A list of some important medicinal plants with their medicinal uses from Himalayan State Uttarakhand, India

Abstract

Himalayan range has a rich heritage of knowledge on plant based therapy. Medicinal plants play major role in the livelihood from all over the world. Uttarakhand, a Himalayan state of India also depends on the medicinal plants for medicine and traditional therapy. The people from this state use plants for their primary health care system mainly depend on traditional knowledge of medical practices and medicinal herbs. Many of the previous studies on traditional medicine as scientific outputs having traditional claims of effectiveness which are helpful to manage various ailments. In this regards many native medicinal plants listed in article are significantly utilized by the locals, which was need to document. In this scenario we try to document some medicinal plants with their medicinal properties from this state.

Full text

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Journal of Medicinal Plants Studies 2019; 7(2): 106-116
ISSN (E): 2320-3862
ISSN (P): 2394-0530
NAAS Rating: 3.53
JMPS 2019; 7(2): 106-116
© 2019 JMPS
Received: 11-01-2019
Accepted: 13-02-2019
Tripuresh Dwivedi
a) Patanjali Herbal Research
Department, Patanjali Research
Institute, Haridwar,
Uttarakhand, India
b) Department of Applied
Medicinal Plants’ Sciences, Dev
Sanskriti Vishwavidyalaya,
Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
Chandra Kanta
a) Department of Botany, Doon
(PG.) College of Agriculture,
Sciences and Technology,
Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
b) Department of Biological
Sciences, College of Basic
Sciences and Humanities, G B P
U A & T, Pantnagar, U S Nagar,
Uttarakhand, India
Lalit Raj Singh
Department of Applied
Medicinal Plants’ Sciences, Dev
Sanskriti Vishwavidyalaya,
Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
Ishwar Prakash Sharma
a) Patanjali Herbal Research
Department, Patanjali Research
Institute, Haridwar,
Uttarakhand, India
b) Department of Biological
Sciences, College of Basic
Sciences and Humanities, G B P
U A & T, Pantnagar, U S Nagar,
Uttarakhand, India
Correspondence
Ishwar Prakash Sharma
a) Patanjali Herbal Research
Department, Patanjali Research
Institute, Haridwar,
Uttarakhand, India
b) Department of Biological
Sciences, College of Basic
Sciences and Humanities, G B P
U A & T, Pantnagar, U S Nagar,
Uttarakhand, India
A list of some important medicinal plants with
their medicinal uses from Himalayan State
Uttarakhand, India
Tripuresh Dwivedi, Chandra Kanta, Lalit Raj Singh and Ishwar Prakash
Sharma
Abstract
Himalayan range has a rich heritage of knowledge on plant based therapy. Medicinal plants play major
role in the livelihood from all over the world. Uttarakhand, a Himalayan state of India also depends on
the medicinal plants for medicine and traditional therapy. The people from this state use plants for their
primary health care system mainly depend on traditional knowledge of medical practices and medicinal
herbs. Many of the previous studies on traditional medicine as scientific outputs having traditional claims
of effectiveness which are helpful to manage various ailments. In this regards many native medicinal
plants listed in article are significantly utilized by the locals, which was need to document. In this
scenario we try to document some medicinal plants with their medicinal properties from this state.
Keywords: medicinal plants, traditional knowledge, tribal, Uttarakhand
Introduction
According to floral statistics of India 2017 hosted by Botanical Survey of India, Kolkata, West
Bengal, a total of 2,68,600 flowering plants worldwide among them 18,386 (6.84% of world)
exited in India. In India, approximately 3000 plants species are known to have their medicinal
properties [1], in another reports a total of 2500 plants are of traditional medicine among them
100 plants used regularly [2]. Traditional medical knowledge of plants not only useful for
conservation of biodiversity but also useful to healthcare and drug development. Himalaya is a
global biodiversity hotspot with much diversified geographical, ecological and evolutionary
factors for species diversity which support 18,440 species of plants of which 25.3% is of
endemic [3, 4]. The Indian state Uttarakhand located in Himalayan hotspot having a huge wild
diversity which occupies 17.3% of India’s total land area including 92.57% area under hills
and 7.43% under plains. Geographically it is located between 28o43'–31o27'N latitudes and
77o34'–81o02'E longitudes. In the border, river Tons separates it from Himachal Pradesh in the
north-west, river Kali separates it from Nepal in the east and greater Himalaya is the northern
boundary of the state and also the international border with China. About 1748 economically
important plants reported from Himalaya [4]. The people community mainly Bokshas, Tharus,
Bhotias, Van-gujjars, Marchchas, Tolchas, Jaunsaris, Koltas, Gangwal, Banw-rauat, etc. are
generally dependent on the wild flora for their own traditional system of therapy [2, 5]. Joshi et
al. [6] reported a total of 102 plant species from 48 families are of their ethno-medicinal uses
from the four district of the state namely Almora, Champawat, Bageshwar and Pithoragarh.
