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INADEQUACIES OF MACHINE TRANSLATION THROUGH RENDERING OF SOCIAL MEDIA AND SEARCH ENGINE DISCOURSE

Authors:

Abstract

Translation is the transfer of the meaning of the source code to the target code. Machine Translation (MT) is used on social media platforms such Facebook and search engine such as Google in rendering meanings. However, translation from Hausa, Yoruba and Arabic to English on Facebook and Google has exhibited the inadequacies of MT where the actual meaning of the source language are not rendered in exactitude into the target language. MT gives the literal translation which can be insufficient and misleading. Therefore, this study examines the inadequacies of MT through the rendering of social media discourse to meet the requirement of a good translation. Fifteen (15) discourses, five (5) from Yoruba to English, five (5) from Arabic to English and another five (5) from Hausa to English were gathered from Facebook and Google and subjected to analysis using Nida's Equivalence Theory to interrogate how and why the translated text should be equivalent to the source text. Both formal and dynamic equivalence strategies were employed to render these discourses. The findings show the extent of accuracy of MT and the usefulness of Nida's theory as MT fails to prominently account for the cultural and content transfer of meaning. The study concludes that dynamic strategy is preferred to formal translation to render texts with more efficiency in terms of linguistic and cultural content. The study recommends Semantic Web 3.0 as an MT tool capable of learning language users' contextual use of language to provide a better translation.
INADEQUACIES OF MACHINE TRANSLATION THROUGH RENDERING OF
SOCIAL MEDIA AND SEARCH ENGINE DISCOURSE

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!&'%'
Abstract
*     ' '    '% '
*+*,''-'$''
.  % /   /  ' 
-'$.0 1'*   '
'0'%*
  ' ' '%*!
01'*''
1%-+23,' +3,
 +3,' +3,/
-'$.4'!51 '*!
 !01 '0%
!'1 '!'%*
0'''!*5!*
!''''%*!''
!'!0''!
'''%*!'6'78%9*
 '    : '0       
%
Keywords: Machine Translation, Discourse, Social Media, Search Engine, Equivalence
Theory 
1.0 Introduction
* '!!!'
60*!'%
'*+'*,''!  '
 ''0%''!
       '     
''%*';.*:
;-'$ *%: *       !   
'  1''! !
'''0'''
'0'*%"
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!01'*+',
'+-'$,'+.,%
2.0 Statement of Problem
*+,<+',''
''!''0'!0'!
'+,6*%*1!'!
6*='#'%" !
'''60*1 '
'*%*!'''
'+-'$,'+.,'
!* !'''%!
00'01''0 
6*%"6  :+2>>2,'')'
!' !
1 $% *! ' 
1''
'/-'$.%
3.0 Machine Translation (MT)
*''*('%"
   ?'+?, !;  
             0%
('*(+@99>,A
‘Machine translation (MT) is a modern method of translation
through computer assistance, which is a sub-eld of
computational linguistics… MT performs simple
replacements with basic translated key words for non-native
speakers to understand content in an original foreign
language that they need to assess’+%28B,.
Scholars such as Vauquois (1998) cited in Lin and Chen (2009) noted that
‘MT is aimed at enabling a computer to transfer natural language
utterances, or to process a natural language in terms of lexical, syntactic
and semantic dimensions.’ Other scholars have given contrary opinions
claiming the delimitation of MT in rendering contextual and cultural
aspects of language use.
4.0 Methodology
Page 2 of 22
*!1 '' !%*!
     '     '  
1' '' %  ''  -'$  . 
''' !%- +3,'0 +3,/
00' -'$  +3,0
0'.%0'-'$@9@9
@9@2%* '0%*0
   6 +' /  ,   * +,  
-'$*.*' !%-!!
 !  $  '  ! '  $  
1'''%
5.0 Theoretical Framework
*! !:+2>C3,1 '*!%*
'!'' !='
+,  +,   1 '   % *   
6:+@92@,1 ' ;'
1%:*'''!'0
1  ' 0  '   '
+ @99B,%:'' ! 
'6* !''
6*''6*
%
- - +@92C, : '        *
 '! ($!:*. . +*.., 
/!:''(' ('%*!!
+@92@,A
;:!   ! '   
'0#'$4'$
'$  '' '     '  
'   D  $ '   ' 
''!'!'0:+%@B@,%
!$:1 '*!!1 ' #E# A
-1 '+'-,!'1 '+',%*
'-1 '''!'%
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*-'1 '6'F%*
!1 '!'%+@9@2%2@#28, 
'1 ' ;     ! 
''
%-;'::;'1 ':
' '!'0
'%:'1 ''%7
0!
F' 
'6%+2>GB,;!
      !' % * !  '!
''1 '!
'''!'''
'':+%2@9,% 
Figure 1: Nida’s Translation Process
Source: %''%
 ! !!'1 '
'1 ''* '
%
6.0 Data Presentation and Analysis
/    23 ' 0'  -'$  .  ' 
/!4''
!'1 ''$A
6.1 Table 1: Hausa1 Discourses:
*2 0'/' 
* F *+'F*,%
17$! ! ''F* 
/0'%
Page 4 of 22
Excerpt
Number
Original Text MT Version Revised Translation (RT)
Excerpt 1
! !"!'
    !%  !
$$!$!!$
' !   '$ '$ $
' $ !   ! 
% $
4   ! $   
%  6  6 6
4 61 7 $ 
$  !% -  
!   $  !
!%
"  !" ! 
$4'%!
$!!   $
' '4 $
 !    ' 
'%
 !
!%666!
617!'%
       
