong peningkatan kebutuhan akan permukiman. Pemilihan kawasan permukiman yang tidak sesuai akan berakibat penurunan kualitas lingkungan dan bencana alam, bahkan dapat berakibat kerusakan dan korban jiwa yang lebih besar apabila terjadi bencana. Kota Palu adalah salah satu kota yang terus mengalami perkembangan, di...

The existence of Green Open Spaces (GOS) in big cities tend to decrease and not evenly distributed. Whereas, the role of GOS is essential for ecological, social, and economic function, also as the city’s aesthetic. Bandung City attempted to meet the needs of GOS by developing many thematic parks, the park which added by unique theme. Thematic parks...

Landdegradationisaglobalproblemwhichinvolvesclimate,soil,vegetation,economic, andpopulationconditions.Landdegradationoccursinruralagriculturallandasaresult of agricultural activities. Land degradation can ultimately eliminate the sustainability of environmental, social and economic in rural areas. Land degradation problems decline environmental, so...

Indrokilo sub-village in Central Java, Indonesia, has some assets including Bengkok land. As a customary land, it is also called as adat land and managed by village government of Lerep Village. The objective of the present study is to know the planning process in land utilization and the actors in the land tenure system. This research used an explo...

Rural development program needs the community participation. However, the participation degree will decrease while an individual or/and groups interest increase significantly since starting the program.

Hak tanggungan sebagai salah satu investasi swasta memiliki nilai besar, begitu juga di Perkotaan Purwokerto. Namun disatu sisi belum banyak yang melakukan analisis kontribusi terhadap perkembangan suatu wilayah khususnya perkotaan. Dengan mengidentifikasi pola spasial hak tanggungan menggunakan analisis Average Nearest Neighboor dan analisis densi...

This paper conveys the findings of a study of the development of Semarang Metropolitan Region (SMR) over two decades. The developments seen were urbanisation and its impact on Surface Urban Heat Islands (SUHI). This research used remote sensing data satellite imagery of Landsat 5 T M and Landsat 8 OLI to see land cover change from 1998 to 2018. Fur...

Global concern has sought to connect resilience with the field of disaster risk reduction, which was prominent in the Hyogo Framework for Action (2005–2015) and updated in the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction (2015–2030). However, defining disaster risk reduction and resilience as policy goals geared towards reducing vulnerability and m...

Many aspects should be considered in planning a sustainable city, two of them are transportation planning and population growth. These aspects have an essential role in changing the urban structure and the occupancy rate of a city. Population growth always related to people activity, particularly social and economic activities whereas road is the p...

Rural coastal area in northern part of Sayung subdistrict isprone to tidal flood as effect of abrasion and sea level rise. This studylooks at the condition of five villages that suffer the most tidal flood thereand tries to measure the livelihood resilience of the people throughhousehold survey. Livelihood Resilience Index (LRI) and Resilience Rada...

Dinamika perubahan penggunaan lahan dapat dipahami secara spasial dengan memanfaatkan data penginderaan jauh dan sistem informasi geografis. Penelitian ini bertujuan membangun model perubahan penggunaan lahan di Kota Mataram untuk memprediksi penggunaan lahan di Kota Mataram pada tahun2031. Model yang dibangun adalah hasil analisis spasial dari pol...

Rapid urbanization in developing countries has brought some unprecedented consequences in economic, social, and most notably environmental aspects. Many cities have to be dealing with the challenges of vulnerability as the risk of disasters increases. In responding to the challenges, the concept of urban resilience has been applied as an important...

This paper describes the land resource availability and climate change disaster events in three rural coastal area of the Central Java Province, Indonesia, i.e.; Wonokerto sub district – Pemalang Regency, Sayung sub district – Demak Regency, and Lasem sub district – Rembang Regency. Land resource availability was assessed into land use cover change...

Semarang City has a strong connection with Ungaran City as they are interlinked and connected by a good transportation system. However, Ungaran City growth is not solely influenced by Semarang City development. Ungaran as the sub-center is able to develop as an independent growth center for its surrounding areas mainly because of the existing indus...

Social entrepreneurship (SE) could be implemented to reveal the contribution of potential business opportunity and added value creation for its surrounding community. In the context of SME and cluster development, the SE implementation is more likely to be found in the kampong area, which has a high level of kinship system. This condition makes the...