Adhikari et al. [7] examined the status and distribution pattern of medicinal plants in Wildlife
Institute of Dehradun, Uttarakhand and recorded 605 plants from 94 families. This article
based on previous studies on medicinal plants of Uttarakhand on this basis authors focused on
some important highlights of native medicinal plants which need to conservation and
cultivation because these plants are naturally grown in abundance and fast depleting can help
the natives to earn their livelihood to some extent. For future perspectives this study, will be
helpful to pharmacologist, phytochemist and researcher of this field. Therefore, this study is
aimed to manuscript and underlines the importance of traditional knowledge used for the
treatment of different diseases in the Himalayan state Uttarakhand, India.

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Journal of Medicinal Plants Studies
Table 1: A list of selected medicinal plants with their ethno-medicinal uses from Uttarakhand, India
Botanical Name
(Family)
Local name
Parts used
Ethno-medicinal Uses
Abelmoschus moschatus
Medik. Malvaceae
Jangali
bhindi
Root, Seed
Fresh roots with young plant of Bombax ceiba used in the treatment of leucorrhea
in female and sexual impotency in male [2]. Seeds are diuretic, aphrodisiac,
ophthalmic, cardiotonic, digestive, stomachic, constipating, carminative, stimulant,
antispasmodic, cardiac debility, cough, asthma, bronchitis, hyperdipsia, burning
sensation, nausea, dyspepsia, flatulent colic, diarrhea, strangury, gonorrhea,
spermatorrhea, calculi, halitosis, ptyalism, vomiting and other neural disorders,
leukoderma, and general debility [8, 9].
Acorus calamus L.
(Acoraceae)
Baj
Root
Headache [10]; Anti-bacterial, anti-helmintic [11]; Fever, asthma, bronchitis, cough,
digestive problems (gas, bloating, colic) [12].
Adenostemma lavenia
(L.) Kuntze Asteraceae
Jangli-jira
Flower,
Leaf
Flowers used for increasing saliva so useful in treatment of mouth dryness [2].
Leaves paste use in wound healing [13].
Aegle marmelos (L.)
Corrêa (Rutaceae)
Bel
Fruit, Root
Astringent, antidiarrheal, antidysentric, demulcent, antipyretic, laxative [10, 14, 15].
Aesculus indica (Wall. ex
Cambess.) Hook.
(Sapindaceae)
Panker
Fruit
Rheumatism (warm paste applies on affected part) [10, 16].
Ageratum conyzoides L.
Asteraceae
Goatweed
Leaf
Leaves paste is very useful in wound healing [2], treatment of leprosy, diarrhea,
dysentery, intestinal colic, rheumatism, fever [17].
Allium cepa L.
(Amaryllidaceae)
Pyaj
Bulb
Roasted warm bulb is eaten in abdominal pain and skin diseases [10] and also used
in malaria, diarrhea, wounds with antimicrobial, antioxidant properties [18].
Amelanchier canadensis
(L.) Medik. Rosaceae
Indian wild
pear
Fruit
The juice of the ripe fruit is used in the treatment of diarrhea [19, 20].
Anaphalis triplinervis
Sims ex C.B. Clarke
(Asteracese)
Bakal
Leaf
Used in wounds and skin diseases [10] important in flu, fever, nausea and eye
infections [21].
Anisomeles indica (L.)
Kuntze Lamiaceae
Catmint
Leaf
Fresh leaves as well as greenish parts contain volatile oil used in treatment of
cough and cold [2], chronic rheumatism, psoriasis, snake bites [22].
Asparagus curillus
Buch.-Ham. ex Roxb.
(Asparagaceae)
Safed Musli
Root
Root powder is administered as sexual tonic [10] along with dysuria, diabetes and
dysentery [23].
Asparagus racemosus
Willd. (Asparagaceae)
Satawari
kairua,
Katerwali vel
Root,
Rhizome
Root powder administered orally as aphrodisiac [10]; also used in stomachache,
urinary disorders, Nervous disorders, inflammation, liver diseases, infectious
diseases [24, 25], ulcers, cancer [26].