''%
"!"!
   '  '% 
$!!$
'  % 
  !  ' 
'    !  
    '$%
 !'
 !     % -
0 " 6 6 ! '
617%
/!'%
=!:=
'%
Excerpt 2
"H6"":6A
!  !  I:
'   6$ I:
  $ * 
!   6 I  
    ?%
 6 ?$  
"1 F4! 6$   ! 
% / !  %
 ! ! $  $
%%
"H6/F7FA
*!  -!: ! 
'  6$ I: 
  *   -!
!"'?%
 6 ?$  
"1 F    
%*%!
$
%%
"H6":J
*!!I:!
 I:   1
*  "     
0''
?  6 ?$
 "1 F4! H$  
  6% *  
!0'%!
 ''%J
""6/
    
"(F*"-"%
('   
"-6*"K
*      '' 
Page 5 of 22
Excerpt 3  !%  '$ ) )'!%
!!!
) $ )!   ' 
)$!%
    ! % 6
 %!
 !
!4' 
%
'!!
!'!%
!$
 ! ' 
!  4'    
 %
Excerpt 4
FA
.I"F"
 !  '$  !
$ $$   %
$      %
!:%%
6".-F?FF6A
-%
! .      
$  '    '%
       
'%!  $   '$%
%
FL6*-FF?FF6
-:4
!       
$
'%    
   '% !   
  $  '$! 
''#%J
Excerpt 5
$
  $  4
   $  $
$!$4%
7 ! !  % 6 
$$$$%6!$
 ' ! 4
'$!))!
%!)$$$%
7    $4  
4!!$M
7
$4
$$
%  '   0' %
*!     $ '$
 !: % *  ! ! 
'  4  
4'   
 %"!
%?:! $
'M
-'!
'
 $ 4  
% *! $   
!!
$  '  !% *!
'     
' %*!!'
44!
'%
" %? 
!   ' 
'M
Page 6 of 22
"0'2  '0!0* ''F*% !1'!
 '0!   ! !' 1 '!% " * 
0A And you Kwankwasiyya supporters should know that politics is full of perfection just like everyone has a home in politics and
political fight is not a personal fight   '$ '0    6 0  '!% /'  F*  You
Kwankwasiyya adherents ought to-
Page 7 of 22
know that politics is full of strategies. Being that everyone has a political home, politics
should not be a dirty game or battle ground for personal attacks '! 6
0F%"' ''=
* 1!1 '!'
'       F     '   6%
6!*  ' Jogora Jogara
''0'mentor. 0
Mu Sali,;for example:* 1'! 
'F'''%
"0'@'#'00
!'1 '1!%*'
+"H":/,'/'
*N!01'!%'!
 ''0F*%6!
  0'         
remember     1   F*% !
0*  Rijiyar F
+'Zaki'Lion,
'%!''$''0'
' %
*0'8/''$'0
*Kwangilarcontractor '
'0N'%*''* 
polygamy bearing of many children * 
 '!'1 '%6!0ASad individuals
in their heart '06F%!'
1 '0'!'! 
!F* A grief will fill your hearts,  '  
 '%1'repeat hold  !
*   witness  cater ' !N!'
'0+'*:1'!, 
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F'0' =!''
'%
60'B request  
F*asking *'!!'0
%*
   ku       F*  your. *' 
F +,1
'     Dan Alma’jiri   +0'    
0'F, 1!   the son of a students * N
' 0  '   '0 '   % 6!
Allah''/God 1
!%1'!*
'''0'%*
affairs + F*,situation ''
'* completion preparation:
%"''1':'=* =
1'!'0'6:F*%
*0'   1'! 
1 Ni ai For me. 6problem
* 'confrontation  F*. *
illiterate ignorant! '%"'
1'!  They declared themselves as
human right activistsF* '* 
60''%6single'giving up ''!
'  * F
'!'1 '%
6.2 Table 2: Arabic Discourses
*@     0' '    *  
F*%*!0'%
Page 9 of 22
Excerpt
Number
Original Text MT Version Revised Translation (RT)
Excerpt 1      
    . 
 
