Holly Shulman

Successful development of extraterrestrial microwave heating technologies depends on the study of the dielectric properties that control the microwave heating behavior of simulants and regoliths. Microwave heating may serve many lunar applications including heating the regolith for lunar surface dust stabilization, oxygen production, building mater...

Microwave heating is a potential method for mitigating dust issues and creating solid regolith structures, such as landing pads, on the moon, Mars, and other extraterrestrial bodies. The advantage of using microwave heating is that regolith has the potential to be directly heated in situ. A computational model was developed that predicts the heatin...

A method for producing laminated materials is taught, wherein materials are bonded by heating using radio frequency (RF) energy while simultaneously applying pressure. The process for laminating a single piece is generally completed in a matter of seconds, as opposed to the hour(s) required to produce a glass laminate using the current state-of-the...

Incorporation of radiant boundary conditions is proposed for multiphysics (electromagnetic and thermal) modeling to cover practically valuable scenarios of hybrid (heat radiation and microwave) thermal processing of materials. The algorithm is implemented by making the models of radiation in ANSYS Fluent available for the electromagnetic models in...

IntroductionExperimental ProcedureResults and DiscussionConclusions Acknowledgements

Savings in processing time (up to 90%) and energy (20-80%) are expected in microwave sintering of ceramics, as this technology breaks through into industrial firing processes. Linn High Therm had developed a high temperature hybrid microwave system in anticipation of industries needs. Typically, silicon carbide susceptors are used to initiate heati...

Abstract Introduction Experimental Procedures Results and Discussion Conclusions

Microwave Enhanced Direct Cracking of Ethane for Production of Ethylene Morgana Fall, Ricardo Bowlin, Holly Shulman Ceralink Inc. 105 Jordan Rd Troy, NY 12180 James Carnahan Edison Analytical Laboratories, Inc. 301 Nott Street, Suite 2 Schenectady, NY Eric Wagner, Ravi Lal Technip USA, Inc. 555 West Arrow Highway Claremont,...

IntroductionExperimental ProcedureResults and DiscussionConclusions Acknowledgements

Ceralink Inc. is applying Microwave Assist Technology ™ (MAT™) to the calcination of limestone to demonstrate the potential for significant energy reduction in themanufacturing of lime. MAT™ is a method to simultaneously apply traditional radiantheat and microwave energy in the same kiln, leading to fast volumetric product heating.Microwave thermal...

Radio Frequency (RF) Lamination is a new technology that shows promise for significantly reducing the need for energy intensive autoclaving of laminated glass. RF lamination, which has been named FastFuse ™ , uses radio-frequency dielectric heating to directly heat the polymer interlayers that are used to laminate glass for automotive windshields,...

Ceralink Inc. is applying Microwave Assist Technology™ (MAT™) to the calcination of limestone to demonstrate the potential for significant energy reduction in the manufacturing of lime. MAT™ is a method to simultaneously apply traditional radiant heat and microwave energy in the same kiln, leading to fast volumetric product heating. Microwave th...

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A technology (MAT) was developed to overcome the difficulties encountered in microwave heating of ceramic materials. Many ceramics do not couple (suscept) well in a microwave field at room temperature, however, at elevated temperatures, they often heat extremely well. Microwave Assist Technology (MAT) refers to the combination of microwaves with ra...

Traditionally, microwaves and metals have not been thought to be compatible. However, microwaves have significant possibilities for use in a variety of metal processing applications including binder removal, powder metallurgy sintering, metal melting, brazing, and a range of surface treatments.

Microwaves are being used to assist chemical processes, with surprising results, including super-fast reactions and new compounds. Many discoveries have been limited to laboratory scale work, waiting on appropriate industrial microwave equipment. The need for equipment and process development to occur in concert is now being addressed. This talk fo...

Great strides are being made in the U.S. in the design and fabrication of microsystems. Micro-electro-mechanical-systems (MEMS) require high precision microcomponents. A novel technique for fabricating precision ceramic microgears and other devices is under investigation at Sandia National Laboratories. This involves making a precision mold and epo...