Berberis aristata DC.
(Berberidaceae)
Kambal
Root
Root extract used in eye diseases, diarrhea, jaundice, skin diseases, syphilis,
chronic rheumatism, urinary disorders [10, 27], diabetes, jaundice and Gastro
intestinal problem [28].
Berberis chitria Buch.-
Ham. ex Lindl.
(Berberidaceae)
Kilmorha
Root
Root extract is very useful in higher fever, jaundice, diabetes, stomach disorders,
rheumatism, eye, ear and skin disease [10, 29].
Bergenia ciliata (Haw.)
Sternb. (Saxifragaceae)
Sirparha
Root
Root powder is very useful in kidney stones and ulcers [10, 28, 30].
Boenninghausenia
albiflora (Hook.) Rchb.
ex Meisn. (Rutaceae)
Pissumar
Whole
plant
External application of whole plant juice cure headache and eyes pain [10]; also
shows various effects as hepatoprotective, antioxidative, anti-inflammatory and
immunomodulating [31].
Boerhavia diffusa L.
(Nyctaginaceae)
Punarnava
Root
Juice of fresh roots is used as eye drops [10]; very useful tonic to liver problem,
jaundice, asthma with antimicrobial activity [32, 33].
Bombax ceiba L.
(Malvaceae)
Saimul
Leaf, Root
Leaves paste applies over wounds with good property of pain killer and improve
gynecological disorders [10, 34]. The formulation of root with leaves of Dalbergia
sissoo is used in sexual impotency [2].
Boswellia serrata Roxb.
(Burseraceae)
Sallai
Bark
Hot decoction of bark used in wound [10], chronic inflammatory diseases [35];
diarrhea [36].
Buchanania
cochinchinensis (Lour.)
M.R. Almeida
(Anacardiacea)
Achar
Leaf
Very effective in dental pain when gargle the juice twice daily [10]; asthma [37];
cancer [38].
Butea monosperma
(Lam.). Kuntze Fabaceae
Dhak, Palash
Flower,
Gum
The flower extract with water useful in gastritis [2]. Gum from bark known as
Bengal Kino useful in treatment of ulcer, diarrhea, antioxidative, anti-
inflammatory, hepatoprotective and anti-cancer activities [39].
Byttneria herbacea Roxb.
(Malvaceae)
Kamraj
Root
Root paste used in fever and leucorrhoea [10].
Cajanus scarabaeoides
(L.) Thouars (Fabaceae)
Chowkhara
Leaf
Crushed or rubbed leaves applied in throat disease, chewed in tonsillitis [10];
Heptoprotective and immense medicinal potential [40, 41].
Callicarpa macrophylla
Vahl.
(Lamiaceae)
Daya
Fruit
Very helpful in urinary disorders, skin problem, diarrhea, defecation and hair care
(10, 42, 43].
Calotropis gigantea (L.)
W.T. Aiton
(Apocynaceae)
Aak
Leaf
Warmed fresh leaves used in wound, toothache, earache, epilepsy, diarrhea and
mental disorders [10, 44].

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Journal of Medicinal Plants Studies
Carissa spinarum L.
(Apocynaceae)
Karunda
Root
Used in rheumatism, having strong purgative property so used as one of the
ingredients in some purgative preparations [20, 45].
Celastrus paniculatus
Willd. (Celastraceae)
Malkangani
Fruit, Seed
Boiled solution of fruits and seeds with oil use in piles, gout, rheumatism, cold,
dysentry, diarrhoea, leprosy, snake bite, wound, anti-spasmodic, carminative and
antihelmintic properties and also used for treatment of epilepsy, mental ailments,
chronic diarrhea, dysentery, bronchial catarrh, intermittent fevers and tumors [46];
pneumonia [47]; leucorrhoea [48].
Cleome viscosa L.
(Cleomaceae)
Kumkum
Leaf
Leave’s juice very useful to ear diseases [10]; anthelmintic, antiseptic, carminative,
antiscorbutic, sudorific, febrifuge, and cardiac problems [49].
Commelina
benghalensis L.
Commelinaceae
Kanchara
Leaf
Paste of leaves used for curing swelling as honeybee biting [2].
Commelina paludosa
Blume Commelinaceae
Kankowa
Whole
plant
Decoction of plants with water used in treatment of sexual impotency [2].
Cordia myxa L.
Boraginaceae
Lasura
Fruit
Fruit are very useful in common cold and cough [2].
