Irmgard Krisai-Greilhuber

University of Vienna | UniWien · Department of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany

Novel methods for sampling and characterizing biodiversity hold great promise for re-evaluating patterns of life across the planet. The sampling of airborne spores with a cyclone sampler, and the sequencing of their DNA, have been suggested as an efficient and well-calibrated tool for surveying fungal diversity across various environments. Here we...

Novel species of fungi described in this study include those from various countries as follows: Argentina, Neocamarosporium halophilum in leaf spots of Atriplex undulata. Australia, Aschersonia merianiae on scale insect (Coccoidea), Curvularia huamulaniae isolated from air, Hevansia mainiae on dead spider, Ophiocordyceps poecilometigena on Poecilom...

Novel species of fungi described in this study include those from various countries as follows: Argentina, Neocamarosporium halophilum in leaf spots of Atriplex undulata. Australia, Aschersonia merianiae on scale insect (Coccoidea), Curvularia huamulaniae isolated from air, Hevansia mainiae on dead spider, Ophiocordyceps poecilometigena on Poecilom...

Porcini mushrooms (Boletus sect. Boletus) have both economic and ecological importance. During this study, a specimen of the phenotypically complex species Boletus himalayensis was analyzed morphologically and molecular genetically. This bolete speciesis characterized bya combination of porcini features: whitish pileus margin and context, pore surf...

In this 9th contribution to the Fungal Systematics and Evolution series published by Sydowia, the authors formally describe 12 species: Bipolaris chusqueae from Chile (Pleosporales); Cortinarius anomalosimilis and C. brunneoviscidus from Canada and the USA, Inocybe nigroumbonata from Pakistan, Mycena amoena from the Netherlands, Tricholoma imbricat...

In a survey of xylarialean fungi in northern Iran, some specimens attributable to the genus Nemania were collected, cultured and sequenced. Morphological evidence and phylogenetic analyses of a combined ITS, LSU, RPB2 and TUB2 gene dataset confirmed the presence of Nemania diffusa and N. serpens in Iran for the first time. Furthermore, the new spec...

Unlabelled: Fungal invasions can have far-reaching consequences, and despite increasing relevance, fungi are notoriously underrepresented in invasion science. Here, we present the second annotated checklist for alien and cryptogenic fungi and oomycetes in Austria. This list contains 375 taxa of which 278 are classified as established; compared to...

Recent global warming affects species compositions at an unprecedented rate. To predict climate‐induced changes in species assemblages, a better understanding of the link between species occurrence and climate is needed. Macrofungal fruit body assemblages are correlated with the thermal environment at the European scale. However, it is still unknow...

Fungal species are not immune to the threats facing animals and plants and are thus also prone to extinction. Yet, until 2015, fungi were nearly absent on the IUCN Red List. Recent efforts to identify fungal species under threat have significantly increased the number of published fungal assessments. The 597 species of fungi published in the 2022-1...

Hygrophorus roseodiscoideus Bon & Chevassut is a poorly known species so far reported from Mediterranean Quercus ecosystems of western Europe. The lack of reference sequences for this species hampers its reliable identification by mycologists and fungal ecologists in the DNA era. We here fix this issue by epitypifying H. roseodiscoideus with a sequ...

The xylariaceous genus Dematophora has recently been resurrected and segregated from Rosellinia based on a molecular phylogeny and morphological characters. This was an important taxonomic change because Dematophora in the current sense contains several important pathogens, while Rosellinia is limited to mainly saprotrophic species that have an end...

A combined morphological and molecular genetic study of the European species within the /Rhombisporum clade of the genus Entoloma reveals a high species diversity. This group comprises typical grassland species with pronounced and well-differentiated cheilocystidia, and a wide range of spore shapes varying from rhomboid to five-angled. To fix the c...

A rare species, Coprinopsis alnivora, was previously known from the type collection in Washington State, USA. Afterward, 11 additional samples were collected from five new host trees at nine localities in Europe (Austria, Croatia, and Slovakia). The species indicated a preference for growth in cavities or wounds of living deciduous trees. Its mycel...