The Microwave Assist Technology (MAT) is a patent method that combine microwaves with conventional heat, to be used in ceramic industry, enables to cut the firing time and energy consumption in half. The MAT is easily scalable and tested on range of products as ceramics, brick, clay, high-alumina brick, sanitaryware, tableware, tile, abrasives, pig...

Yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) is an oxygen-conducting electrolyte used in solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). in this work, three different sintering techniques — traditional (low heating rate), fast-fire, and microwave — were investigated as a means of sintering 8-mol% YSZ. YSZ powders were isostatically pressed into pellets and sintered at 1350°C...

IntroductionExperimental ProcedureResults and DiscussionConclusions Suggestions for Future Work

A study of the complex permittivity in bismuth titanate was conducted to reveal the nature of an anomaly in the real part of the permittivity, which occurs below the Curie temperature. This anomaly is frequency dependent and is caused by a combination of two relaxation phenomena that appear in the imaginary part of the permittivity. One of the rela...

A number of properties have been measured for 50 soda-lime-silica glasses based on the compositions of typical commercial container and float glasses. The glasses studied are part of a broad program to create a data base for the effect of compositional variations around those of several common commercial glasses on the properties of those types of...

The use of microwaves is making inroads into many high-temperature processes, such as firing ceramics, heat treating and melting. Because of the wide variety of microwave technologies to choose from, it can be helpful to use an independent microwave testing facility to ensure that you get the best value from microwave heating.

Bismuth titanate (Bi4Ti3O12) shows promise in piezoelectric applications in a temperature range (300-600 °C) which is not well served by standard piezoelectric ceramics. The proposal to use bismuth titanate ceramics for these applications has a major flaw, namely that the high electrical conductivity precludes the efficient polarization of these ma...

A study was conducted on the effects of microstructure, atmosphere, and several dopants on the electrical conductivity of bismuth titanate (Bi4Ti3O12, BIT), Increased grain size increased the conductivity in undoped BIT as did acceptor dopants that substituted for either Bi (Ca and Sr) or Ti (Fe), A donor dopant (Nb) decreased the conductivity in B...

The large piezoelectric effect of ferroelectric ceramics is utilized in many devices for sensing and actuating purposes. In this paper, the longitudinal direct piezoelectric effect in ceramics based on lead zirconate titanate, lead titanate, barium titanate and bismuth titanate is investigated as a function of the amplitude and frequency of the ext...

The large piezoelectric effect of ferroelectric ceramics is utilized in many devices for sensing and actuating purposes. In this paper, the longitudinal direct piezoelectric effect in ceramics based on lead zirconate titanate, lead titanate, barium titanate and bismuth titanate is investigated as a function of the amplitude and frequency of the ext...

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In situ transmission electron microscopy has been used to study Bi4Ti3O12, SrBi8Ti7O27, SrBi4Ti4O15 and Sr2Bi4Ti5O18, layered perovskites. A cell-doubling phase transition has been found in all compounds at temperatures above the ferroelectric phase transitions. This transition is associated with tilting of the octahedra in antiphase around the c a...

Rapid prototyping combined with microwave sintering can provide a fast manufacturing route, from virtual to finished part in less than one day. This combination can also be used for rapid qualification of materials and design development. Silicon nitride compositions were fabricated by rapid prototype using a layering method. The challenge was to d...

The barriers to the practical use of microwaves are identified, microwave furnace companies are identified and compared, and the recent developments using microwaves for high temperature processes are discussed. The effectiveness of using microwaves to promote heating for drying, calcination, binder removal, glass melting, and sintering of ceramics...

This project demonstrated microwave cracking of ethane with good product conversion and ethylene selectivity, with a short residence time (0.001 sec). The laboratory scale equipment was designed and built, along with concept designs for larger scale implementation. The system was operated below atmospheric pressures, in the range of 15-55 torr, wit...

Researchers have demonstrated that it is possible to hot forge ceramic composites without damaging the whisker reinforcement and to reduce flaw size and population. Hot forging was investigated for the systems A1203, A1203/ZrO2, mullite, AlN, and SiC with reinforcements of SiCw and TiB2. The system Al203/SiCw was demonstrated to be forgeable at 140...