Corylus colurna L.
(Betulaceae)
Bhotia badam
Nut
Direct use of nut or its tonic use as diuretic, aphrodisiac [50].
Cydonia oblonga Mill.
(Rosaceae)
Bihi
Leaf, Seed
Leaves having phenolic compounds as antioxidants properties, Vit-E, carotenoids,
L-ascorbic acid and other organic acids [51, 52]; in folk medicine for their sedative,
antipyretic, anti-diarrheic and antitussive properties along with treatment of various
skin diseases [53, 54]. Seeds used in diarrhea, dysentery, cough, sore throat and
bronchitis [55], intestinal colic and constipation [56] and also used for allergic rhinitis
and asthma [20, 57].
Datura metel L.
(Solanaceae)
Dhatur
Leaf
Boil and warm leaves used in affected part for antibiotics, antibacterial,
antimicrobial activity [10, 58].
Datura stramonium L.
(Solanaceae)
Dhatura
Flower
Flower’s juice used in earache [10] having analgesic and antiasthmatic activities [59].
Dicliptera bupleuroides
Nees (Acanthaceae)
Soriul
Seed, Leaf
Decoction of seeds and leaves with water very useful in dysentery [10]; respiratory
and urinary tract infections, digestive disorders, sexual problems, skin diseases,
liver ailments, wound healing, blood vomiting, malaria, piles, epilepsy, jaundice,
gummosis, round worms, hepatitis [60].
Drimia indica (Roxb.)
Jessop (Asparagaceae)
Banpyaja
Bulb
Juice of bulb is used in cough, bronchitis, nematode infection, pyrexia [10] dropsy,
respiratory ailment, bone and joint complications, skin disorders, epilepsy and
cancer [61].
Euonymus tingens Wall.
(Celastraceae)
Kusum
Whole
plant
The powder mixture of 10gm with opium seeds (10gm), almond (5gm), kali mirch
(5gm) and bansh mishri (10gm) used orally in kidney stone and eye diseases [10, 62].
Ficus auriculata Lour.
(Moraceae)
Timil
Whole
plant
Gastrointestinal problems treated by using 50-100ml fresh leaves juice when used
regularly upto 10 days [63]. Bark and root show hypoglycemic and anthelmintic
activity [64, 65]. Fruit extracts exhibits anti-tumour activity [20, 66].
Ficus auriculata Lour.
Moraceae
Timul, Timil
Whole
plant
Gastrointestinal problems treated by using 50-100 ml fresh juice of leaves with
water for about 10 days [63]. Bark and root show hypoglycaemic and anthelmintic
activity [64, 65]. The extract inhibits insulinase activity from liver and kidney. Fruit
extracts exhibits anti-tumour activity [66]. Leaves exhibit hypotensive activity [20, 67].
Ficus benghalensis
L.
Moraceae
Bargad
Fruit, Bark
The milky latex of fruit with sugar used in treatment of sexual impotency [2]. Leaf,
fruit, bark are useful in central nervous system, endocrine system, gastrointestinal
tract, reproductive system, respiratory system and infectious disorders [68].
Ficus palmata Forssk.
(Moraceae)
Bedu
Friut
Fruits are beneficial in lung and bladder diseases. Along with these are good source
of minerals, phosphorus and a small amount of Vit. C [69]; the latex is useful in
wound healing [28].
Geranium wallichianum
D.Don ex Sweet
(Geraniaceae)
Laljari
Root
Root extract useful in backache, gout, bone strengthening, hepatitis, liver problems,
premature delivery [30, 70].
Glycosmis pentaphylla
(Retz.) DC. Rutaceae
Ban Nimbu
Seed
Seeds of plant used in curing of vomiting [2].
Grevillea robusta
A. Cunn. ex R.Br.
Proteaceae
Silver Oak
Leaf
Paste of fresh leaves with vegetable ghee and coconut oil very useful in burning
and burning sensation [2].
Gymnema sylvestre
(Retz.) R.Br. ex Sm.
(Apocynaceae)
Aphe
Leaf
Boiled leaves with til-oil when applied externally 3-4 drops twice per day used for
eyes to reduce pain. Direct use of milky juice from crushed fresh leaves when
applied once daily for 3 day also helpful in eye problems [10] along with
antidiabetic properties [71].
Gymnosporia spinosa
(Blanco) Merr. & Rolfe
(Celastraceae)
Vaikal
Leaf
Paste of leaves useful in Bala-shosha (a condition in which child is emaciated)
when applied and rubbed on back [10].
