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ǣǤʹͲʹ͵ǡͶ
ʹͲʹ͵ͺ͵ͲͺȋȌ
ͲͶȀͳͲȀʹͲʹ͵ǡǤǤ
INTRODUCTION
ȋȌ
ǡ Ǥ
Ǥ
ǡ
Ǥ ͳ ʹ
ͳͻ͵Ǥ ͳͻͺͺǡ
ʹ
Ǥ ȏͳȐ
Ǧ
Ǥ
ͳͷ
ǡǡǦ
ǡǤ
ǡ
ͳͷȂͶͲǡ
͵ǣʹ ǣ Ǥ
ǤȏʹȐ
ʹͲͳǤ
ǡ
Ǥ
Ǥ ǡ
ǡ
ȋȌ Ǧ ʹͲͳͳǤ
ʹͲͳ͵ǡ
ǡ ͻ
ʹͲʹͷǤȏ͵Ȑ
ͳ ǡ ǡ ǡ ǦͶʹͲͶʹǡ
ǡǤ
ǦǣͳͻͻͻǤ
ȗ
EPIDEMIOLOGY
ǯǡ
ǡ ǡ ǡ
Ǥ
ǯ
ǡ
Ǥ ȏͶȐ ǡ
Ǥ
Ǥ ͵
ʹ
ʹͲͳͳǡͻͲΨ.
ȏͷǡȐ
ʹǡͺͲΨǦ
Ǧ Ǥ
ǡ
ʹ Ǥ
Ǥ ʹͲͲͺǡ
͵ǤʹΨ
ǡ ͶͲǡͺͻͷ ȋʹǤͲΨȌ
ǤȏȐ
COMPLICATION OF DIABETES
ͳ ʹ
ǡ
Ǥ
ǤȏͺȐ
Microvascular Complication
ǡ
ǤȏͻȐ
1. Neuropathy
Ǧǡ
Ǧ Ǥ
ǤͶͲȂͷͲΨ
ǡ
A Short Review on Diabetes in Different Countries
Hesham Sami1*, Naziya Akhtar1, Rajesh Gour1, Akhlesh Kumar Singhai1
Abstract: ʹͲ ǡ
Ǥ ʹ
ǡ ǯǤ
ʹ ǡ ǡ
ǡ ǡ
ǤȋǦ
ȌȋǦ
ǦȌ Ǥ Ǧ
Ǥ
ǡ
ǡ Ǧ
ǡ Ǥǡ
ͳͷǤ
ǡʹͲͳǡǡǤ
ǡǤ
ʹͳ
ǡ
Ǥ
1
ǣǤʹͲʹ͵ǡͶ
ʹͲʹ͵ͺ͵ͲͺȋȌ
ͲͶȀͳͲȀʹͲʹ͵ǡǤǤ
Ǥ ȏͳͲȐ
ȋȌǡ
ȋȌ
Ǥ ͳǡ ʹ
ǡ
ͷͲΨͷΨǤȏͳͳȐ
2. Nephropathy
Ǧ ȋȌ
ȋȌǤ
ǯ ǡ
Ǥ
ȋȌǡ
ʹȋʹȌ
Ȁ
Ǥ Ǧ
͵Ͳ
ǤȏͳʹȐ
Macrovascular Complications
ǡȋȌǤȏͻȐ
CHALLENGES OF DIABETES IN 21ST CENTURY
ʹͲ ǡ
Ǥʹ
ǡ
Ǥ
ǡ
ʹ ȋǤǤǡ ǡ
Ȍ Ǥ
Ǥ Ͷͳͷ
ǡ ͻΨ ǡ
ǤʹͲͶͲǡ
Ͷʹ ǡ
Ǧ Ǧ Ǥ
ǡǡ
ǡ
Ǥȏͳ͵Ȑ
RECOGNITION OF THE CHALLENGES IN DIABETES
ǡ
Ǧ Ǥ
ǡ
ȋȌǤ
ǡ
ͳȀʹʹͷʹͲͲǡ
ǤȏͳͶȐ
WEIGHT LOSS
Ǧ
Ǥ
ǡ ǡ