""!
' %.$' %
7 "    ! 
'    
' %.J
$+, %
Excerpt 2 !"#$%&
' '()*:
+" +,- + . /("
012",3 45 0+, + 5
6"78 09" '- 45"
: / 5; +" 04,(
4, ,<
* !    '!  
A''
       
      
'     4'
4' !
!     
 !
!%
*! '!
A   '  
     
     
'     
4'!
    0' 
% 
'%
Excerpt 3 8 += 
>
  %-8  #(6"
7 ? ( ' %-8
7  ! 
OF!
!%
 $+!,
!    !'' +
' !  ', O
F$!'
%
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Excerpt 4 @"AB C8 + -8 
D (# E#D: F"', '
GH8I J75
>+8KKLM(N>"OKP >>
M'P
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EP >&
KH>>FK: MJM>P >+8K7P K*>QN>N
2>"
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MR8KS>8
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KN> +K
KU>NMN+++++++++++++ +
N
KN,>>
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E> P
M1
N
MNO
VW8K>: ۥ
N
KKM'PK6
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,K)P*X"M/>*
:  
      
' 
M  ?
    

! 
'
%
:
 $   ' 
='=
 M     
?   4 +
$$,
+   , 
      '!
!  
'+,/
 % "/  
'%
Excerpt 5 TF* ;F 3,Y ' Z)
%-80[# ( [\ 08:
.,"0H( /( [#  
G, ' ]* H#Q [#
! '  6$ % 6
#6" 1 
/!1%/A"
'   
   ' !  
M
!'6$?
6:"/!
1% / A "    
'    +
,
(+?N!
,M
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" 0' 2     ' '   '   *  
F'= =6
%*1'! !F* '!='
!'1 '=60%"'1'!
 'an innovator '
 being creative     '   '0!  
polytheism trap =!%
*0'@'
!'1 '''0''
*  '    0 6% !
'F* F06
'!'1 '0'
'%6'1'!0'
 9 '  '0!  foresight  jurisprudence. * 
1'!=   ' =  6   
   A 9  '- '  jurisprudence  insight
' !% '  0'   1'    
 ; mentioning  remembering, 4,(^ good  beautiful 
4, right path  way. * 1'  0  '0
!!*%
0'8 1'! *  
8, syntactician +'!',Arab '!
 F'!6%"
'6''! 
F* $  ' 0   * % * 1'! 
0' _7a sinner ' '0
guilty.
*  0'   1'!       
E#D' '0!  companions      =
owners = !*%'1'
''0'L' %
'' *AAllah repented to the Prophet 6'>&
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`KP >>M'P >
EP 0'!'*!'
!'1 ' '1 '!'
F*0'!Allah has forgiven the Prophet. *'
  F   '     +,   ' 
forgiveness'!+?,* 
repent. -'1'1
''10%"* 
''#'0'F*'=
'#'0 !%*'*$F* 
1''0'%
*0'0''1'!
0' *;F 'Professor ! Doctor '!
  '    ProfessorN!' 
01'!'%'
''''?
?in the Mosque of the Holy Mosque !F
 6'F*A An
Imam in the Holy Mosque%'scientists
'/( '!'0scholars. *
1'!       A scientists  scholars   
/(, '0'' 
''!F%*1'!
!0%-*0!was
F*'0!is =being
''!' 6%
6.3 Table 3: Yoruba2 Discourses
-0'.
   *   F*    0'   '
%*!1'
 '1 '!'1 '%
27$'$* 0'%
Page 16 of 22
Page 17 of 22
Excerpt
Number
Original Text MT Version Revised Translation (RT)
Excerpt 1 PQ4QR$4PPEESTUQS
T$S$TU%7QRPVVTRSWS4P
PPW!STU%XESEQRP5QRVTR
PTU$PQEPE!Y4T%
!4'
 '  % *!
  $    $% *
!$$$!
'%
"  !  4PP  
':%
*! $%
" ! $ $
!'%
Excerpt 2 7QR  Z[\  TR $E P] !P
PYZ%P$EZQUQUESZY
Z$PYSSVTRQP%
*!!5!%
4'!5'
!''$%
"!'
  '
%*4'!:
!'$%
Excerpt 3 ]$]^$^QPPQRPQ%
_P\4TPW]]EY!WPP\4TP
W][[]$QEQZ4YY4W$[$]$]P
TR%
'    ! % *
$'!  
'!
%
 !     !
% * $   
''
'N%
Excerpt 4 *PTS`QRPEPQaZP
bE cUSb P \ 4T W]QU$E P