Hedychium spicatum Sm.
(Zingiberaceae)
Kapurkachari
Root
Root powder is very useful in neuro muscular disorders and body pain along with
anticancerous and antimicrobial activities [10, 72].
Helicteres isora L.
(Malvaceae)
Atanda
Root
Orally use of crushed roots used in excessive appetite, empema and stomachic [10,
73]; having antioxidant and anticancer properties [74].
Holarrhena pubescens
Wall. ex G.Don
Dhodhi
Latex
Useful in ring worm when latex applied on affected part [10] also useful in
constipation, colic, and diarrhea [75].

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Journal of Medicinal Plants Studies
(Apocynaceae)
Hydrocotyle
sibthorpioides Lam.
(Araliaceae)
Brahmni
Leaf
Leaf juice is administered orally in Manasdaurbalya (mental disorder) [10]; also
used in various problems as dysentry, diarrhoea, piles, rheumatism, digestive,
diuretic, vermifuge, menstrual problem [76].
Hygrophila auriculata
(Schumach.) Heine
(Acanthaceae)
Talmakhana
Seed
Root is used for rheumatism, inflammation, jaundice, hepatic obstruction, pain [77];
whole plant extract used in treatment of urinary infection, gout, hepatic obstruction
and as a diuretic [78].
Hypericum japonicum
Thunb.
(Hypericaceae)
Chhingewali
Whole
plant
Plant powder is used as snuff for nose disease [10]; along with hepatoprotective
activity, protecting liver injury and hepatotoxicity [79].
Jacobaea nudicaulis
(Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don)
B.Nord.
(Asteraceae)
Nil kanthi,
Ratpatia
Whole
plant
Plant juice applied in eye diseases, wound, fever and some skin diseases [10, 62].
Juniperus communis L.
(Cupressaceae)
Hapusha
Green
wood
Excessive appetite and smoke of green wood is used in tuberculosis and respiratory
disease [10, 80]; along with antioxidant and antimicrobial activities [81].
Justicia adhatoda L.
(Acanthaceae)
Bhasma
Leaf,
Flower
Juice of leaves and flowers used in cough, fever, coryza, respiratory problems [10, 82,
83].
Kalanchoe pinnata
(Lam.) Pers.
(Crassulaceae)
Sanjwanboata
Leaf
Paste of leaves is used over wounds for healing [10].
Lablab purpureus (L.)
Sweet
(Fabaceae)
Chimi
Whole
plant
Fresh juice is dropped in earache [10] and used as antidiabetic, antiinflammatory,
analgesic, antioxidant, cytotoxic, hypolipidemic, antimicrobial, insecticidal,
hepatoprotective, antilithiatic, antispasmodic [84].
Lannea coromandelica
(Houtt.) Merr.
(Anacardiaceae)
Gunjhinganj
Bark
Paste of bark is applied on cuts to stop bleeding and wound healing [10]; while juice
use in jaundice and liver pain [85, 86].
Leucas cephalotes (Roth)
Spreng.
(Lamiaceae)
Guma
Whole
plant
Orally use of whole plant used in fever and decoction [10]; Asthma, cough [87].
Lilium polyphyllum
D.Don (Liliaceae)
Kakoli
Root
Tonic and decoction of root used as refrigerant, galactagogue, expectorant,
aphrodisiac, diuretic, antipyretic and tonic [8, 88].
Litsea glutinosa (Lour.)
C.B. Rob. Lauraceae
Maida
Bark
The bark is used to relieve pain, arouse sexual power, produce a soothing effect on
the body and arrest bleeding. Bark paste is applied to bind fractured limbs [2, 89].
Melia azedarach L.
(Meliaceae)
Dekrain
Root
Paste of root is applied in headache [10]; it has also various activities as
anthelmintic, antilithic diuretic, astringent, stomachic, anticancer, antimalarial,
analgesic, anti-inflammatory activities [90].
Mentha longifolia (L.) L.
(Lamiaceae)
Pipermint
Leaf
Juice or powder of leaves uses in common fever, coryza, rheumatism, dysentery,
Dyspepsia [10, 91].
Micromeria biflora
(Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don)
Benth. (Lamiaceae)
Masipatha
Whole
plant
Whole plant is administered orally with milk to control fever, Sciatica, arthritis,
skin disease [10, 92].
Mimosa rubicaulis Lam.
