Hyeon-Dong Shin

Korea University | KU · Department of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering

Leaf spot was observed on garden phlox (Phlox paniculata) in Yesan, Korea, in 2008. Based on the morphological characteristics of the fungus and the host genus, the isolate was identified as Septoria phlogis. Internal transcribed spacer sequences of rDNA of the isolate confirmed its close affinity to previously known species of Septoria. In 2010 an...

In July 2011, hundreds of garden cosmos (Cosmos bipinnatus) were found to be infected with a white smut in Namyangju. Further surveys in central Korea showed that the disease occurred in all the nine localities visited, with disease incidence rate of >50%. Symptoms manifested as pale-green to chlorotic areas on the leaves, followed by white mildew...

Macleaya microcarpa (Maxim.) Fedde, also known as smallfruit plume poppy, is a perennial herb belonging to the family Papaveraceae. The plant, together with the better-known species M. cordata (Willd.) R. Br., is native to central China and is now planted worldwide for medicinal purposes. In October 2008 and August 2009, dozens of smallfruit plume...

Aster pilosus Willd. [syn. Symphyotrichum pilosum (Willd.) G.L.Nesom var. pilosum ], commonly known as frost aster or white heathaster, is a perennial plant belonging to the Asteraceae. This plant isnative to North America and was introduced into Korea during theKorean War in the 1950s (Park, 1995). It is now widely naturalizedand officially design...

In November 2009, a powdery mildew on glossy abelia (Abelia grandiflora) was found in Seogwipo, Jeju Island, Korea. Further survey in the southern part of Korea, e.g., Jeju, Busan, and Tongyeong confirmed occurrence of the disease. White colonies were present on leaves, young stems, and flowers, detracting from their beauty in landscape plantings....

Occurrence of powdery mildew was found on Japanese plum (Prunus salicina) growing in private gardens in Yanggu, Hongcheon, Hoengseong, and Gapyeong of central Korea, in 2011. Despite of extensive survey, however, there was no powdery mildew infection in commercial orchards of Japanese plum in Korea. The initial symptoms included white, evanescent m...

Species of Marasmius sect. Marasmius (subsect. Marasmius and Sicciformes) collected in South Korea were studied. The detailed morphological descriptions with figures for five species and a key for the identification are provided. Marasmius wisteriae is described as a new species, and M. bulliardii, M. rotalis, M. tubulatus (all in the subsect. Mara...

A new cercosporoid fungus, Pseudocercosporella stellariicola, was collected on leaves of Stellaria aquatica (Caryophyllaceae). This fungus is described, discussed, and compared with other similar hyphomycetes occurring on Stellaria and related genera: Cercosporella echinulata, Phacellium episphaerium, Pseudocercosporella cerastii, and Ps. woronovii...

Two species of Marasmius sect. Hygrometrici from South Korea are published in this paper. Descriptions based on morphological characteristics and illustrations are provided. Marasmius crescentiae is a new record for the studied region, and "M. junipericola" represents a provisional new species.

During the past five years, molecular phylogenetic studies revealed a high level of genetic diversity within Pustula on Asteraceae, which warrants its division into more than a dozen distinct species. An important step towards introducing the phylogenetic lineages as new species is to clarify, whether morphological characteristics could satisfactor...

The presence of Pleochaeta shiraiana associated with powdery mildew of Celtis sinensis in Korea is dubious, mainly due to incomplete records of earlier workers. To confirm the occurrence of the powdery mildew and the identity of the causal fungus, morphological characteristics of the anamorph and teleomorph from nine samples deposited in KUS (Herba...

Septoria centellae associated with leaf spot of Centella asiatica is reported for the first time in Korea. The fungus is described and illustrated in detail. It is also compared with related species of Septoria present on Centella and Hydrocotyle spp. with taxonomic comments. Two monoconidial isolates from Jeju and Wando were successfully cultured...

Leaves of Ficus benghalensis were found to be damaged by algal growth in 2010 and 2011 in several localities of Korea. On the basis of morphological characteristics, the algal species was identified as Cephaleuros virescens. This is the first report of an algal problem on F. benghalensis in Korea.