Ǥ ǡ ͳȀʹʹͷǡ
ǡ
ʹͲͲǤȏͳͷȐ
GLOBAL PREVALENCE AND ECONOMIC BURDEN
ǦǤʹ
ȋ et alǤǡ ʹͲͳͺȌǤ
ȋȌ ʹͲͳ
Ͷʹͷ Ǥ
ͺǤͺΨ ʹͲȂͻ
ͻΨǦ Ǧ
ǤȏͳȐ
Figure 1: ǣȏͳͺȐ
2
ǣǤʹͲʹ͵ǡͶ
ʹͲʹ͵ͺ͵ͲͺȋȌ
ͲͶȀͳͲȀʹͲʹ͵ǡǤǤ
CHALLENGES IN DIABETES MANAGEMENT IN SOME
COUNTRIES
India
Ǥ
Ǧ Ǧ ǡ
Ͷ͵ǤǤͳͷͲΨ
ͷͶΨǤȏͳͷȐ
ǡ ͲΨ
Ǥ
ǡ Ͷ͵ǤͶΨ
Ǥ ǡ
ͳǤΨǡ ͷǤΨ ͶǤʹΨǡ
Ǥǡ
ǡʹǤͶΨʹǤͷΨ
ǡ Ǥ
ǡȂͳͳΨͳǡǡ
ͶǤʹΨ
ǤȏͳȐ
Indonesia
Ǥ
ȋͶǤͺΨ
ͳ ʹʹͲͻ
Ȍǡ Ǧ
ȋǤȌǡ
ʹͲͳʹǤȋ
Ȍǡ ͳ͵ʹǤʹ
ǡ Ǥ
ǡ Ǧ
͵ΨǤ Ȁǡ
ȋǤͶ ͵ʹΨ
ʹͲͳͲȌǡ
Ǥ
ȋͳǤͷ ʹͲͳͲΨ
ȌǤ
ȋͷǤͲ ǡ ʹΨ
ǡʹͲͳͲȌǤȏͳͻȐ
USA
ʹǤ
ǡ
ǡ
ǡǡ
ǡ
Ǥ
ǤȏʹͳȐ
ʹͲͳǤ ǡ Ǧ
ǡ ͲǤͷͷΨ ǤǤ
ǡͳǤ͵ǡͳǢͺǤΨǡ
ʹͳǤͲ ǡ ʹ Ǥ ͳ
Figure 2: ȋȌȋȌͷ
ʹ
ǡʹͲͳǤǦǦȋȌȏʹͲȐ
3
ǣǤʹͲʹ͵ǡͶ
ʹͲʹ͵ͺ͵ͲͺȋȌ
ͲͶȀͳͲȀʹͲʹ͵ǡǤǤ
ͷǤͺΨ ǡ ʹ
ͻͲǤͻΨ ǡ ͵Ǥ͵Ψ
ǤȏʹʹȐ
China
ǡ
Ǥ ʹͲͳǡ ȋ͵͵
ͳȌȋͳʹ
͵͵ ȌǤ ȏʹ͵Ȑ ʹͲͳͲǡ
ͳͲǤ͵Ψ
ͳͶǤ͵Ψ Ǥ ʹͲͳ͵
ǡ
ͳʹǤΨ
ȋͻǤͷΨȌǤ ʹͲͳͲ ǡ
ȋ͵ͺǤΨȌ
ȋʹͶǤΨȌ ǤǢ ʹͲͳͲ
ͶͲǤͺΨ
Ǧ ʹͲǤͷΨ Ǧ
ʹͲǢ ʹͲͳ͵ Ͷ͵ǤͳΨ
ʹͻǤͳΨ
Ǥǡ
Ǥ
ǡǡ
ǡ
ǤȏʹͶȐ
Pakistan
ͳͺͶǤ͵ͷ ǡ
Ǥ
ǡ
ͳͳǤͶΨ ȋ
Ǥ͵ͻǦͳǤͷΨȌǤ Ǥͻ
ʹͲͳͶǡ ǤͺΨ
ʹͲ ͻǤ
ǡǯ
ʹͲ͵ͷǡ ǡ
ͳʹǤͺ ǡ
ǯ ͳͲ
ǤȏʹȐ
Kuwait
ǡ
Ǥ
ǡ
Ǧǡ
ǤȏʹͺȐǡ
Figure 3: ʹͲͲͲǦʹͲͶͷȏʹͷȐ
Figure 4: ȏʹȐ
4
ǣǤʹͲʹ͵ǡͶ
ʹͲʹ͵ͺ͵ͲͺȋȌ
ͲͶȀͳͲȀʹͲʹ͵ǡǤǤ
Figure 5: ȋʹͲǦͻȌʹͲͲͲʹͲͳȏ͵ͲȐ
Table 1: Some Researches in field of Diabetes
S No.