(Fabaceae)
Shikanta
Leaf
Leaf paste used in skin disease when applied directly on affected part [10]; along
with various other problems as bronchitis, cholera, cough, dyspepsia, fever,
jaundice, smallpox, syphilis and tuberculosis [55].
Morella esculenta
(Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don)
I.M.Turner
(Myricaceae)
Kafal, Kaphal
Fruit, Bark
Specified decoctions of fruit, stone and bark are claimed to be beneficial in cardiac
debility, edema and hemoptysis; wax from fruit covering used for ulcer healing [93-
96]; along with anti-inflammatory activity and anti tumour activities [97].
Morina longifolia Wall.
ex DC. (Caprifoliaceae)
Vishkanya
Whole
plant
Oral administration of plant use for wound healing along with various activities as
antimicrobial, cytotoxic, antiulcer, hypoglycemic and hypotensive [10, 98].
Nyctanthes arbor-tristis
L. (Oleaceae)
Siyari
Leaf
Juice of leaves is applied on affected part to cure skin diseases [10]; along with
immunotoxic, antiallergic, antihistaminic, purgative, antibacterial and cytotoxicity,
antipyretic and ulerogenic, anti -Inflammatory activity [99].
Origanum vulgare L.
(Lamiaceae)
Vantulsi
Whole
plant
Urinary disorder can be cure by oral decoction of whole plant [10]; various activities
as antifungal [100] and anti-hyperglycemic activity [101] also reported.
Oxalis corniculata L.
(Oxalidaceae)
Chilmora,
Salmosi
Whole
plant
Juice of plant is used to cure various eye diseases such as motiabinda [10]; along
with it used in bacterial diseases, dysentery, diarrhea, skin disease [102].
Phyllanthus emblica L.
(Phyllanthaceae)
Amla
Whole
plant
Fruit are rich in polyphenols, minerals and regarded as one of the richest source of
Vit. C [103]. Therapeutically it has energy refilling potential, aperient, antibacterial,
antifungal, antiviral activities [104], along with gonorrhea, analgesic and skin
fairness [93] and to stop nausea and vomiting, antitumour and hepatoprotective
activity [20, 104].
Piper longum L.
(Piperaceae)
Pippali
Fruit
Powder of fruits is administered orally to cure cough, respiratory tract bronchitis,
asthma, analgesic, muscular pains, inflammation, hematinic, carminative [10, 105].
Plantago major L.
(Plantaginaceae)
Isabgol
Seed
Seed powder is useful in dysentery, wound healing, anti-inflammation, analgesic,
antioxidant, antiulcer genic activity [10, 106].
Pleurolobus gangeticus
(L.) J.St.-Hil. (Fabaceae)
Salparni
Leaf
Paste of fresh leaves is applied on affected part for wound healing and used for
toothache, chest pains, fungal infections [10, 107].
Plumbago zeylanica L.
(Plumbaginaceae)
Chitavar
Root, Fruit
Paste of root and fruit is applied on affected part for wound healing [10] and also
having anti-atherogenic, cardiotonic, hepatoprotective and neuroprotective

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Journal of Medicinal Plants Studies
properties [108]; very useful to rheumatic pain, dysmenorrhea, carbuncles, contusion
of the extremities, ulcers and elimination of intestinal parasites [109].
Polygonatum cirrhifolium
(Wall.) Royle
(Asparagaceae)
Mahameda
Root
Tonic and root powder is administered orally as anti-inflammatory, analgesic,
antidiarrheal, antimicrobial, antioxidant and antimalarial [10, 110].
Polygonatum
verticillatum (L.) All.
(Asparagaceae)
Meda
Rhizome
Tonic and powder of rhizomes is administered orally as aphrodisiac, emollient,
cardio tonic, carminative, sialagogue, stimulant [10, 111].
Prunus armeniaca L.
(Rosaceae)
Khubani
Fruit
The fruit having high in carotene and Vit. C, provides a valuable source of food.
The amygdalin a chemical extracted from apricot kernels used as an alternative
treatment for cancer [112] along with having antioxidant and antimicrobial
properties [113].
Punica granatum L.
(Lythraceae)
Dadim
Fruit
Fruit is very useful to worm infestation with antimicrobial, antioxidant, anticancer,
anti-inflammatory and anti-cancerous activities [10, 114].
Pyracantha crenulata
(D.Don) M.Roem.
(Rosaceae)
Ghigharu
Fruit, Bark
Fruits used as preservative. Medicinally it has cardio-tonic, coronary vasodilator
and hypertensive properties and used in cardiac failure, myocardial weakness,
paroxysmal tachycardia, hypertension, arteriosclerosis and Burgor’s disease.
