Hendrikus Duifhuis

University of Groningen | RUG · Audiology Center ENT

Formally psychoacoustics started after ~1950, but during the preceding period many basic elements emerged. Traditionally the Netherlands’ developments were most directly linked to European mainland schools, but in the forties British and American interests took over most links. The great wars during this period stimulated an interest in information...

In 1999 Shera and Guinan postulated that otoacoustic emissions evoked by low-level transient stimuli are generated by coherent linear reflection (CRF or CLR). This hypothesis was tested experimentally, e.g., by Siegel and Charaziak[10] by measuring emissions evoked by short (1 ms) tone pips in chinchilla. Using techniques in which supplied level an...

The field of cochlear mechanics has received an increasing interest over the last few decades. In the majority of these studies the researchers use linear systems analysis or linear approximations of the nonlinear (NL) systems. Even though it has been clear that the intact cochlea operates nonlinearly, lack of tools for proper nonlinear analysis, a...

The responses to several PTPV stimulus sets have been obtained with the Groningen NL-time domain model. In most cases we analyzed passive rather than active models because negative damping supposedly would effect the behavior at low stimulus levels only. A nonlinear damping change in the approx. 40 – 60 dB (SPL) interval is present in the NL model...

Georg Békésy laid the foundation for cochlear mechanics, foremost by demonstrating the traveling wave that is the substrate for mammalian cochlear mechanical processing. He made mechanical measurements and physical models in order to understand that fundamental cochlear response. In this tribute to Békésy we make a bridge between modern traveling w...

After brief examples from Early Greek studies and from the Renaissance of auditory research, developments during the nineteenth and the first half of the twentieth centuries are addressed. This period covers the transition from careful description to formal analysis, and provides the foundation of modern cochlear mechanics, linking medical data to...

This chapter describes characteristics of auditory phenomena that appear to be attributable to a properly described nonlinear cochlea. In view of a reliable quantification, the discussion is here largely limited to relatively recent experimental data.

In this chapter we present examples of areas where an efficient NL time domain cochlea model is potentially useful. This includes the front-end application for auditory brain processing, ASR models, and hearing aids. Next we address the relation between Hopf bifurcation models and van der Pol models for CMs. We conclude with our general conclusions...

In this chapter, we present example results from the NL cochlea, analyzed in the time domain. The examples cover three categories: level effects, combination tones, and onset delay effects. The first two topics were originally addressed in a project by Marc van den Raadt, the last two by Peter van Hengel.

This chapter presents tools that are available for the analysis of nonlinear properties of (some of the constituents of) the cochlea. It starts with a reference to properties of power law devices. In the next section it discusses properties of nonlinear oscillators in more detail than was done in Chap. 5.

Cochlear mechanics is a field that relies strongly on fluid mechanics, linear and nonlinear signal processing, and additional mathematical tools. This is applied to a biological structure. A selection of useful—and possibly superfluous—prerequisites is presented in Appendix 8. Throughout, terminology and unit definitions follow the ANSI (2005) stan...

This chapter presents some elementary tools which are used to analyze physical properties of (some of the constituents of) the cochlea. Acoustic signals depend strongly on the properties of the sound carrying medium. Vacuum, or an incompressible nonabsorbing wall, blocks propagation. Up to the middle ear the medium is air, with propagation properti...

This chapter presents some details of technical and experimental progress that was made during the period 1950–1980

This chapter presents an introduction to nonlinear cochlear modeling. It starts with some general definitions, goes to the basic DEs, and discusses tools to solve these. The art of minimizing errors by not using signal analysis tools that are only valid in linear systems is advocated. Starting with a circuit example, we move on to the cochlea.

The successful modeling of the non‐linear behavior in stiffness properties of hair bundles of auditory hair cells in sub‐mammals and in vitro preparations of mammalian hair cells has stimulated several investigators to propose far‐reaching similarity of the functioning of the mammalian organ of Corti. Models have been proposed that share the common...

Audiovisual processing was studied in a functional magnetic resonance imaging study using the McGurk effect. Perceptual responses and the brain activity patterns were measured as a function of audiovisual delay. In several cortical and subcortical brain areas, BOLD responses correlated negatively with the perception of the McGurk effect. No brain a...

A method to reduce the acoustic noise generated by gradient systems in MRI has been recently proposed; such a method is based on the linear response theory. Since the physical cause of MRI acoustic noise is the time derivative of the gradient current, a common trapezoid current shape produces an acoustic gradient coil response mainly during the ris...

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) enables sites of brain activation to be localized in human subjects. For auditory system studies, however, the acoustic noise generated by the scanner tends to interfere with the assessments of this activation. Understanding and modeling fMRI acoustic noise is a useful step to its reduction. To study aco...

The main interest of this research project is to promote automation in performing preoperative planning for hip joint replacement surgery using a special medical image viewing software, ViewPro. Preoperative planning is performed to carefully prepare the surgery and to accurately select the hip implants. The first step of preoperative planning is t...

Distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs) provide relatively easily accessible external information about internal properties of the inner ear. A primary result is that the detection of normal DPOAE components is a strong indicator of normal functioning of the cochlear mechanics. The details of amplitude and phase behavior of the DPOAEs, an...