Since about two hundred years, downy mildew caused by Peronospora effusa is probably the most economically important disease of spinach (Spinacia oleracea). However, there is no information on the global phylogeographic structure of the pathogen and thus it is unclear whether a single genotype occurs worldwide or whether some local genetic variatio...

Amicodisca castaneae sp. nov. was collected on Japanese chestnut bur. It differs from all known members of Amicodisca by having brownish apothecia and smaller asci and ascospores. A key to the accepted Amicodisca species is given.

A powdery mildew parasitizing Koelreuteria spp. was first described under the name Uncinula koelreuteriae Miyake and later transferred to the genus Typhulochaeta. Based on morphological and molecular data of several herbarium specimens collected from Korea, the generic placement of Typhulochaeta is discussed and T. koelreuteriae is combined in the...

Cirsium setidens Nakai, endemic to Korea, is a perennial plantbelonging to the Compositae. It is distributed mainly in mountainousregions throughout the Korean Peninsula. As young leaves andshoots of the plant are edible as well as medicinal, private gardenersin mountainous villages in Korea have frequently grown it for self-consumption. Recently,...

Since 2008, a new leaf spot disease has been found in loquat tree (Eriobotrya japonica) at a nursery station in Goheung, Korea. Above 50% of the seedlings developed the spot symptoms on the leaves. The infected plants were generally reduced in the seedling vigour and early defoliation was occurred. The infected leaves developed grayish lesion with...

For almost all groups of pathogens, unusual and rare host species have been reported. Often, such associations are based on single or few collections only, which are frequently hard to access. Many of them later prove to be due to misidentification of the host, the pathogen, or both. Therefore, such reports are often disregarded, or treated anecdot...

White blister rust caused by the obligate biotroph Albugo candida (Albuginaceae; Oomycota) is one of the most notorious and common diseases of Brassicaceae. During the past 5 y, A. candida specimens collected from about 30 host genera were phylogenetically and morphologically investigated in several studies. These not only revealed that A. candida...

Spiroplana centripeta is described as a new genus and species from Korea. Its spirally coiled conidia closely resemble those of the aeroaquatic genus Spirosphaera but its ecology differs totally, as it is parasitic to living Philadelphus and Deutzia leaves causing symptoms superficially similar to powdery mildew disease. No sexual state has been fo...

The hyperparasitic hyphomycete Cladophialophora pucciniophila sp. nov., collected on rust telia of Puccinia polygoni-amphibii from Korea, is described, illustrated, and compared with allied species. The new species differs from previously described Cladophialophora species in having allantoid conidia and hyperparasitism on a rust fungus. Phylogenet...

Monoconidial isolates of Entomosporium mespili were successfully cultured using a simple isolation procedure. A detailed description of the steps required for isolating E. mespili is provided. The characteristic pattern of conidial germination and growth on potato dextrose agar is also described. The process that was successful in obtaining pure is...

Podosphaera fusca (syn. Sphaerotheca fusca, S. fuliginea) is a causal agent of powdery mildew infections on Zinnia elegans, and has been documented in Korea since 1967. An outbreak involving about 1,000 plants in October 2008, in Yangpyeong, Korea, was caused by Golovinomyces cichoracearum. Further surveys of zinnia powdery mildew from 2008-2010 co...

Despite their economic importance, the knowledge of the biodiversity of many plant pathogens is still fragmentary. In this study we show that this is true also for the white blister rust genus Pustula that is parasitic on several genera in the asterids, including sunflower and the gentian, Eustoma. It is revealed that several distinct species exist...

On the family Brassicaceae, the causal agent responsible for downy mildew disease was originally regarded as a single species, Peronospora parasitica (now under Hyaloperonospora), but it was recently reconsidered to consist of many distinct species. In this study, 11 specimens of Peronospora drabae and P. norvegica parasitic on the genus Draba were...