Keywords: Erysiphe akebiae, Peronospora vincae, Plasmopara muralis, Puccinia deutziae, Puccinia longicornis, Puccinia phyllostachydis, Uromyces sublevis, Austria, Germany, bamboo rust, neobiont, new records, matrices novae, Arthrocladiella mougeotii, first record Abstract: Some interesting records of plant parasitic microfungi of the Erysiphaceae,...

In this new series of Fungal Biodiversity Profiles, the authors provide descriptions for ten new taxa: Ilytheomyces uncinatus W. Rossi & M. Leonardi, sp. n ov. (Ascomycota, Laboulbeniales) and several B asidiomycota: in family Entolomataceae for E ntoloma aurantioalpinum Armada, Vila, Bellanger, N oordel., Krisai & Dima, sp. n ov. and E. nigroflave...

In this 8th contribution to the Fungal Systematics and Evolution series published by Sydowia, the authors formally describe 11 species: Cortinarius caryae, C. flavolilacinus, C. lilaceolamellatus, C. malodorus, C. olivaceolamellatus, C. quercophilus, C. violaceoflavescens, C. viridicarneus, Entoloma meridionale (Agaricales), Hortiboletus rupicapreu...

Four new leucine-derived cytochalasans, possessing a 5,6,5,8-ring (1) and a 5,6,11-ring core (2-4), were isolated from a cultivated endophytic fungus Xylaria sp. strain WH2D4 (Xylariaceae). This fungus was isolated from leaves of the neotropical tree species Palicourea elata (Sw.) Borhidi (Rubiaceae) collected in Costa Rica. The chemical structures...

In this 7th contribution to the Fungal Systematics and Evolution series published by Sydowia, the authors formally describe 14 species: Cantharomyces paschalis, Cryptandromyces pinguis, C. tricornis, Laboulbenia amblystomi (Laboulbeniales); Cortinarius squamosus, Entoloma brunneicoeruleum, E. callipygmaeum, E. minutigranulosum, E. perasprellum, E....

Abstract: Some interesting records of plant parasitic microfungi of the Oomycota, Synchytrium (Chytridiomycota), Erysiphaceae, Pucciniomycotina and Ustilaginomycotina collected in Germany and Austria are reported. Several records of the rust fungus Puccinia cynodontis on the aeciaand telia-hosts including the first record on Plantago lanceolata in...

Direct link to Sydowia web page (published as open access): http://www.sydowia.at/syd73/T20-Holec-2918.pdf --- Records of Polyporus tubaeformis are newly reported from the Czech Republic, Austria, Slovakia, and Ukraine. They originate from mountains at the elevation 750-1250 m a.s.l., namely Bohemian Forest, Northern Limestone Alps, Western and Eas...

A total of 561 records of 233 species of fungi are reported from the Polish part of Białowieża Forest as a result of a short-term inventory that was conducted during the 18th Congress of European Mycologists (September 18–29, 2019). Four species new to Poland ( Bryocentria brongniartii , Tremella coppinsii , T. hypocenomycis , and Zevadia peroccide...

Hypoxylon,a large, cosmopolitan genus of Ascomycota is in the focus of our current poly-thetic taxonomic studies, and served as an excellent source for bioactive secondary metabolites at the same time. The present work concerns a survey of the Hypoxylon fuscum species complex based on specimens from Iran and Europe by morphological studies and high...

Novel species of fungi described in this study include those from various countries as follows: Australia, Austroboletus asper on soil, Cylindromonium alloxyli on leaves of Alloxylon pinnatum, Davidhawksworthia quintiniae on leaves of Quintinia sieberi, Exophiala prostantherae on leaves of Prostanthera sp., Lactifluus lactiglaucus on soil, Linterom...

Fungal Systematics and Evolution (FUSE) is one of the journal series to address the “fusion” between morphological data and molecular phylogenetic data and to describe new fungal taxa and interesting observations. This paper is the 6th contribution in the FUSE series—presenting one new genus, twelve new species, twelve new country records, and thre...