This paper concerns the problem of correcting spin-history artefacts in fMRI data. We focus on the influence of through-plane motion on the history of magnetization. A change in object position will disrupt the tissue's steady-state magnetization. The disruption will propagate to the next few acquired volumes until a new steady state is reached. In...

In a two-alternative, forced-choice experiment, subjects had to compare the pitches of two sounds, A and B. Each sound was composed of four successive harmonics of a fundamental frequency between 100 to 250 Hz, added in cosine or Schröder phase. The harmonic frequencies of A were lower than those of B; the missing fundamental frequency of A was hig...

This letter concerns the paper "An approximate transfer function for the dual-resonance nonlinear filter model of auditory frequency selectivity" [E. A. Lopez-Poveda, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 114, 2112-2117 (2003)]. It proposes a correction of the historical framework in which the paper is presented. Additionally it mentions some general problems associ...

What is the impact of the spin history and position history on signal intensity after the alignment of acquired volumes? This question arises in many fMRI studies. We will focus on spin-history artefacts generated by the position-history of the scanned object. In fMRI an object is driven to steady state by applying a few dummy scans at the start of...

In fMRI, any fluctuation of signal intensity, not recognized as a result of a specific task, is treated as noise. One source for "noise" is subject motion. Normally, motion effects are reduced by applying realignment. We investigate how apt a realignment procedure is in removing motion-related effects by comparing the distribution of the normalized...

We have developed a flexible 1D cochlea model to test hypotheses and data against physical and mathematical constraints. The model is flexible in the sense that several linear and nonlinear model characteristics can be selected, and different boundary conditions can be tested. The software model runs at a reasonable speed at a modern PC. As an exam...

What is the impact of the spin history and position history on signal intensity after the alignment of acquired volumes? This question arises in many fMRI studies. We will focus on spin-history artefacts generated by the position-history of the scanned object. In fMRI an object is driven to steady state by applying a few dummy scans at the start of...

What is the impact of the spin history and position history on signal intensity after the alignment of acquired volumes? This question arises in many fMRI studies. We will focus on spin-history artefacts generated by the position-history of the scanned object. In fMRI an object is driven to steady state by applying a few dummy scans at the start of...

A method is presented to study the generation of intermodulation distortion products (IDPs) in a nonlinear model of the human cochlea in detail. The model used is a simple one-dimensional (long wave) transmission line model, using a simple mass-stiffness-damping combination for the local cochlear partition mechanics. Nonlinearity is introduced in t...

This comment specifies reservations about the generalizability of de Boer’s letter [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 103, 3725 (1998)] in which he claims that the real (nonlinear) cochlea can be analyzed using a straightforward extension of a common linear analysis. Two points are elaborated. Basically they regard physical aspects of boundary conditions at the...

In this study the results of simulations with a nonlinear macromechanical model of the human cochlea are presented. In this model it is possible to investigate the interactions between large numbers of spontaneous emissions. The focus of this study is on the effect of a local maximum in emission strength on its direct surroundings. The suppression...

Conscious perception of auditory nonlinearity in combination tones, the low?frequency intermodulation products of two or more tones, goes at least back to Tartini (1692?1770). Renewed interest around 1970 [e.g., J. L. Goldstein, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 41, 676?689 (1967); J. L. Hall, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 56, 1818?1828 (1974); G. F. Smoorenburg, J. Acous...

Pressure measurements in the supra-orbital canal of the ruff (Acerina cernua L.) lateral line are presented. It is shown that the presence of the cupula strongly influences magnitude and phase of the canal pressure, and that the pressure phase varies markedly along the canal.

Single unit resting activities were recorded from fibres innervating a neuromast of the supra-orbital canal of the lateral line system of the ruff (Acerina cernua). The interval histogram of 1 of the 4 types of resting activity had a bimodal distribution (bursting activity). The resting activity of these fibres was compared with the measured vibrat...

Over the last decade it has become clear that active and nonlinear behavior of the cochlea is to a certain extent similar to that of a Van der Poloscillator. This was first proposed by Johannesma (1980). It was worked out in more detail by several groups (e.g., van Netten and Duifhuis, 1983, Duifhuis et al., 1985, Jones et al., 1986, Diependaal et...

At this point I assume that nonlinear behaviour of the auditory system is a generally accepted, although not completely understood, experimental fact. In order to explore the underlying mechanisms I take a biophysical approach, viz. I try to describe the processes in terms of useful, efficient, mathematical physics. Of course this approach is by no...

In this article, a robust numerical solution method for one-dimensional (1-D) cochlear models in the time domain is presented. The method has been designed particularly for models with a cochlear partition having nonlinear and active mechanical properties. The model equations are discretized with respect to the spatial variable by means of the prin...

Within the context of interest in analyzing ‘active’ and nonlinear processes in the cochlea we have been studying a model cochlea in which the local membrane impedance is described by a Van der Pol-oscillator. The behaviour of the undriven and sinusoidally driven discretized model is examined numerically. The undriven model describes the behaviour...

