Inger Beate Hovi

Transportøkonomisk institutt, TØI · Economics

By soft-linking models for transport demand, vehicle turnover and energy generation and use, we show how such models can complement each other and become more relevant and reliable policy support tools. A freight demand model is used to project commodity flows onto the 2050 horizon. An energy system model is used to map the relationships between en...

There has been a large decline in the number of police reported injury accidents on public roads in Norway after 2007. The decline has been particularly large for accidents involving heavy goods vehicles. From 2007 to 2020, the number of heavy goods vehicles involved in injury accidents declined by 68%. The total number of injury accidents declined...

The purpose of this study is to investigate how the COVID-19 crisis affected delivery security and firms’ preparedness and responses in Norway. Investigations focus on supply chains which were critical for maintaining the supply of essential goods when large parts of society closed down. This includes four firms belonging to food and pharmaceutical...

Purpose The current paper addresses how GPS data from freight vehicles can give detailed information on freight activities in urban areas, with examples of delivery/pickup activities in seven Norwegian cities. Such information is key when planning for freight activities in urban areas– e.g. when dimensioning the capacity of loading/unloading zones....

Ved hjelp av energimodellen IFE-TIMES-Norge, den nasjonale godstransportmodellen NGM og kjøretøymodellen BIG beregnes en utviklingsbane for veitransporten som, med 50 prosent økt forbruk av biodrivstoff, vil innebære 60 prosent lavere klimagassutslipp på veiene i 2030 enn i 2005. Både batteri, biogass og hydrogen forutsettes da tatt i bruk i stor s...

Zero emission technologies for heavy-duty freight vehicles can become competitive as a result of increasing returns to scale coupled with high carbon taxes on fossil fuel. Through an integration of models covering, respectively, transportation demand, the vehicle fleet, and the energy system, a pathway toward zero emission road transportation in No...

Ved hjelp av modellene IFE-TIMES-Norge, NGM og BIG er det utarbeidet et veikart for den norske veitransportens energibruk og klimagassutslipp fram til 2050. Målet er å belyse hvordan veitransporten kan bidra til at klimamålene i ikke-kvotepliktig sektor blir nådd. Særlig vekt er lagt på tungtransporten, der en foreløpig ikke har oppnådd omstilling...

The present study investigated possible consequences for the number of killed and seriously injured (KSI) in traffic if trucking companies in Norway introduced the organisational safety management (OSM) measures in the stepwise approach called the “Safety Ladder” for road goods transport. The aim of the paper was to estimate the potential of OSM to...

Sett fra en økonoms ståsted må transportmarkeder forstås med utgangspunkt i markedsteori og teorier for offentlige reguleringer. I kapitlene i denne boken er det benyttet en slik tilnærming for å diskutere ulike transportrelaterte problemstillinger. Temaene er mange, som for eksempel betydningen av skandinavisk transportforskning, prising av ferget...

Sett fra en økonoms ståsted må transportmarkeder forstås med utgangspunkt i markedsteori og teorier for offentlige reguleringer. I kapitlene i denne boken er det benyttet en slik tilnærming for å diskutere ulike transportrelaterte problemstillinger. Temaene er mange, som for eksempel betydningen av skandinavisk transportforskning, prising av ferget...

Learning from first experiences of battery-electric bus (E-bus) trials is important to facilitate uptake and develop effective public policy. Here we present initial E-bus trials in Oslo and use the case to 1) model total cost of ownership (TCO) of E-buses vs. diesel buses, and 2) discuss challenges, opportunities, and policy implications. Together...

This article presents results from a randomized controlled eco-driving experiment with differential treatment between two groups of truck drivers in Norway. Using data from in-vehicle devices, we investigate whether eco-driving interventions (a course, active monthly follow-ups, and non-monetary incentives) reduce fuel consumption by inducing more...

This article investigates net CO2 emissions effects of relocating freight facilities (wholesale warehouses) away from central areas and replacing them with more area-effective activities (mix of dwellings and workplaces) that would otherwise have been located more peripherally. This development is ongoing in many urban regions, and it is often part...