TU$SEQU#[#4PTR$PTQU
PZW[d4^QRPTU%
"! #' b
'b' "
!  $     
45 %
" !    E  .E
"4  '  !  
"!$
'd4^QR %
Excerpt 5 _Q$^SEQUQUSEQRQQR%eW
]PQU$]$]^4EQ $TTRTTU
Q%
*'%
$!%
*!%$
   '  
'%
Page 18 of 22
*0' 2   ' '0  ' 
bàbáfather !*copper ' !
'%6*:oko,
farmland, husband ''''
'#:%*'
F6%*
 ìyálẹ?ta noon  dusk '       *:  0
1'!!'1 '%! 0'
01'!*:4' short, 
díẹ?''06%
" 0' @     ! *    ' 0  '
untranslatability *'#''0%*0'
 F*;' 1 ':0' '6
*  %"''! 
1F0
6%
*0'01'!*'#''0
'       ''% ?   '#'' 
!';'1 ':
!0'%*' '
!*N'1'%
-0'B 1'!  0 !   cart '#
'' gaàri%Cart '0!'!
06N'$*1%'
*:ilẹ? káàrọ?-oò-jíireall over the world' !F*
 Yoruba land% *F''
'0'%*
"0'1'!*:
Ọmọkùnrin'male child boy child !%*'
*'!'
F06%**! 
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0%!'*  '0
6FN'$1%
7.0 Findings
!/'*10'
6'0F6%6
1'!''6'
    *     !  F*%  '     
1'!   *  '   / '   '0
!'!''=
=F'%
$'' 0''1!
* 0*: ' '0%"
' *!!'
!'0
6%'!  * 1
'  6  F      '
''6F'
'%
*'!0'0'!
''%7*'1
+ F* ,''!'6
'''0! 
'F!6%
8.0 Conclusion
*''' 6*
'' !   !  % *   
  0   !   '  0#'
'  %'!!
    ' *     '  '   ' 
0'1' 
'+'!'0',%7''!
''0!*1
Page 20 of 22
'  !' 1 '  '   '  ' 
0/'%
9.0 Recommendation
*'''*
  !N         
1  '  % *  ! ' ' 
6'78%9!* 1'
'% ''78%9!'
'!; '7
''' '!:+
@99C%f,%*'!*!
:'''!'0
''1 '%
References
%H%+@923,%Web 3.0 and Its Reflections on the Future of E-Learning. ''
I6''B+@,A%223#2@@%
(-%-)F%g?%+@99>,%Web 3.0: Merging Semantic Web with Social Web.
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... The research undertaken by Mrs. S. Lalitha (year not provided) [13] analyzes the obstacles faced in translating, including whether it is actually a creative or scientific undertaking. In their appraisal of the limits of machine translation in reference to social media and search engine engagement, Adekunle and Oke (year not provided) [14] express optimism for the progress of automated translation technology in the future. Ping's work from 2022 [15] gives insight into the rising dynamics of digital interaction and language mediation by putting translation within the wider framework of social media communication during the pandemic. ...
Article
Full-text available
Using cutting-edge machine learning methods, this endeavor is a pathfinder in the area of real- time language translation within social networking sites. Our strategy is particularly developed to overcome the various hurdles that come with interacting in many languages in the continually changing internet scene. Through a focus on attaining unmatched precision, maximizing translation rates for real-time communication, and developing scalable solutions fit for the dynamic demands of worldwide connectivity, our research not only tackles the urgent needs of the present but also sets the stage for a future in which language barriers vanish effortlessly in the digital domain.
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