Huawei Huang

Sun Yat-Sen University | SYSU · School of Software Engineering

State-of-the-art blockchain sharding solutions, say Monoxide, can induce imbalanced transaction (TX) distributions among all blockchain shards due to their account deployment mechanisms. Imbalanced TX distributions can then cause hot shards, in which the cross-shard TXs may experience an unlimited length of confirmation latency. Thus, how to addres...

This paper studies the PBFT-based sharded permissioned blockchain, which executes in either a local datacenter or a rented cloud platform. In such permissioned blockchain, the transaction (TX) assignment strategy could be malicious such that the network shards may possibly receive imbalanced transactions or even bursty-TX injection attacks. An imba...

In a sharded blockchain, transactions are processed by a number of parallel committees. Thus, the transaction throughput can be largely boosted. A problem is that some groups of blockchain nodes consume large latency to form committees at the beginning of each epoch. Moreover, the heterogeneous processing capabilities of different committees also r...

Sharding is one of the most promising techniques for improving blockchain scalability. In blockchain state sharding, account migration across shards is crucial to the low ratio of cross-shard transactions and cross-shard workload balance. Through reviewing state-of-the-art protocols proposed to reconfigure blockchain shards via account shuffling, w...

Cross-shard Transactions (CTXs) widely exist in sharded blockchains. CTXs have to endure large confirmation latency because they need to participate in consensus in both their source and destination shards. To diminish CTXs, plenty of state-of-the-art blockchain protocols have been proposed. For example, in BrokerChain [1], some intermediary broker...

As Metaverse emerges as the next-generation Internet paradigm, the ability to efficiently generate content is paramount. AI-Generated Content (AIGC) emerges as a key solution, yet the resource-intensive nature of large Generative AI (GAI) models presents challenges. To address this issue, we introduce an AIGC-as-a-Service (AaaS) architecture, which...

Federated Learning (FL), as a promising distributed learning paradigm, is proposed to solve the contradiction between the data hunger of modern machine learning and the increasingly stringent need for data privacy. However, clients naturally present different distributions of their local data and inconsistent local optima, which leads to poor model...

With the popularity of the mobile Internet, data is increasingly becoming a new resource. Therefore, the trading of such data resources has become an increasing demand. In this paper, we propose a fair privacy-preserving data trading protocol based on blockchain. Firstly, our data trading protocol achieves fairness by carefully combining the probab...

WiFi-based human activity recognition has gained ever-growing attention in the field of wireless sensor networks. As a promising technology, it has large application potential for smart homes and elderly activity monitoring. ExistingWiFi-based activity recognition methods mainly exploit two-dimensional convolutional neural networks, which focus on...

A number of promising blockchain scalability technologies such as Rollups, facilitate the fast and cost-effective asset transfer by offloading transactions from a mainchain to sidechains. The proposed broker-based decentralized application (dApp) in this paper, named BrokerFi, also employs a sidechain approach that works as a Layer2 solution on top...

p>As Metaverse emerges as the next-generation Internet paradigm, the ability to efficiently generate content is paramount. AIGenerated Content (AIGC) emerges as a key solution, yet the resourceintensive nature of large Generative AI (GAI) models presents challenges. To address this issue, we introduce an AIGC-as-a-Service (AaaS) architecture, which...

The internet of things, privacy, and technical constraints increase the demand for edge-based data-driven services, which is one of the major goals of Industry 4.0 and Society 5.0. Big data analysis (BDA) is the preferred approach to unleash hidden knowledge. However, BDA consumes excessive resources and time. These limitations hamper the meaningfu...

Consensus is unnecessary when the truth is available. In this paper, we present a new perspective of rebuilding the blockchain without consensus. When the consensus phase is eliminated from a blockchain, transactions could be canonized quickly using a well-defined universal rule without consuming hashing power. Thus, the transactions per second (TP...

Economic systems play pivotal roles in the metaverse. However, we have not yet found an overview that systematically introduces economic systems for the metaverse. Therefore, we review the state-of-the-art solutions, architectures, and systems related to economic systems. When investigating those state-of-the-art studies, we keep two questions in m...

Various metaverse applications have entered our daily life and show a promising trend that will occupy people's attention in the era of Web3. This makes interoperability across metaverses become one of the fundamental technologies in the context of multiple metaverse platforms. The aim of interoperability is to provide a seamless service for users...

In this chapter, we summarize the implication of Web3 & metaverse. In the first section, we discuss how Web3 enables other fields. Specifically, we show our understanding of the correlations among the concepts of Web3, blockchain, DAO, NFT, and metaverse. In the next section, we then summarize how to participate in metaverse from the perspective of...