Never before has the biosphere, the thin layer of life we call home, been under such intensive and urgent threat. Deforestation rates have soared as we have cleared land to feed ever-more people, global emissions are disrupting the climate system, new pathogens threaten our crops and our health, illegal trade has eradicated entire plant populations...

Plant and fungal biodiversity support all life on earth and merit careful stewardship in an increasingly uncertain environment. However, gaps and biases in documented extinction risks to plant and fungal species impede effective management. Formal extinction risk assessments help avoid extinctions, through engagement, financial or legal mechanisms,...

Kew’s State of the World’s Plants and Fungi project provides assessments of our current knowledge of the diversity of plants and fungi on Earth, the global threats that they face, and the policies to safeguard them. Produced in conjunction with an international scientific symposium, Kew’s State of the World’s Plants and Fungi sets an important inte...

Vor dem Hintergrund des alarmierend schlechten Zustands der Biodiversität bildete sich das Netzwerk Biodiversität Österreich. Aus dieser Initiative heraus schlossen sich Expert(inn)en und Wissenschaftler(innen) zu einem fachübergreifenden, transdisziplinären und unabhängigen Österreichischen Biodiversitätsrat zusammen. Ziel des Netzwerks ebenso wie...

During a survey of xylarialean fungi in Northern Iran, several specimens that showed affinities to the Hypoxylon rubiginosum complex were collected and cultured. A comparison of their morphological characters, combined with a chemotaxonomic study based on high performance liquid chromatography, coupled with diode array detection and mass spectromet...

Bandini D., Sesli E., Oertel B. & Krisai-Greilhuber I. (2020) Inocybe antoniniana, a new species of Inocybe section Marginatae with nodulose spores. – Sydowia 72: 95–106. Inocybe antoniniana, a new species of Inocybe section Marginatae is described in detail along with illustrations of its macro-and micromorphology. It is a nodulose-spored species...

Many plant and animal species are changing their latitudinal and/or altitudinal distributions in response to climate change, but whether fungi show similar changes is largely unknown. Here, we use historical fungal fruit body records from the European Alps to assess altitudinal changes in fungal fruiting between 1960 and 2010. We observe that many...

Thirteen new species are formally described: Cortinarius brunneocarpus from Pakistan, C. lilacinoarmillatus from India, Curvularia khuzestanica on Atriplex lentiformis from Iran, Gloeocantharellus neoechinosporus from China, Laboulbenia bernaliana on species of Apenes, Apristus, and Philophuga (Coleoptera, Carabidae) from Nicaragua and Panama, L. o...

p>Thermal melanism theory states that dark-colored ectotherm organisms are at an advantage at low temperature due to increased warming. This theory is generally supported for ectotherm animals, however, the function of colors in the fungal kingdom is largely unknown. Here, we test whether the color lightness of mushroom assemblages is related to cl...

Premise of the Study Fungal diversity (richness) trends at large scales are in urgent need of investigation, especially through novel situations that combine long‐term observational with environmental and remotely sensed open‐source data. Methods We modeled fungal richness, with collections‐based records of saprotrophic (decaying) and ectomycorrhi...

APPENDIX S3. Tukey's honest significant difference (HSD) for multiple comparisons in the types of dynamic land‐cover (ISAM‐HYDE), and whether there is a significant difference in ectomycorrhizal fungal diversity. The significant differences are shaded by values less than 0.05 (orange) or 0.01 (red).

APPENDIX S6. The full, initial model output during backward selection processing to predict species richness of saprotrophic fungi.

APPENDIX S4. Tukey's honest significant difference (HSD) for multiple comparisons in the types of dynamic land‐cover, and whether there is a significant difference in ectomycorrhizal fungal diversity. The significant differences are shaded by values less than 0.05 (orange) or 0.01 (red).

APPENDIX S10. The intermediate model output, with one covariate for each environmental group, for backward selection predicting species richness of ectomycorrhizal fungi.