Bremia lactucae is one of the most important pathogens in lettuce production. Recent molecular studies revealed considerable genetic variation in this species complex. However, only few accessions from the same host have been examined for most species and no study investigating the morphological distinctiveness of phylogenetic lineages of Bremia ha...

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is one of the most commonly used vegetables worldwide. The production of organic tomatoes, grown without using any chemicals, has continuously increased in Korea since consumers started to demand organic foods. In organic tomato greenhouses in Iksan and Jeonju, Korea, a change was observed in a tomato leaf mold (Pas...

Betula platyphylla var. japonica (Miq.) Hara, or Japanese whitebirch, is a tree which is widely distributed in East Asia. In July 2009,some young trees showing typical symptoms of powdery mildewdisease on both sides of their leaves were first found at HongneungArboretum, Korea Forest Research Institute, Seoul, Korea. White superficial colonies deve...

The Albuginaceae, responsible for white blister rust disease on various angiosperms, are obligate biotrophic oomycetes that are only distantly related to downy mildews (Peronosporaceae). Their diversity has been much underestimated during the past decades, mainly because of the paucity of morphological characters for species delimitation, which led...

The species concept of Aspergillus fumigatus sensu stricto has recently been defined by polyphasic taxonomy. Based on the new concept of species delimitations, 146 worldwide strains of Aspergillus fumigatus sensu lato were re-identified. Of those 146 strains, 140 (95.8%) could be identified as A. fumigatus sensu stricto, 3 (2.1%) as A. lentulus, an...

Two species of the genus Marasmiellus, M. koreanus and M. rhizomorphigenus, are described as new taxa from the Republic of Korea. Both have been recorded several times during the past years. Their systematic positions are supported through DNA analyses.

Downy mildew is an economically important and widespread disease in quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) growing areas. Although in many studies Peronospora farinosa is most commonly regarded as the causal agent of the disease, identification and classification of the pathogen remain still uncertain due to its taxonomic confusion. Thirty-six Peronospora iso...

A new species of Scutellinia discovered in Jeju, Korea, Scutellinia jejuensis, is formally introduced. A combination of morphological characteristics and sequence analysis of the partial LSU rDNA demonstrates that the fungus represents a species distinct from all other subglobose to globose-spored Scutellinia species.

63 strains of Aspergillus section Fumigati were isolated from 17 samples of arable soil in a central province of Korea. Based on the results of genotypic and phenotypic analyses, they were identified as Aspergillus fumigatus, A. lentulus, Neosartorya coreana, N. fennelliae, N. fischeri, N. glabra, N. hiratsukae, N. laciniosa, N. pseudofischeri, N....

Japanese photinia (Photinia glabra), native to Japan, is an evergreen shrub belonging to the Rosaceae. The plant is widely grown for landscaping and gardening because the bright red foliage has ornamental value. In Korea, it is planted only in southern areas due to its poor winter hardiness. In April 2008, plantings in a nursery in Jeju were severe...

Ampelomyces quisqualis complex is well known as the most common and widespread hyperparasite of the family Erysiphaceae, the cause of powdery mildew diseases. As commercial biopesticide products it is widely used to control the disease in field and plastic houses. Although genetic diversity within Ampelomyces isolates has been previously recognized...

Two new species of Marasmius sect. Sicci are described. Marasmius orientalis, which is characterized by having a pileipellis with well-developed setoid broom cells and setae, caulosetae present, belongs to series Spinulosi. Marasmius strobiluriformis has dimorphic cheilocystidia and cylindrical to subfusoid caulocystidia and belongs to ser. Atrorub...

Two commercial impatiens, Impatiens balsamina and I. walleriana are popular ornamental plants grown worldwide. In Korea, I. balsamina has long been grown in private gardens and public parks, while I. walleriana has been introduced for commercial purposes and afterwards widely cultivated. In July 2007, the two plants showing typical symptoms of down...

Capers (Capparis spinosa) are affected by white blister rust attributed to Albugo capparidis or, applying a broad species concept, to Albugo candida. Within the past 3years, a great diversity within Albugo parasitic to the Brassicaceae has been observed. This has led to the description of two new specialized species within the parasites to Brassica...