This chapter briefly explains metaverse, Web3, and their relationship. To better understand Web3 and metaverse, we introduce some crucial concepts, such as blockchains, smart contracts, digital assets and tokens, decentralized applications, and DID. Finally, we also discuss the typical applications related to Web3 and metaverse such as games, virtu...

Metaverse as the latest buzzword has attracted great attention from both industry and academia. Metaverse seamlessly integrates the real world with the virtual world and allows avatars to carry out rich activities including creation, display, entertainment, social networking, and trading. Thus, it is promising to build an exciting digital world and...

Economic systems play pivotal roles in the metaverse. However, we have not yet found an overview that systematically introduces economic systems for the metaverse. Therefore, we review the state-of-the-art solutions, architectures, and systems related to economic systems. When investigating those state-of-the-art studies, we keep two questions in o...

The metaverse, a virtual world closely intertwined with reality, represents the next-generation form of the Internet and encompasses advanced sociability and interaction. With the rapid growth of users and virtual products within this environment, the importance of recommendation systems becomes paramount. This article presents a comprehensive surv...

Sharding is one of the most promising techniques that can improve the scalability and storage issues of blockchain systems. In the past few years, many sharding protocols have been proposed to contribute to the technique matrix of blockchain sharding such as the coordination mechanisms of blockchain shards, the handling of cross-shard transactions,...

The concept of metaverse has sparked widespread attention from the public to major industries. With the rapid development of blockchain and Web3 technologies, the decentralized metaverse ecosystem has attracted a large influx of users and capital. Due to the absence of industry standards and regulatory rules, the Web3-empowered metaverse ecosystem...

This chapter briefly explains metaverse, Web3, and their relationship. To better understand Web3 and metaverse, we introduce some crucial concepts, such as blockchains, smart contracts, digital assets and tokens, decentralized applications, and DID. Finally, we also discuss the typical applications related to Web3 and metaverse such as games, virtu...

Web3 has attracted a considerable amount of attention due to its unique decentralized characteristics. The digital economy is a driver of high-quality economic development and is currently in a rapid development stage. In digital economy scenarios, the centralized nature of the Internet and other characteristics usually bring about security issues...

Economic systems play pivotal roles in the metaverse. However, we have not yet found an overview that systematically introduces economic systems for the metaverse. Therefore, we review the state-of-the-art solutions, architectures, and systems related to economic systems. When investigating those state-of-the-art studies, we keep two questions in o...

Constructing globally distributed file systems (DFS) has received great attention. Traditional peer-to-peer (P2P) distributed file systems have inevitable drawbacks such as instability and lacking auditing and incentive mechanisms. Thus, Inter-Planetary File Systems (IPFS) and Swarm, as the representative DFSs which integrate with blockchain techno...

This chapter introduces how to organize Web3 participants, which include Web3 educators, investors, developers, and other users who are interested in Web3. Decentralized autonomous organizations (DAOs) are believed to play a significant role in our future Web3-featured society governed in a decentralized way. In this chapter, we first explain the d...

Blockchain databases have attracted widespread attention but suffer from poor scalability due to underlying non-scalable blockchains. While blockchain sharding is necessary for a scalable blockchain database, it poses a new challenge named on-chain cross-shard database services. Each cross-shard database service (e.g., cross-shard queries or inter-...

Previous state-of-the-art studies have proposed various analytical models to understand the double-spending attacks (DSA) occurred in Proof-of-Work (PoW) based Blockchains. Although many insights behind the double-spending attacks have been disclosed, we still believe that advanced versions of DSA can be developed to create new threats for PoW-base...

Many applications, e.g., digital twins, rely on sensing data from Internet of Things (IoT) networks, which is used to infer event(s) and initiate actions to affect an environment. This gives rise to concerns relating to data integrity and provenance. One possible solution to address these concerns is to employ blockchain. However, blockchain has hi...

As Metaverse emerges as the next-generation Internet paradigm, the ability to efficiently generate content is paramount. AI-Generated Content (AIGC) offers a promising solution to this challenge. However, the training and deployment of large AI models necessitate significant resources. To address this issue, we introduce an AIGC-as-a-Service (AaaS)...

In the fifth-generation (5G) networks and the beyond, communication latency and network bandwidth will be no more bottleneck to mobile users. Thus, almost every mobile device can participate in the distributed learning. That is, the availability issue of distributed learning can be eliminated. However, the model safety will become a challenge. This...