Researcher/year
Title of Research.
Finding
Ref.
ͳ
et al.ȀʹͲʹ͵
Ǥ
.
[31]
ʹ
et alǤȀʹͲʹ͵
ǣ
Ǥ
Ǧ
Ǥ
[32]
͵
et alǤȀʹͲʹ͵
Ǧͳͻ
ǣ
Ǧ
ʹǤͺΨ ȋͻͷΨαͳͷǤȂ
ͶͳǤͻΨȌǤ
ǡͲǤͻͲȋͻͷΨαͲǤͳȂͳǤͳͷȌ
ͲǤͺͺȋͻͷΨαͲǤȂͳǤͲʹȌ
[33]
Ͷ
et al.ȀʹͲʹ͵
Ǧ Ǧ
ʹ
ͳǦ
Ǥ
ͳǦ
ǡ
ʹǤ
[34]
ͷ
et al. Ȁ
ʹͲʹʹ
ǣ
ǦǡͳʹǤ
Ǥ
Ǧǡ
Ǧ Ǧ
ǦǤ
[35]
et al. ȀʹͲʹʹ
ʹ
ǡ
ǡ
Ǥ
[36]
et al. ȀʹͲʹʹ
Ǥ
ͳʹǤ
ǡ
Ǥ
[37]
ͺ
et al. ȀʹͲʹͳ
Ǧͳͻ ǣ
Ǥ
ǦͳͻǦ ȋȌ
ȋͶͳȌǡ
Ǥ
ȋȌ
ȋͻͶΨȌ
ȋΨȌ
ǦͳͻȋͻͷΨȌǤ
[38]
ͻ
et al ȀʹͲʹͳ
ǣ
Ǥ
[39]
ͳͲ
et al. ȀʹͲʹͳ
[40]
5
ǣǤʹͲʹ͵ǡͶ
ʹͲʹ͵ͺ͵ͲͺȋȌ
ͲͶȀͳͲȀʹͲʹ͵ǡǤǤ
ȾǦ
ʹǡ
ȾǦ
ʹǤ
ͳͳǤ
et al. ȀʹͲʹͲ
Ǧͳͻǣ
Ǥ
ǦͳͻǤ
[41]
ͳʹ
et al. ȀʹͲʹͲ
ǡ
Ǥ
Ǥ
[42]
ͳ͵
et al. Ȁ
ʹͲʹͲ
ǣ
Ǥ
Ǥ
[43]
ͳͶ
et al. ȀʹͲʹͲ
Ǧ
ǣ
Ǥ
Cyamospsis
tetragonolobusȋȌǤ
[44]
ͳͷ
et al. ȀʹͲͳͻ
ǦǦ
Ǧ
ʹ
ǡ Ǧ
ǦͶǦ
ʹ
[45]
ͳ
et al. ȀʹͲͳͺ
͵ʹͻͺͳǡǦͳ
ʹ ǣ
Ǧͳ