A previously undescribed fungus frequently isolated in Korea from dead oak trees (e.g., Quercus mongolica, Q. aliena, Q. serrata) attacked by the ambrosia beetle, Platypus koryoensis, is described as Raffaelea quercus-mongolicae. Phylogenetic analysis of 18S rDNA sequences shows the new species to be closely related to R. quercivora, a causal agent...

An interesting hyaloscyphaceous species was found on fallen leaves of Staphylea bumalda. The fungus fit well within the concept of Psilachnum. It is distinguished from other members of the genus by the almost sessile apothecia and foliicolous habit. We describe it as a new species, Psilachnum staphyleae.

Recently, downy mildew of Salvia species became economically relevant globally, but the taxonomy of the causal agent remains still obscure. The objective of this study was to characterize and distinguish the different Peronospora species associated with downy mildew on sages, based on morphological and molecular data. For this purpose we compared P...

Common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia) is an invasive and highly allergenic plant species, on which two species, Plasmopara halstedii and Plasmopara angustiterminalis, have been recognized to cause downy mildew disease. In this study, morphological and molecular patterns of seven Plasmopara specimens collected from A. artemisiifolia in Canada, Hu...

The obligate biotrophic lineages of the white blister rusts (Albuginales, Oomycota) are of ancient origin compared to the rather recently evolved downy mildews, and sophisticated mechanisms of biotrophy and a high degree of adaptation diversity are to be expected in these organisms. Speciation in the biotrophic Oomycetes is usually thought to be th...

Pyricularia commelinicola sp. nov., causing circular leaf spots, was found on Commelina communis in Korea. The fungus is described, illustrated, and compared with the previously known Pyricularia species on the genus Commelina. The phylogenetic relationship of the fungus with other Pyricularia species is discussed.

Two new Crinipellis taxa (Basidiomycota, Marasmiaceae) collected in the Republic of Korea, C. rhizomaticola and C. nigricaulis var. macrospora, are described. A third species, Crinipellis zonata, is recorded for the first time in this country. Their macro- and microscopic descriptions and molecular characteristics are also given. ITS regions of rDN...

Phacellium brachybotrydis sp. nm, causing leaf discolorations of Brachybotrys paridiformis, was collected in Korea. The new fungus is described, illustrated, and compared with Cercospora subhyalina, recorded oil the same host, as well as two morphologically similar Phacellium species, P gracilipes and P dearnessii.

) showingsymptoms of downy mildew were found in Jeju, the chief producing areain Korea. Broccoli growers report that downy mildew is the only diseaseof economic importance in their greenhouses, occasionally resulting in100% loss of yield. Initial symptoms were irregular yellow-green spots onupper leaf surfaces and white fluffy growth underneath. Flo...

During the past two years the integrity of Albugo candida as the only species of Albugo parasitic to Brassicaceae has been challenged. The existence of two distinct species parasitic to Brassicaceae has been confirmed, to which a third species was added. For the purpose of further exploring the diversity of the A. candida complex, eight Albugo spec...

Phyllactinia is a unique genus within the Erysiphales (Ascomycota) having a partly endo-parasitic nature of the mycelium within the host plant tissues. We constructed phylogenetic trees for the genus Phyllactinia and its allied genera based on a total of 120 nucleotide sequences of the 28S rDNA and ITS regions to discuss their phylogenetic relation...

About 20 species of Peronospora have been reported to cause downy mildew on Chenopodium, but, particularly in plant pathology literature, only one species, P. farinosa, is considered to be involved. We performed sequence analysis of the ITS rDNA to reveal the phylogenetic relationships of Peronospora specimens from five species of Chenopodium, viz....

2008): Gerronema nemorale (Basidiomycota, Agaricomycetes): anatomic-morphological, cultivational, enzymatic and molecu-lar characteristics and its first records in the Republic of Korea. – Czech Mycol. 60(2): 197–212. The basidiomycetous agaric Gerronema nemorale Har. Takah. was collected at several localities in the Republic of Korea (South Korea)...