Blockchains have been deeply diving into multiple applications, such as blockchain-assisted Internet of Things (IoT), business applications, security-enabled solutions, and many other applications in diverse fields. However, we think that a comprehensive survey towards the essentials of blockchains by exploiting the state-of-the-art theoretical mod...

This chapter studies the PBFT-based sharded permissioned blockchain, which executes in either a local datacenter or a rented cloud platform. In such permissioned blockchain, the transaction (TX) assignment strategy could be malicious such that the network shards may possibly receive imbalanced transactions or even bursty-TX injection attacks. An im...

Blockchain-based decentralized cryptocurrencies have drawn much attention and been widely-deployed in recent years. Bitcoin, the first application of blockchain, achieves great success and promotes more development in this field. However, Bitcoin encounters performance problems of low throughput and high transaction latency. Other cryptocurrencies...

With the rapid evolution of metaverse technologies, numerous metaverse applications have arisen for various purposes and scenarios. This makes interoperability across meta-verses becomes one of the fundamental technology enablers in the metaverse space. The aim of interoperability is to provide a seamless experience for users to interact with metav...

At present, the concept of metaverse has sparked widespread attention from the public to major industries. With the rapid development of blockchain and Web3 technologies, the decentralized metaverse ecology has attracted a large influx of users and capital. Due to the lack of industry standards and regulatory rules, the Web3-empowered metaverse eco...

At present, the concept of metaverse has sparked widespread attention from the public to major industries. With the rapid development of blockchain and Web3 technologies, the decentralized metaverse ecology has attracted a large influx of users and capital. Due to the lack of industry standards and regulatory rules, the Web3-empowered metaverse eco...

Economic systems play pivotal roles in the metaverse. However, we have not yet found an overview that systematically introduces economic systems for the metaverse. Therefore, we review the state-of-the-art solutions, architectures, and systems related to economic systems. When investigating those state-of-the-art studies, we keep two questions in o...

Blockchain technology is becoming the cornerstone for the development and deployment of other technologies like Federated Learning (FL) and Internet of Things (IoT), as it plays a critical role in data sharing and incentives. Blockchains supports decentralization, data-privacy protection, security, and reliability. Assuring secure data sharing in m...

As the foundation of a blockchain, consensus algorithm significantly affects the blockchain system’s performance. To a consortium blockchain, Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance (PBFT) has been widely believed as a good candidate consensus due to its many advantages. However, PBFT is not particularly designed for a consortium blockchain. Thus, ther...

With the continuous development of web technology, Web3.0 has attracted a considerable amount of attention due to its unique decentralized characteristics. The digital economy is an important driver of high-quality economic development and is currently in a rapid development stage. In the digital economy scenario, the centralized nature of the Inte...

Sharding technique is viewed as the most promising solution to improving blockchain scalability. However, to implement a sharded blockchain, developers have to address two major challenges. The first challenge is that the ratio of cross-shard transactions (TXs) across blockchain shards is very high. This issue significantly degrades the throughput...

Internet of Drones (IoD) is a critical paradigm of future networks used for complex cooperative tasks. Due to its heterogeneity, high mobility, and exposed connectivity, it inevitably suffers from the crucial security threats of nodes failure, malicious tampering, and anonymous attacks. Specifically, federated transfer learning (FTL) and blockchain...

Consensus is unnecessary when the truth is available. In this paper, we present a new perspective on rebuilding the blockchain without consensus. When the consensus phase is eliminated from a blockchain, transactions could be canonized quickly using a well-defined universal rule without consuming hashing power. Thus, the transactions per second (TP...

Federated Learning (FL) suffers from Low-quality model training in mobile edge computing, due to the dynamic environment of mobile clients. To the best of our knowledge, most FL frameworks follow the \textit{reactive} client scheduling, in which the FL parameter server selects participants according to the currently-observed state of clients. Thus,...

(Please download the latest version of this survey article from arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2201.03201 ) As the latest buzzword, Metaverse has attracted great attention from both industry and academia. Metaverse seamlessly integrates the real world with the virtual world and allows avatars to carry out rich activities including creation, display,...

As the latest buzzword, Metaverse has attracted great attention from both industry and academia. Metaverse seamlessly integrates the real world with the virtual world and allows avatars to carry out rich activities including creation, display, entertainment, social networking, and trading. Thus, it is promising to build an exciting digital world an...

With the continuous development of web technology, Web 3.0 has attracted a considerable amount of attention due to its unique decentralized characteristics. The digital economy is an important driver of high-quality economic development and is currently in a rapid development stage. In the digital economy scenario, the centralized nature of the Int...