Considering the underachievement on modal shift and environmental objectives for freight transport, scholars and policy makers recurrently ask how more road freight can be shifted to rail and waterborne transport. The current study simulates transport and modal distribution effects for several scenarios in which modal shift policy measures are stre...

This paper presents experiences from pilot-projects with battery-electric trucks in Norway, focusing on purchasing processes, technology, vehicle choices, user experience and various performance aspects. Furthermore, we discuss the electrification potential for battery-electric trucks and compare their total costs of ownership and associated socio-...

Reducing traffic volumes and CO2-emissions from freight transport has proven difficult in many countries. Although the increasing suburbanization of warehouses is seen as a relevant land use trend, comprehensive analyses of their impact remain scarce. This study uses real data in modeling transport, costs, environmental and modal effects from wareh...

The European Union (EU) promotes a gradual lifting of restrictions on foreign hauliers involved in domestic road transport of goods (cabotage), and liberalization of the current road cabotage rules may further increase the proportion of foreign heavy goods vehicles (HGVs) on Norwegian roads. The aims of the present study are to: (1) Examine the saf...

Emissions from heavy trucks constitute a large and increasing share of Norwegian CO2-emissions. The Norwegian Green Tax Commission recently presented recommendations for emission reductions, largely confined to ‘sticks’, in the form of taxes and levies. Another way to reduce emissions and to force the phase-in of alternative propulsion systems on h...

Purpose: Road freight carbon dioxide emissions are determined by a complex interaction between shippers and hauliers within the boundaries set by regulations and economic factors. It is necessary to gain understanding about the various driving forces and trends affecting these to promote low carbon future. The purpose of this research is to find ou...

This paper presents estimates of logistics costs in Norway. Two different methodological approaches are taken: (i) use of the national freight transport model for Norway, in which logistics costs as a share of gross domestic product (GDP) are obtained from national freight flows between municipalities in Norway and from foreign trading partners and...

The European Union (EU) promotes gradual lifting of restrictions on foreign hauliers involved in domestic road transport of goods (cabotage), and a major deregulation was scheduled in 2014. Due to complaints from several member states facing competition from new EU-countries with lower labour costs, this process was postponed until 2015. An importa...

In order to promote policy targets for decarbonising road freight, it is important to gain knowledge on the current energy efficiency practices of hauliers in various countries. This research aimed to provide such knowledge to enable international comparison of the energy efficiency practices of road freight hauliers. This was achieved by replicati...

1. Objective: In line with the White paper from the European Commission all Nordic countries have committed to improve the energy efficiency and decrease the CO2 emissions of freight transportation. The aim of this paper is to compare the energy efficiency and CO2 emissions in the road industry for the Nordic countries, except Iceland, in 2010, in...

The objective of this paper is to describe the historical development of the National freight model system for Norway, to present the current version and the ongoing and proposed further development of the model system. Presentation of the current version start out by a brief description of the main components NEMO and PINGO that comprise the real...

The forest sector in Norway is very transport intensive, accounting for approximately 14% of total domestic freight transport traffic on Norwegian roads. This paper presents an analysis linking a general equilibrium freight transport modelling tool with a partial equilibrium model of the forest sector. The freight transport model predicts transport...

Forestry and forest industries are transport-intensive sectors. In Norway, the forest sector (forestry and forest industries) represents less than 1% of gross domestic product, but 14% of the total road transport work. Road transport represents 19% of the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in Norway. This article is an analysis of the economic and GHG...

In order to show which policies can be effective to reach substitution from car and lorry (truck) and air transport to other modes, as well as to identify market segments that are sensitive or insensitive to policy measures, the EXpert-system based PrEdictions of Demand for Internal Transport in Europe (EXPEDITE) project's objective was to generate...

In order to show which policies can be effective to reach substitution from car and lorry (truck) and air transport to other modes, as well as to identify market segments that are sensitive or insensitive to policy measures, the EXpert-system based PrEdictions of Demand for Internal Transport in Europe (EXPEDITE) project's objective was to generate...

In the EXPEDITE project, carried out for the European Commission, a model was developed and applied in forecasting and policy simulation for passenger and freight transport, with the following characteristics: ô It is fast and easy to use, so that it can be run for many policies and packages; ô It distinguishes between many different population seg...