ǡ ͵ʹͻͺͳǡ
Ǧͳ ʹ
ȋʹȌǤ
[46]
ͳ
et al. / 2018
ǡ
ǣ
ǡ ȽǦ
Ƚ
Ǧ
ͳ͵ͻǤͳ
ͳǤ Ȁ Ǥ ǡ
ͳ͵ͻǤͳ
ͳǤȀǤ
ǡ
ȋ
1a–d
Ȍǡ ȋ2a–
d
4a–dȌ ȋ3a–d
Ȍ
ǡȽ
ǦȽǦ
Ǥ
ȋ1a–d
Ȍǡ ȋ2a–
d
4a–d
Ȍ ȋ
3a–d
Ȍ
ǡȽǦȽǦ
Ǥ
[47]
ͳͺ
et al. ȀʹͲͳͺ
ͺ
ǣ
Ǥ
ͺ
Ǥ
[48]
ͳͻ
et al. Ȁ
ʹͲͳͺ
Ǧ ʹ
Ǧ Ǧ
Ǧ
Ǥ
ʹǦȋʹͶ͵
ǡ ͳ͵ͷ ʹ
ǡ ͶͲ͵
ȌǤ
[49]
ʹͲ
et al. Ȁ
ʹͲͳ
ʹͳǡ Ǧ
ͳ
ȋͳȌ
ǡ
Ǥ
ʹͳǡ
ͳ
Ǥ
[50]
ʹͳ
et al. ȀʹͲͳ
ȽǦ
Ǧ
Ǧ
Ǧ
͵ͲΨǤ
[51]
ʹʹ
et al. ȀʹͲͳ
ǣ
Ǥ
[52]
6
ǣǤʹͲʹ͵ǡͶ
ʹͲʹ͵ͺ͵ͲͺȋȌ
ͲͶȀͳͲȀʹͲʹ͵ǡǤǤ
Ǥ
ʹ͵
et al / ʹͲͳ
Ǧ
ǦͷǦȏͶǦȋͳǦȌ
Ȑ
ǦͳHǦǦ͵Ǧ
ȋǦͲͶͲͻͷȌǡ
Ǧ
ȋȌǡ
Ǥ
ǡ ǦͲͶͲͻͷ ȋȌǤ
ǦǦ
Ǥ
[53]
ʹͶ
et al. Ȁ
ʹͲͳ
ͳ
ǡ
ǡ
[54]
ʹͷ
et al. ȀʹͲͳͷ
ͷ
ʹ
Ǥ
15cǡ
ͳͶͲͳǡ ʹʹ͵ %ʹ
Ǧʹ ǡ
[55]
ʹ
et al. Ȁ
ʹͲͳͷ
ͳǡ͵ǡͷǦǦ
ǦʹǡͶǦ
ǦͶ
ͳ
ʹ
Ǥ
ͳǡ͵ǡͷǦǦǦ
ʹǡͶǦ
Ǥ
[56]
ʹ
et al. ȀʹͲͳͶ
ͳ
ʹǤ
ͳ
ʹǤ
[57]
ʹͺ
et al. ȀʹͲͳ͵
ǡ
Ǧ
ȋʹ͵͵ͲʹȌ
ʹ
ʹ͵͵Ͳʹȋ56Ȍ
ǡ
ʹ
[58]
ʹͻ
et al.