Rejuvenation property, reduce joint pains. The bark used in heavy bleeding during
menstrual cycles, malarial fever [20, 115, 116).
Ribes nigrum L.
(Grossulariaceae)
Blackcurrant
Leaf
The extracted oil and juice useful as an antioxidant source and in treating
rheumatoid arthritis and night and fatigue-related visual impairment, antimicrobial
and anticancer [20, 117, 118].
Ricinus communis L.
(Euphorbiaceae)
Ein
Leaf
Warm fresh leaves are smeared and applied on affected part for wound healing
with antimicrobial, toxicological and anti-inflammatory activity [10, 119].
Rosa canina L.
(Rosaceae)
Dog Rose
Leaf, Fruit
The plant has high antioxidants and vit-C level, used to make syrup, tea and
marmalade. The fruits have been used internally as tea for treatment of viral
infections and disorders of the kidneys and urinary tract [20, 120, 121).
Rosa moschata Herrm.
(Rosaceae)
Kunja
Leaf
Leaves juice is used as nasal drops to control hemorrhage [10]; useful to control
stomach disorder [122, 123].
Roylea cinerea (D.Don)
Baill. (Fabaceae)
Kaural
Leaf
Fresh leaves juice is useful in diabetes, mouth discases and throat diseases [10];
including antioxidant and antimicrobial activities [124] to provide strength to liver
and protect skin from infection [125].
Rubus ellipticus Sm.
(Rosaceae)
Lalanchu
Fruit
It has good antioxidant properties to providing free energy for the people who are
travelling mountains [19, 126].
Rumex hastatus D. Don
(Polygonaceae)
Amloraha
Root, Leaf
Uses in decoction when administered orally for skin diseases, leaf juice is good for
abdominal colic [10] including Antioxidant and anticholinesterase [127] and anti-
tuberculosis properties [128].
Rumex nepalensis
Spreng. (Polygonaceae)
Jangali palak
Leaf
Juice or powder of leaves is useful in abdominal colic and skin diseases [10] with
wound healing and anti-allergic properties [28].
Rumex vesicarius L.
(Polygonaceae)
Chalmora
Leaf
Leaves are good source of antioxidants with good antibacterial properties [129, 130].
Satyrium nepalense
D.Don (Orchidaceae)
Mishri
Root
Energetic tonic from roots cure various fever including antibacterial, anti-
pneumonia properties [131].
Sida cordifolia L.
(Malvaceae)
Denusha
Root, Bark
Tonic of stem bark and root powder is given in general debility as stomatitis,
blenorrhea, asthmatic bronchitis, nasal congestion [132].
Smilax aspera L.
(Smilacaceae)
Kukundara
Root
Paste of root is given orally with water to control diarrhea [10, 133].
Solanum lasiocarpum
Dunal (Solanaceae)
Chitrika
Leaf, Root
Seven leaves are to be placed on the head during sleeping and this process is to be
continued for three nights to control fever and decoction of root is administered
orally [10].
Solanum nigrum L.
Solanaceae
Black
Nightshade
Whole
plant
It has expectorant, analgesic, sedative, diaphoretic properties. Its external
application cures skin diseases and gives relief in burns, itching, pain etc. Leaves
juice used in earache [20, 134-138].
Solanum violaceum
Ortega (Solanaceae)
Brahati
Fruit
Four ripe fruits are taken orally at a time to control cough [10] along with various
properties such as hypertension, poisonous, insect bites [139].
Solena heterophylla
Lour. (Cucurbitaceae)
Gulakhari
Tuber
Tubers are eaten as vegetables to control hiccough, asthma, nausea and incisions;
useful to control malaria, diabetes, toothache and various disorders as
gastrointestinal, respiratory and vascular disorders [140].
Swertia chirayita (Roxb.)
H.Karst. (Gentianaceae)
Chirata
Whole
plant
Decoction of whole plant is administered orally to control fever, skin disease,
dyspepsia, diarrhea with antipyretic, antifungal, hypoglycemic properties [44, 141,
168].
Syzygium cumini (L.)
Skeels Myrtaceae
Jamun
Bark
Bark extract useful diabetes [2], sore throat, bronchitis, asthma, thirst, biliousness,
dysentery and ulcers [142].
Terminalia arjuna (Roxb.
ex DC.) Wight & Arn.