APPENDIX S12. The patterns of the environmental covariate gradients of the data (shaded) are visible as used to predict richness (isolines) of saprotrophic fungi in central to northern Europe. All values are scaled. Lower values are lighter, grading to higher values that are darker.

APPENDIX S13. The patterns of the environmental covariate gradients of the data (shaded) are visible as used to predict richness (isolines) of ectomycorrhizal fungi in central to northern Europe. All values are scaled. Lower values are lighter, grading to higher values that are darker.

APPENDIX S1. Tukey's honest significant difference (HSD) for multiple comparisons in the types of dynamic land‐cover (ISAM‐HYDE), and whether there is a significant difference in saprotrophic fungal diversity. The significant differences are shaded by values less than 0.05 (orange) or 0.01 (red).

APPENDIX S5. Model specifications, as R script, used for model selection, for both forward and backward procedures. See Methods section for further information and details.

APPENDIX S8. Collinearity correlations, here including easting and northing, between the remaining covariates selected for the final consensus regression model, for saprotrophic fungi. See Methods for further details.

APPENDIX S2. Tukey's honest significant difference (HSD) for multiple comparisons in the types of static land‐cover (CLC3), and whether there is a significant difference in saprotrophic fungal diversity. The significant differences are shaded by values less than 0.05 (orange) or 0.01 (red).

APPENDIX S7. The intermediate model output, with one covariate for each environmental group, for backward selection predicting species richness of saprotrophic fungi.

APPENDIX S11. Collinearity correlations, here including easting and northing, between the remaining covariates selected for the final consensus regression model, for ectomycorrhizal fungi. See Methods for further details.

APPENDIX S14. The mean and range in each of the explanatory variables connected to the fruiting records, for the final consensus model for saprotrophic fungi, between each of the land‐use types of the dynamic (ISAM‐HYDE) variable. All variables are scaled.

APPENDIX S9. The full, initial model output for backward selection predicting species richness of ectomycorrhizal fungi.

APPENDIX S15. The mean and range in each of the explanatory variables connected to the fruiting records, for the final consensus model for ectomycorrhizal fungi, between each of the land‐use types of the dynamic (ISAM‐HYDE) variable. All variables are scaled.

New Austrian finds of the critically endangered Sarcodon fennicus are presented and illustrated. The determination was confirmed morphologically as well as genetically. Sarcodon fennicus differs from the recently described, very similar Mediterranean species S. amygdaliolens by slightly smaller spores and the habitat in montane coniferous forest....

Eight new species presented are Calostoma areolatum collected in Wuyishan National Park (China), Crinipellis bidens from Hubei Province (China), Lactifluus sainii from Himalayan India, Inocybe elata from Yunnan (China), Inocybe himalayensis from Pakistan. Specimens previously identified as Massalongia carnosa represent a new species, namely M. pata...

Kretzschmaria hedjaroudei and Kretzschmaria iranica are described as new species based on collections from dead wood in northern Iran and on evidence from morphology and molecular phylogenetic data. Kretzschmaria hedjaroudei is phylogenetically close to Kretzschmaria deusta, from which it differs in its stromatal morphology, ascospore size and the...

Novel species of fungi described in this study include those from various countries as follows: Angola, Gnomoniopsis angolensis and Pseudopithomyces angolensis on unknown host plants. Australia, Dothiora corym­ biae on Corymbia citriodora, Neoeucasphaeria eucalypti (incl. Neoeucasphaeria gen. nov.) on Eucalyptus sp., Fumagopsis stellae on Eucalyptu...

Aim Macroecological scales of species compositional trends are well documented for a variety of plant and animal groups, but remain sparse for fungi, despite their ecological importance in carbon and nutrient cycling. It is, thus, essential to understand the composition of fungal assemblages across broad geographical scales and the underlying drive...

Nomenclatural type definitions are one of the most important concepts in biological nomenclature. Being physical objects that can be re-studied by other researchers, types permanently link taxonomy (an artificial agreement to classify biological diversity) with nomenclature (an artificial agreement to name biological diversity). Two proposals to am...