Ȁ
ʹͲͳ͵
C
Ǧ
ʹ
ʹ ǣ
ͷͶ͵Ǥ
8eȋͷͶ͵Ȍ
Ǧʹ Ǥ
͵ǦȏȋǦʹǦȌȐǤ
[59]
͵Ͳ
et al. ȀʹͲͳʹ
ǡ CǦ
O
Ǧ
ǡ
ʹ
ȋʹȌ
ʹǤ
16d
ȋͶͷʹǡȌǡ
[60]
31
et al. Ȁ
ʹͲͳʹ
ȋͳͻͶͳȌǣ
C
Ǧ
Ǧ ʹ
ȋʹȌ
ʹ
ʹ
Ǧ
Ǧ
Ǥ
[61]
͵ʹ
et al. Ȁ
ʹͲͳͳ
ǣ
N
ǡ
N
ǦǦͷǦȋʹǦǦǦȋȋͷǦ
ǦʹǦȌǦ
Ȍ
ǦͶǦ
ȌǦʹǦ
ʹ
Nǡ NǦǦͷǦȋʹǦ
ǦǦȋȋͷǦǦʹǦȌǦȌ
ǦͶǦȌ ǦʹǦ
Ǥ
[62]
͵͵
et al. ȀʹͲͳͲ
ǣ
Ǧ
ʹ
Ǥ
ȋͺȌǡ
Ǥ
[63]
͵Ͷ
et al. ȀʹͲͲͻ
Ǧ
ǦǦ
ǦͶͲȋͳȌ
ǡ
ʹǤ
[64]
7
ǣǤʹͲʹ͵ǡͶ
ʹͲʹ͵ͺ͵ͲͺȋȌ
ͲͶȀͳͲȀʹͲʹ͵ǡǤǤ
ͶͲȋͶͲȀͳȀͳȌǣ
ʹǤ
͵ͷ
et al. ȀʹͲͲͺ
ͳ ȋ
ͳ
ȀͶͲȌǡ
ͶǦ
ͳ
ȋ
ͳ
Ȍ Ǥ
20ȋǦͶʹͶǡ ͷͲ
α ͵ʹ
Ȍ
Ǧ
ͳͲͲ
ͳ
Ǥ
[65]
͵
et al. Ȁ
ʹͲͲ
ȋȌǡ
ʹ
Ǥ
ȋȌǡ
ǦͶ
ʹǤ
[66]
͵
et al. ȀʹͲͲ
ȋȋͶǡͷȌǦͷǦǦͶǦ
ȋʹǡͶǡͷǦ ȌǦͳǦ
ȌǦȋ͵Ǧ ȋȌǦͷǡǦ
Ǧ ȏͳǡʹǡͶȐȏͶǡ͵ǦȐǦ
ȋͺȌǦȌȋǥ
ʹͷ ȋǦ͵ͶͳȌǡ
ǡͶ
[67]
͵ͺ
et al. ȀʹͲͲͷ
ȋǦͶͳͳͺȌǣ
ǡ Ǧǡ
ʹǤ
ǡ
Ǧ
Ͷͳͳͺ ȋȌǡ ǡ
ǦǦǤ
[68]
͵ͻ
et al. ȀʹͲͲͶ
ǡ Ǧ
ǡ
Ǧ
ʹ
ʹǤ
Ǧ Ͷ
Ǧʹ
ȋʹȌ
Ǧǡ ʹ ȋǦ
ͳͲͻͷȌǤ
ͶǦ͵
ȋȌ
ʹ
Ǧ
ǦȋǦȌǤ
[69]
ͶͲ
et al. ȀʹͲͲ͵
ͷǦ Ǧʹǡ ͶǦǣ
ȽȀɀ
Ǥ
ͷǦǦʹǡͶǦ
ȽȀɀǤ
Ǥ
Ȁ ʹ
Ǥ
[70]
ǡ ȋȌ Ǥ
ͺͲΨ
ʹͲͳͶǡ ȋȌ
ǦͶͲΨ
Ǥ
Ǣ
ͳͲͲͲ ȋȌ Ǥ
ʹͲͳǡʹΨ
ǤȏʹͻȐ
RECENT ADVANCEMENT IN AREA OF DIABETES
ͳǤ
CONCLUSION
Ǧ
ʹͳ Ǥ ǡ
Ǥ
Ǥ ǯ
ȋ
Ǧ
ȌǤ
REFERENCES
ͳǤ ǡ ǡ ǡ ǡ ǡ
ǡ ǡ Ǥ
ǯǤǡ
ͻʹȋͳȌǣǦͺͳǡʹͲͳͲǤ
ʹǤ ǡ Ǥ Ǥǡ
ͶͶȋͳȌǣ͵ǦͳͷǡʹͲͲͳǤ