Combretaceae
Arjun
Bark
Bark is very useful to treatment of pneumonia [2], fractures, ulcers, hepatic and
shows hypocholesterolemic, antibacterial, antimicrobial, antitumoral, antioxidant,
antiallergic and antifeedant, antifertility and anti-HIV activities [143, 144].
Thymus serpyllum L.
(Lamiaceae)
Van Ajwain
Leaf
Leaves used as spice to control dyspepsia [10].
Trapa natans var.
bispinosa (Roxb.)
Makino (Lythraceae)
Singhara
Nut
Nuts are very useful in diarrhea, dysentery, cardiac diseases, blood pressure with
having antimicrobial, cytotoxic activities [145].

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Journal of Medicinal Plants Studies
Urena lobata L.
(Malvaceae)
Bara Mamas
Whole
plant
Tonic and paste of whole plant is administered orally with milk to control urinary
problems and sexual transmitted diseases [146].
Urtica ardens Link
(Urticaceae)
Shishuna
Leaf
Leaves are useful in bone fracturing, cough, cold, digestive problems, fever,
headache, skin infection [147].
Vachellia nilotica (L.)
P.J.H.Hurter & Mabb.
Fabaceae
Babul
Whole
plant
Leaves have chemoprventive, anitmutagenic, anti-bacterial, anticancer, astringent,
anti-microbial, anti-ulcers, anti-inflammatory activities [148, 149]. The roots are used
in cancers, tuberculosis and indurations of liver and spleen [48]. Bark is very useful
as antibacterial, antioxidant, anti-mutagenic, cytotoxic, astringent, acrid cooling,
styptic, emollient, anthelmintic, aphrodisiac, diuretic, expectorant, emetic,
nutritive, in hemorrhage, wound ulcers, leprosy, leucoderma, small pox, skin
diseases, biliousness, burning sensation, toothache, leucoderma, dysentery and
seminal weakness [48,150-155].
Verbascum thapsus L.
(Scrophulariaceae)
Kalber
Leaf
Boiled leaves are applied over inflamed parts to cure headache, inflammatory
diseases [10]; also used to control asthma, spasmodic coughs, diarrhea, Pulmonary
problems [156].
Vigna mungo (L.)
Hepper (Fabaceae)
Urad dal
Fruit
Paste of fruits applied over fractured bone to join [10]; also helpful to control
urinary tract infections, sexually transmitted diseases [85, 157].
Vitex negundo L.
(Lamiaceae)
Nirgundi
Leaf
A syrup of leaves with rice and water given orally to treat gonorrhea [10] along with
anti-inflammatory, anticonvulsant, antioxidant, bronchial relaxant,
hepatoprotective properties [158].
Vitis vulpina L.
(Vitaceae)
Jungle
Angoor
Leaf
Fruit
Unripe grapes used for treating sore throats; raisins useful to control tuberculosis
while ripe grapes used for the tratment of cancer, cholera, smallpox, nausea, skin &
eye infections, kidney & liver diseases [20, 159-161].
Zanthoxylum armatum
DC. (Rutaceae)
Timur
Leaf
Regular use of leaves’ Pakora up to 3-4 days very useful to control allergy with
carminative, stomachic, anthelmintic activities [10, 162].
Ziziphus jujuba Mill.
(Ramanaceae)
Ber
Whole
plant
Delicious fruits used to increase weight, stamina, improves muscular and liver
strength along with diuretic, emollient and expectorant properties. Dried fruits
useful as anticancer, pectoral, refrigerant, sedative, stomachache, blood purifier.
Seeds are used internally in the treatment of palpitations, insomnia, nervous
exhaustion, night sweats and excessive perspiration A decoction of the root has
been used in the treatment of fever, wound and ulcer treatment. The leaves are
applied in liver troubles, asthma and fever [20, 163].
Medicinal plants with their herbal uses
A total of 111 medicinal plants from the Himalayan Indian
state of Uttarakhand have been listed in table with their
medicinal properties. All botanical information of these plants
evaluated and confirm from the Plants of the World Online
database site.
Conclusion
Medicinal plants are the natural health care to the people.
Their primary cure of diseases is based upon deep observation
of nature and their understanding of traditional knowledge of
medical practices. Local people of Uttarakhand heavily use
these traditionally easily available medicinal plants for health
which are less expensive without side effects. The plants now
a days going to extinct due to development activities,
population explosion, impact of tourism, deforestation, etc.
which need to conserve for biodiversity, natural and local
aspect.
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