Here we assess the impact of geographically dependent (latitude, longitude and altitude) changes in bioclimatic (temperature, precipitation and primary productivity) variability on fungal fruiting phenology across Europe. Two main nutritional guilds of fungi, saprotrophic and ectomycorrhizal, were further separated into spring and autumn fruiters....

Die Plattform Österreich forscht (www.citizen-science.at) wurde 2014 mit den Zielen gegründet, (1) Citizen Science Akteurinnen und Akteure in Österreich zu vernetzen, (2) einen möglichst umfassenden Überblick über Citizen Science Projekte in Österreich zu geben und (3) allgemein die Methodik Citizen Science wissenschaftlich weiter zu entwickeln.Vie...

The platform Österreich forscht (www.citizen-science.at) was founded in 2014 with the objectives of (1) connecting citizen science actors in Austria, (2) providing the broadest possible overview of citizen science projects in Austria, and (3) scientifically advancing citizen science as a method.Following the initiative of the platform Österreich fo...

Taxonomy is a scientific discipline that has provided the universal naming and classification system of biodiversity for centuries and continues effectively to accommodate new knowledge. A recent publication by Garnett and Christidis [1] expressed concerns regarding the difficulty that taxonomic changes represent for conservation efforts and propos...

Zusammenfassung: Einige seltene Pilze, die für Österreich neu registriert wurden, werden vorgestellt: Chloroscypha alutipes, Clavaria flavostellifera, Clavaria greletii, Coprinus levisticolens und Musumecia bettlachensis. Ein Wiederfund der sehr seltenen Art Pseudoplectania episphagnum wird erläutert. Zwei weitere bemerkenswerte Funde, Ganoderma va...

The present study introduces seven new species, one new combination, one new variety and several interesting taxonomical notes and/or geographical records. Most of the new taxa are Ascomycetes, but the study also includes a new variety of a Basidiomycete. Novel species include Gyromitra khanspurensis (Discinaceae, Pezizales, Pezizomycetes) from Pak...

Die in der Steiermark festgestellten Großpilzarten werden als Verzeichnis mit inkludierter Roter Liste präsentiert. Die Auflistung basiert auf den Inhalten der Datenbank der Pilze Österreichs. Insgesamt enthält das Verzeichnis 2942 Arten (inkl. Varietäten und Formen), von denen 1180 in die Rote Liste aufgenommen wurden. Dies entspricht einem Anteil...

The book is written in German. Teil 1. Makromyzeten. Zusammenfassung Dieses Buch ist ein Verzeichnis aller in Österreich bisher festgestellten Basidienpilze (Basidiomycota) mit Ausnahme der Rost- und Brandpilze und zudem der Becherpilze (Pezizales) aus der Abteilung der Schlauchpilze (Ascomycota). Diese Pilzgruppen bilden mit freiem Auge gut sicht...

Species occurrence observations are increasingly available for scientific analyses through citizen science projects and digitization of museum records, representing a largely untapped ecological resource. When combined with open-source data, there is unparalleled potential for understanding many aspects of the ecology and biogeography of organisms....

Psilocybe serbica var. bohemica was observed in Austria in the federal state of Carinthia, on the northern outskirts of Klagenfurt. In November 2015 and 2016, basidiomata grew on the edge of a mixed forest (beech, spruce, pine) in the litter layer and on rotten wood. Their affiliation to the species P. serbica was confirmed by the ITS sequence. The...

A qualitative and quantitative ethnomycological study was conducted in summer 2015, to investigate the knowledge about mushrooms, as well as the collecting behaviour, of the population of the Waldviertel. The region is located in the northwest of Lower Austria. Altogether 98 participants completed an online-questionnaire concerning mushrooms. Three...

Mushrooms have a special position in many cultures where they are used as food, medicine, handicrafts, have special cultural significance as symbols or in rituals and are a motivation for forest recreation. However, there is also a dark side to mushrooms which are also associated with poisoning, decay and death. This dichotomy is reflected in the s...