͵Ǥ Ǥ ǣ Ǥ
ǡ ͳȋͳȌǣ͵ǡ
ʹͲͳǤ
ͶǤ ǡ Ǥ
ǤǡͳͷȋͲȌǣʹ͵ʹǦ
ʹͷʹǡͳͻͻʹǤ
8
ǣǤʹͲʹ͵ǡͶ
ʹͲʹ͵ͺ͵ͲͺȋȌ
ͲͶȀͳͲȀʹͲʹ͵ǡǤǤ
ͷǤ ȋͳʹǤȌǤ
Ȁǡǡͳ͵ͳȂͳͶ͵ͷǡʹͲͲǤ
Ǥ ǡ ǡ Ǥ
ʹ Ȅ
Ǥ ǡ ͺȋͶȌǣʹʹͺǦ͵ǡ
ʹͲͳʹǤ
Ǥ Ǥ ǡ ǡ
Ǥ ǡ ȋͷȌǣͳǦͻǡ
ʹͲͳͷǤ
ͺǤ ǡǦǡ Ǥ
Ǧ Ǥ
ǡͺͺȋͳͳȌǣͳʹͷͶȂͳʹͶǡʹͲͲͺǤ
ͻǤ ǡǡǤ
Ǥ
ǡʹͲͳͷȋͲȌǣͳʹǡʹͲͳͷǤ
ͳͲǤ ǡ Ǧ ǡ ǡ Ǥ
Ǥ ǡ ͵ʹͲȋʹͶͳȌǣͳͲʹǦ
ͳͲǡʹͲͳͲǤ
ͳͳǤ ǡ ǡ ǡ Ǥ
Ǥ ǡ
ͶʹȋͶȌǣͶǦͺǡʹͲͳ͵Ǥ
ͳʹǤ ǡ Ǥ ǣ Ǥ
ǣǡ͵ǦǡʹͲʹͲǤ
ͳ͵Ǥ ǡǡǡ Ǥǣ
ʹͳǤ Ƭǡ
ʹȋͳȌǣͷǦͶǡʹͲͳͶǤ
ͳͶǤ ǡ ǡ ǡ Ǥ ʹ
ǣ ʹͳ Ǥ Ƭ
Ƭǡ͵Ͳȋ͵Ȍǣ͵͵ͳǦͶ͵ǡʹͲͳǤ
ͳͷǤ ǡǡǤʹ
Ȅ ǫ
ʹͳ Ǥ ǡ
ͷͻȋ͵ȌǣͳͷǦͺͲǡʹͲͲ͵Ǥ
ͳǤ ǡǡǡǡǡ
ǡ ǡ ǡ Ǥ
ǣ Ǥ
ǡͺʹǣͳʹʹͷǡʹͲͳͻǤ
ͳǤ ǡ ǡ ǡ ǡ ǡ
ǤǦǣ
ȂǤǡͶͻǣͳȂʹʹǡʹͲͲͳǤ
ͳͺǤ ǡ ǡ ǡ ǡ Ǥ
ǣǤǡȋͲȌǣͳȂʹǡ
ʹͲͲ͵Ǥ
ͳͻǤ ǣȀȀǤǤȀȀǦǦ
ǦǦǦǦǦǦǦǦǦǦ
ǦȀǦͺͷͳʹǤ
ʹͲǤ ǡǡǤ
ǣ Ǥ
ǡͻȋͳȌǣͳǦǡʹͲͳ͵Ǥ
ʹͳǤ ǡ ǡ ǡǡ
ǡ Ǥʹ
Ǥ
ǡʹͺȋͲȌǣͺʹǦͺͻǡʹͲʹʹǤ
ʹʹǤ ǡǡǡǤ
Ȁ ǣ
Ǥ
ǡ͵͵ͶȋͶȌǣʹͶǦͺʹǡʹͲͲǤ
ʹ͵Ǥ ǡ ǡ ǡ ǡ ǡ
ǡ ǡ ǡǤ
Ȅǡ
ʹͲͳǤ ǡ ȋͳʹȌǣ͵ͷͻǡ
ʹͲͳͺǤ
ʹͶǤ Ǥ
ʹͲͳǤ
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9
ǣǤʹͲʹ͵ǡͶ
ʹͲʹ͵ͺ͵ͲͺȋȌ
ͲͶȀͳͲȀʹͲʹ͵ǡǤǤ
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Ǥ
ǡͳͷǣͳͲͺʹʹǡʹͲʹͲǤ
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Ǥǡͺ͵ȋͳȌǣͷͻǦͷǡʹͲʹͲǤ