Federated Learning (FL) is believed as a promising manner of distributed machine learning for 5G and future 6G networks in the context of mobile edge computing (MEC). From the worker’s viewpoint, a problem is that no incentive drives them to participate in FL. Thus, different from the conventional server-centric model allocation methods, we study t...

In a large-scale sharded blockchain, transactions are processed by a number of parallel committees collaboratively. Thus, the blockchain throughput can be strongly boosted. A problem is that some groups of blockchain nodes consume large latency to form committees at the beginning of each epoch. Furthermore, the heterogeneous processing capabilities...

Bitcoin is currently the cryptocurrency with the largest market share. Many previous studies have explored the security of Bitcoin from the perspective of blockchain mining. Especially on the double-spending attacks (DSA), some state-of-the-art studies have proposed various analytical models, aiming to understand the insights behind the double-spen...

Decentralized Autonomous Organization (DAO) is believed to play a significant role in our future society governed in a decentralized way. In this article, we first explain the definitions and preliminaries of DAO. Then, we conduct a literature review of the existing studies of DAO published in the recent few years. Through the literature review, we...

As the first decentralized peer-to-peer (P2P) cryptocurrency system allowing people to trade with pseudonymous addresses, Bitcoin has become increasingly popular in recent years. However, the P2P and pseudonymous nature of Bitcoin make transactions on this platform very difficult to track, thus triggering the emergence of various illegal activities...

To draw a roadmap of current research activities of the blockchain community, we first conduct a brief overview of state-of-the-art blockchain surveys published in the recent 5 years. We found that those surveys are basically studying the blockchain-based applications, such as blockchain-assisted Internet of Things (IoT), business applications, sec...

Decentralized Autonomous Organization (DAO) is believed to play a significant role in our future society governed in a decentralized way. In this article, we first explain the definitions and preliminaries of DAO. Then, we conduct a literature review of the existing studies of DAO published in the recent few years. Through the literature review, we...

With the advancements of wireless network transmission technology, 2D video is hard to satisfy people's requirement for multimedia. Therefore, the high-definition 3D video that can bring a whole new viewing experience is starting to enter people's vision. However, when a tremendously large number of users play 3D video, it puts enormous computation...

Federated Learning (FL) advocates training a global model using a large-scale of distributed devices such that the collaborative model training can be benefited from the rich local datasets, while preserving the privacy of local training dataset in each participant. This is because only the training results, i.e., the updated model parameters and m...

in fifth-generation (5G) networks and beyond, communication latency and network bandwidth will be no longer be bottlenecks to mobile users. Thus, almost every mobile device can participate in distributed learning. That is, the availability issue of distributed learning can be eliminated. However, model safety will become a challenge. This is becaus...

Network Function Virtualization (NFV) technology is viewed as a significant component of both the fifth-generation (5G) communication networks and edge computing. In this paper, through reviewing the state-of-the-art work on applying NFV to edge computing, we identify that an urgent research challenge is to provide the proactive failure recovery me...

Emergency communication networks (ECNs) are designed to provide reliable communications under emergent scenarios. Recently, smartphone based networks have attracted remarkable attentions on the management of ECNs. In this topic, we first review the state-of-the-art research efforts devoted to the establishment and management of smartphone based ECN...

Device-free localization (DFL) locates targets without equipping with wireless devices or tag under the Internet-of-Things (IoT) architectures. As an emerging technology, DFL has spawned extensive applications in IoT environment, such as intrusion detection, mobile robot localization, and location-based services. Current DFL-related machine learnin...

To draw a roadmap of current research activities of the blockchain community, we first conduct a brief overview of state-of-the-art blockchain surveys published in the recent 5 years. We found that those surveys are basically studying the blockchain-based applications, such as blockchain-assisted Internet of Things (IoT), business applications, sec...

In isolated network domains, the global trustworthiness (e.g., consistent network views, etc) is critical to the multiple-party business partners who aim to perform the trusted corporations depending on each isolated network view. However, to achieve such global trustworthiness over distributed network domains is a challenge. This is because when m...

As urban traffic condition is diverse and complicated, applying reinforcement learning to reduce traffic congestion becomes one of the hot and promising topics. Especially, how to coordinate the traffic light controllers of multiple intersections is a key challenge for multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL). Most existing MARL studies are based...

Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) swarms are widely applied for service provisioning in many domains such as topographic mapping and traffic monitoring. These UAV applications are complicated as they demand not only huge computational resources but also strict latency requirements. However, due to the limited onboard resources of UAVs as well as variou...

In MENs, the task offloading services are expected to free MUs from complex tasks, which contributes to reduce the service latency and thus improves the QoS. Although the well-proven cooperative task offloading proposals effectively address such requirements by encouraging the cooperation among MUs and edges, the QoE from MUs' perspective still rem...