Recently created new names for various genera of Boletaceae achieved by morphological and/or molecular character evaluation and related recombination of species also requires the inclusion of subordinate taxa. Many of them were also found in Austria and therefore are proposed here.

The occurrence of fungi in caves and cellars was mentioned and illustrated by Ulisse Aldrovandi as early as 1667. Records increased significantly in the 20th century all over the world. Currently there are more than 1000 species known to occur in caves, of which 95 have been recorded in Austria. Macro- and microfungi of all major taxonomic groups (...

Despite the critical importance of fungi as symbionts with plants, resources for animals, and drivers of ecosystem function, the spatiotemporal distributions of fungi remain poorly understood. The belowground life cycle of fungi makes it difficult to assess spatial patterns and dynamic processes even with recent molecular techniques. Here we offer...

Abstract: Herbarium material of Daedaleopsis confragosa, D. tricolor and D. nitida collected in different regions of Austria, Hungary, Italy and France was molecularly analysed. Species boundaries were tested by sequencing the fungal barcoding region ITS rDNA. The results confirm that Daedaleopsis confragosa and D. tricolor cannot be separated on s...

KAPITEL1 … In diesem Sinne widmen wir Euch, liebe Jugendliche, diesen Band. Unsere Natur ist cool, ist es wert, entdeckt zu werden und bedeutet nicht zuletzt Zukunft: Lebensgrundlage für Euch und Eure Kinder. (H. Wölger | Direktion des Nationalparks Gesäuse) Deshalb stürzt Euch in das »Abenteuer Forschung« > klettert mit Leo Hollinger die Buchstein...

Crepidotus malachioides was described based on Ukrainian material in 2008. It is similar to some other Crepidotus species in having globose to subglobose spores with a truncate-baculate surface, but is unique by its hymenidermic pileipellis structure with capitate pileocystidia. A detailed description along with illustrations of basidiomata and mic...

Reconciling traditional classifications, morphology, and the phylogenetic relationships of brown-spored agaric mushrooms has proven difficult in many groups, due to extensive convergence in morphological features. Here, we address the monophyly of the Bolbitiaceae, a family with over 700 described species and examine the higher-level relationships...

Maximum Likelihood Phylogram inferred from the concatenated three-locus dataset, without the indel characters (from RAxML). (DOCX)

List of Accession Numbers of GenBank sequences used for assessing the phylogenetic distribution of coprinoid fruiting bodies. (DOCX)

50% Majority Rule phylogram inferred with gapped sites of the ITS alignment AND recoded gap characters excluded from the analysis (in MrBayes). (DOCX)

50% Majority Rule phylogram inferred from recoded binary gap characters of the ITS alignment. A total of 864 characters (450 parsimony informative) of gap presence/absence (0/1) were used for the analysis (in MrBayes). (DOCX)

Maximum Clade Credibility tree from the BEAST analysis of the concatenated three-locus dataset. Note that branch lengths were omitted from the figure. (DOCX)

Der Begriff "Pilz" im landläufigen Sinn ist als Lebensform zu verstehen und basiert auf der Lebensweise der Pilze und der Tradition. So versteht man darunter in der allgemein üblichen weiten Auslegung relativ einfach gebaute, meist unbewegliche Organismen, die sich heterotroph absorptiv, also von organischem Kohlenstoff ernähren, indem sie Enzyme a...

In terrestrial ecosystems, fungi are the major agents of decomposition processes and nutrient cycling and of plant nutrient uptake. Hence, they have a vital impact on ecosystem processes and the terrestrial carbon cycle. Changes in productivity and phenology of fungal fruit bodies can give clues to changes in fungal activity, but understanding thes...

Mycophagy is often underestimated as dietary strategy, but forms an important part of the webs of life, especially in forest ecosystems. The identification of consumed fungal species is crucial to gain more knowledge about food web structures. DNA based methods are the way of choice to overcome limitations of species determination by microscopic an...