ͶͶǤ ǡǡǤ
ǣ
Ǥ Ƭ ǡʹͲͲȋʹȌǣͳ͵ͳǦ
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ǦͷǦȏͶǦȋͳǦȌ ȐǦͳ ǦǦ͵Ǧ
ȋǦͲͶͲͻͷȌǡ
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ȋȋͷǦǦʹǦȌǦȌ ǦͶǦȌ
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ʹ Ǥ ǡ
ʹȋͻȌǣͺʹͺǦͺ͵ͻǡʹͲͳͳǤ
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ʹ Ǥ Ƭ
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ͷǤ ǡ ǡ Ǥ
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ǦǦ ͶͲ ȋͶͲȀͳȀͳȌǣ
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Ǥ ǡǡǡǡ ǡ
ǡ ǡ ǡ ǡ ǡ ǡ
Ǥ
ͳȋͳȀͶͲȌǡ
10
ǣǤʹͲʹ͵ǡͶ
ʹͲʹ͵ͺ͵ͲͺȋȌ
ͲͶȀͳͲȀʹͲʹ͵ǡǤǤ
Ǥ
ǡͷͳȋʹʹȌǣͲͳǦͲͶǡʹͲͲͺǤ
Ǥ ǡ Ǥ
ȋȌǡ
ʹǤ
ǡȋȌǣͷͷǦͷͺǡʹͲͲͺǤ
ͺǤ ǡǡǡǡǡǡ
ǡ ǡ ǡ ǡ Ǥ
ȋȋͶ ǡ ͷ ȌǦͷǦǦͶǦȋʹǡ Ͷǡ ͷǦȌ
ǦͳǦȌǦȋ͵ǦȋȌǦͷǡ ǦǦȏͳǡ ʹǡ ͶȐ
ȏͶǡ͵ǦȐǦ ȋͺ ȌǦȌ ȋǦ͵ͶͳȌǡ
ǡǡ
ʹ Ǥ
ǡͶͻȋʹʹȌǣͶ͵ͻǦͶͶʹǡʹͲͲǤ
ͻǤ ǡ ǡ ǡǡ ǡ
ǡǡǡǡǡ
Ǥ ȋǦ
ͶͳͳͺȌǣ ǡǦǡ
ʹ Ǥ
ǡͶͺȋͳͷȌǣͷͲʹͷǦͷͲ͵ǡʹͲͲͷǤ
ͲǤ ǡ ǡ ǡ ǡ ǡ
ǡ ǡ ǡ ǡ
ǡǦ Ǥ ǡ Ǧ
ǡ Ǧ
ʹ ʹ
Ǥ ǡ ͷ͵ȋͳȌǣ͵ͷͷǦ͵Ͳǡ
ʹͲͳͲǤ
ͳǤ ǡ ǡ ǡ ǡ ǡ
ǡǡǡǡǡ
Ǥ ͷǦ Ǧʹǡ ͶǦǣ
ȽȀɀ Ǥ Ƭ
ǡͳ͵ȋͳȌǣʹͻͷǦʹͻͺǡʹͲͲ͵Ǥ
Cite this article as:ǡǡ
et al
Ǥ
Ǥ ǣ ǡ ʹͲʹ͵ȋͶȌǣͳǦͳͳǡ
ʹͲʹ͵Ǥ
11