Federated learning has been widely studied and applied to various scenarios. In mobile computing scenarios, federated learning protects users from exposing their private data, while cooperatively training the global model for a variety of real-world applications. However, the security of federated learning is increasingly being questioned, due to t...

Constructing globally distributed file systems (DFS) has received great attention. Traditional Peer-to-Peer (P2P) distributed file systems have inevitable drawbacks such as instability, lacking auditing and incentive mechanisms. Thus, Inter-Planetary File System (IPFS) and Swarm, as the representative DFSs which integrate with blockchain technologi...

Recent decades have seen a significant increase in the frequency, intensity, and impact of natural disasters and other emergencies, forcing the governments around the world to make emergency response and disaster management national priorities. The growth of extremely large and complex datasets — commonly referred to as big data — and various advan...

This dataset and processing-code are free to download for your experiments. The related papers are: #1. ``Machine Fault Detection for Intelligent Self-Driving Networks"; #2. ``Real-Time Fault-Detection for IIoT Facilities using GBRBM-based DNN". ------------------------------------------------------ Please feel free to download the dataset and th...

Although the challenge of the device connection is much relieved in 5G networks, the training latency is still an obstacle preventing Federated Learning (FL) from being largely adopted. One of the most fundamental problems that lead to large latency is the bad candidate-selection for FL. In the dynamic environment, the mobile devices selected by th...

In distributed networks, the consistent network views (e.g., network events, network topology, and device information, etc) are critical to the network operators and service providers who aim to perform the global network/service optimizations depending on the overall network views. However, to achieve the consensus over distributed networks is a c...

Blockchain-based decentralized cryptocurrencies have drawn much attention and been widely-deployed in recent years. Bitcoin, the first application of blockchain, achieves great success and promotes more development in this field. However, Bitcoin encounters performance problems of low throughput and high transaction latency. Other cryptocurrencies...

As the first decentralized peer-to-peer (P2P) cryptocurrency system allowing people to trade with pseudonymous addresses, Bitcoin has become increasingly popular in recent years. However, the P2P and pseudonymous nature of Bitcoin make transactions on this platform very difficult to track, thus triggering the emergence of various illegal activities...

In the fifth-generation (5G) networks and the beyond, communication latency and network bandwidth will be no more bottleneck to mobile users. Thus, almost every mobile device can participate in the distributed learning. That is, the availability issue of distributed learning can be eliminated. However, the model safety will become a challenge. This...

Instead of deploying network functions on proprietary and dedicated hardware, Network Function Virtualization (NFV) enables to deploy network functions on virtual instances, such as virtual machines and containers. With the advance of 5G technologies, recent studies [1, 2] have shown that NFV has great potential to provide low-cost as well as ultra...

To build the mechanism of a Self-Driving Network (SelfDN) is becoming an emerging direction for the future Internet of Things (IoT). The detection of device status, such as fault or normal, is a very fundamental module in SelfDN. In this article, we first review recent studies devoted to applying fault detection techniques in IoT networks. Taking t...

Fault-detection is a fundamental requirement for industrial Internet-of-Things (IIoT), such as the process industry sammaknejad2019review. This paper first reviews recent studies focusing on applying fault-detection techniques to IIoT networks. However, we find out that numerous studies focus on resource utilization and workload allocation. The fau...

As a critical supplementary to terrestrial communication networks, low-earth-orbit (LEO) satellite based communication networks have been gaining growing attention in recent years. In this paper, we focus on data collection from geo-distributed Internet-of-Things (IoT) networks via LEO satellites. Normally, the power supply in IoT data-gathering ga...

Satellite-based communication technology regains much attention in the past few years, where satellites play mainly the supplementary roles as relay devices to terrestrial communication networks. Unlike previous work, we treat the low-earth-orbit (LEO) satellites as secure data storage mediums [1]. We focus on data acquisition from an LEO satellite...

The concept of the industrial Internet of things (IIoT) is being widely applied to service provisioning in many domains, including smart healthcare, intelligent transportation, autopilot, and the smart grid. However, because of the IIoT devices' limited onboard resources, supporting resource-intensive applications, such as 3D sensing, navigation, A...

(FullText-Download: https://authors.elsevier.com/c/1ZTYC4xsUrvgGQ ) Network Function Virtualization (NFV) allows to deploy network functions at low cost and high flexibility. Usually traffic needs to pass through several network functions in a particular order, which is known as network function chaining. Due to capacity limitation, one instance of...