Dalam memenuhi pelayanan untuk masyarakatnya, maka sebuah kota terus melakukan pembangunan dan penambahan pada bagian infrastruktur terutama pada penyediaan utilitas umumnya. Kabupaten Temanggung mengalami peningkatan jumlah penduduknya tiap tahun. Hal ini membuat pemerintah daerah perlu melakukan perencanaan pembangunan serta perbaikan pada utilit...

RTH merupakan tuntutan dasar yang jika tidak dipenuhi maka dapat menunjukan ketidakmampuan pemerintah dalam meningkatkan kualitas kehidupan kota dan keseimbangan ekologi. Pemerintah Kota Bandung berupaya memenuhi RTH dengan membangun taman tematik yakni taman yang diberi daya tarik agar dapat merubah taman yang semula pasif menjadi taman aktif. Tam...

Indonesia, as an archipelagic nation, has about 150 million people (60%) living in coastal areas. Such communities are increasingly vulnerable to the effects of change, in the form of sea level rise and stronger, more intense storms. Population growth in coastal areas will also increase the disaster risk mainly because of climate change-related eff...

The intention of this paper is to combine the socio economic development into spatial aspect with the fact that the divided sub study areas are differed in its socio-economic characteristic. The research was conducted in three different rural areas, i.e.; coastal area in Sayung sub district – Demak Regency, plain area in Delanggu sub district – Kla...

Limited and insufficient information about the dynamic interrelation among mobility, utility, and land price is the main reason to conduct this research. Several studies, with several approaches, and several variables have been conducted so far in order to model the land price. However, most of these models appear to generate primarily static land...

This paper aims to examine the relationship of urbanization and the consequences of environmental impacts, especially the availability of forests. The analysis used remote sensing data ie Landsat 7 ETM (1990), Landsat 7 ETM (2000), and Landsat 8 OLI (2015). Analysis of forest availability used green vegetation cover parameters with NDVI techniques,...

Human settlements supply has always been a problem in urban areas, particularly for the low-earners. There are few aspects to do in house procurement, such as location that will determine the cost of housing. Hence, this research aims to determine potential location to be developed as affordable housing for low-income people in Semarang. This resea...

The growth of air passengers impacted not only on the addition of fleets number and flight routes, but also on the provision of airports and facilities. Airport facilities are not only about terminal space and air-side facilities, but also related to the provision of intermodal facilities to and from the airport. In Indonesia, some airports have in...

Keberadaan lansekap perdesaan sangat penting dalam menjaga kesimbangan lingkungan. Perubahan pola lansekap akan berpengaruh terhadap ekosistem dan juga habitat yang kemudian juga berpengaruh terhadap lingkungan manusia. Perubahan pola lansekap perdesaan dapat diidentifikasi dengan menggunakan data citra satelit melalui penilaian indeks vegetasi (No...

Considering the importance of connecting urbanization phenomena and vulnerability assessments, this paper aims to explore vulnerability assessment in three different city sizes in the northern coast of Central Java province of Indonesia. It compares the vulnerability levels of the three cities based on their sizes (that is, levels of urbanization)....

Food security issue remains a worldwide concern and discussed in the main point of Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) documents. Several problems threatening food security in addition to socioeconomic issue and the decline of agricultural land are the decrease of agricultural production caused by climate ch...

Demak regency is located in Central Java province is one of the districts affected by drought (BPBDs, 2015). Whereas Demak district was ranked as the fourth as an agricultural producer in Central Java province. In Law No. 26 In 2007, Demak included in the national strategic area (Kedungsepur), so it needs to be handled more in drought-related disas...

City’s development influenced by its natural resource, petroleum is one of them. Petroleum exploration and production activities become the trigger of city’s development which is accompanied by infrastructure and facilities provision, such as transportation access toward petroleum field location. It also provokes the migration activity where people...

em>Disaster is an event that suddenly or slowly occurs caused by human, nature, or even both. Disaster is not only related to the physical environment where disaster found but also to the livelihood of the community. Coastal rural is vulnerable to the coastal disaster such as flood and tidal flood due to their high dependency on the coastal resourc...

em>Disaster is an event that suddenly or slowly occurs caused by human, nature, or even both. Disaster is not only related to the physical environment where disaster found but also to the livelihood of the community. Coastal rural is vulnerable to the coastal disaster such as flood and tidal flood due to their high dependency on the coastal resourc...

Peatland in Indonesia is widely used for developing agriculture. Cultivate peatlands include marginal land into the productive agricultural land is not easy. Need special treatment to change the peatland into productive land for planting. Some transmigrants who are not able to survive to cultivate peat chose to leave their land and go back to the a...

Perkembangan suatu kota terjadi sebagai akibat dari pertumbuhan penduduk, aktivitas sosial, ekonomi, budaya serta adanya interaksi dengan kota lain di daerah sekitar. Suatu kota dengan segala aktivitas yang ada di dalamnya akan mengalami perkembangan dari waktu ke waktu. Seperti kota-kota lain, Kota Bima juga mengalami perkembangan sehingga mengaki...

This book consists of chapters that review concepts and theories to empirical evidences and case studies of cluster development in five Asian countries - Japan, Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand and Vietnam. It explores the dynamic of clustering in linking its potential and challenges to economic development, policy making, innovation and social networ...

The development of suburban areas of Malang City has developed an expansion of built-up areas between urban and suburban areas. There has been a great phenomenon that mostly occurs along the suburban areas where industrial activities took place. This study aims to determine what factors have influenced the land use change in the suburban areas of M...

The Indonesian archipelago that stretches from Sabang( Sumatra Islands ) to Merauke ( Papua Islands ) has a variety of abundant natural resources , one of which are West Java Province . Central Government through the Ministry of Public Works – Public Housing has allocated Rp 1 trillion in APBN 2013 (presidential directive allocation) for the road c...

div> The operation of section I of Semarang-Solo toll road provides alternative access to Semarang City from its hinterland, especially Ungaran Subdistrict. Improved accessibility from Semarang City to Ungaran has impacted to land use of the surrounding area. It can be seen from the increase in new built-up areas in Kalirejo as well as Sidomulyo Vi...

In this Global report, the issue of tenure security is addressed and assessed in several countries where government, civil society, the private sector and development cooperation initiatives have been implemented for decades. The selected case studies from fifteen (15) countries ensure not only a geographic balance but they also represent countries...

The progress in urbanization within downtown areas has been expanded to the surrounding areas (i.e. periphery). This has been considered by the changes of the land uses in two geographically different countries. These areas have experienced a phenomenon of space consumption due to the urban development, which eventually triggered the urban sprawl,...

Pertumbuhan penduduk di perkotaan yang semakin meningkat serta lahan yang terbatas membuat pembangunan Rumah Susun (Rusun) menjadi program andalan dalam pengentasan permukiman kumuh di kota. Hal ini lah yang juga dilakukan Pemerintah Kota Semarang dalam mengentaskan permukiman kumuh di Kelurahan Pekunden Kecamatan Semarang Tengah. Rusun Pekunden me...

p class="Abstract">Pertumbuhan penduduk yang tinggi menuntut pemerintah untuk menyediakan kebutuhan akan rumah yang layak huni dan terjangkau bagi seluruh lapisan masyarakat serta dilengkapi fasilitas pelayanan umum. Lokasi merupakan salah satu faktor penting dalam pemilihan rumah. Rumah yang berada di pusat kota memudahkan bagi penghuni untuk mela...

This research aims to assess the conversion of agricultural land in the Solo-Yogyakarta corridor of Klaten Regency (Kabupaten) during 1994-2013. It is important because the Solo-Yogyakarta arterial road in Kabupaten Klaten affects the land use of the surrounding area. This research has used spatial analysis methods, i.e. interpreting the Landsat an...

Representation of rapid urban growth followed by high rate of land conversion is clearly observed in the case of Semarang Metropolitan. Located in Java Island, this capital city has been performing as the largest urban area in the Central Java Province. This paper aims to examine urban growth pattern in Semarang Metropolitan by applying two main in...

Socioeconomic position in terms of development generally to see how big the level of well-being of an area where it can be seen from the potential and the resources therein. Bandar distrit is rural areas with geographical condition of the mountains and a good watering with is dominated by the agricultural sector (35% of the total areadistricts) can...