The basilar membrane (BM) in the greater horseshoe bat has a peculiar thickness and width profile, which suggests that BM-stiffness in the basal half turn is more than one order of magnitude greater than in the second half turn and more apically. The transition is quite abrupt. Motivated by new data on the cochlear frequency map we analyse the poss...

Bats of the genus Rhinolophus provide a natural experiment to inquire into the cochlear mechanisms involved in exceptional high tuning to a narrow frequency range. The main features of their auditory system, namely the sharp tuning to the species- and individual specific constant frequency * (CF-) component of the echolocation call and the overrepr...

The current interpretations of data pertaining to cochlear mechanics appear to converge on the points that: 1. the ratio between pressure across the basilar membrane and membrane velocity is nonlinear, and 2. the mechano-electrical transduction process may be reversible, so that it can operate as an active mechanical process. It is becoming more wi...

Recent developments in hearing theory have resulted in the rather general acceptance of the idea that the perception of pitch of complex sounds is the result of the psychological pattern recognition process. The pitch is supposedly mediated by the fundamental of the harmonic spectrum which fits the spectrum of the complex sound optimally. The probl...

Recent developments in hearing theory have resulted in the rather general acceptance of the idea that the perception of pitch of complex sounds is the result of the psychological pattern recognition process. The pitch is supposedly mediated by the fundamental of the harmonic spectrum which fits the spectrum of the complex sound optimally. The probl...

3 listeners with sensorineural hearing loss ranging from moderate to moderate-severe starting at frequencies higher than 1 kHz participated in two masking experiments and a partial masking experiment. In the first masking experiment, fM = 1 KHz and LM = 50 dB SPL, higher than normal masked thresholds were obtained for listeners whose hearing was im...

Many nonlinear auditory phenomena are described with a BPNL model, which consists of a nonlinear element preceded and followed by a linear filter. We aim at identifying these elements with cochlear processes. The directional sensitivity of the hair cell is assumed to provide a basis for the second filter. The nonlinearity is hypothesized at the lev...

Measurements of psychophysical two-tone suppression in a number of subjects are described. Levels of the stimulus components (suppressee, L1, and suppressor, L2) were the primary experimental variables. In all experiments the pulsation threshold was used with the probe frequency fr fixed at the suppressee frequency f1. In an initial experiment f1 w...

Auditory data on sharpening, lateral suppression and combination tones can be put in the single framework of a BPNL‐model. This consists of a sequence of a linear filter, a time‐invariant nonlinearity, and a second linear filter. We have proposed a slightly different physiological model in which nonlinearity and second filter are supposed to occur...

The current hearing theory views on perception of pitch in complex sounds converge towards the interpretation that pitch is the result of a psychological pattern recognition process. Pitch is determined by the fundamental of the harmonic sound which spectrum optimally matches that of the complex sound. Goldstein [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 54, 1496–1516 (...

Recently we proposed a theoretical model for cochlear nonlinearity and second filter [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 59, 408–423 (1971)]. From psychophysical two‐tone suppression data we attempted to estimate characteristics of the two filters and of the compressive nonlinearity y = x ν. In our first experiments probe frequency (suppressee as well as test pro...

We indicate that the directional sensitivity of the hair cell together with a directional distribution of frequency over the hair cells comprise a possible physiological basis for the second filter. Tuning disparity of the first and second filter denotes the difference in tuning frequency; at a given position x the tuning frequency of the first fil...

The measurement of the effect of the bandwidth of a noise masker which masks a centrally located tonal probe, provides a possibility to determine the critical bandwidth. The result of such a measurement typically shows two types of asymptotic behavior: For narrow bands the masking effect is determined by the power in the band, for wide bands, howev...

The frequency selectivity of the peripheral ear (e.g., at the VIIIth nerve level) is so acute that onset and offset transients in responses to short signals produce a non negligible extension of the signal duration. Thus, peripheral excitation patterns produced by signals which were separated in time can overlap and thereby mask each other. This ty...

Schroeder and Hall’s model gives an elegant and easily visualizable description of adaption of the auditory receptor cell. However, other features of the model, including mathematical analysis of the transfer properties of the model, have received considerable attention in the literature (Siebert and Gray, 1963; Siebert, 1965, 1968, 1970, 1972; Dui...

Backward masking is the phenomenon that an intense masker masks a weak and brief probe that Precedes the masker.Usually it has been attributed to the notion that in the Auditory pathway the neural response to a louder signal propagates faster than the response to a weak signal. Therefore, the response to the masker would overtake the probe response...

This comment presents some speculative ideas about a possible site of “the second filter” and of a compressing nonlinearity. The class of transducers consisting of filter, nonlinearity and second filter has implications for a variety of psychophysical and physiological phenomena. Two-tone suppression, frequency selectivity (sharpening), and combina...

The finding that spectrally suppressed high harmonics (n>16) in a periodic pulse are perceptible has been related [H. Duifhuis, J. Acoust. Soc. Amer. 48, 888–893 (1970); 49, 1155–1163 (1971)] to the ear's limited resolving power in peripheral frequency analysis. The limited frequency resolution provides the possibility for an analysis in time....

Frequency analysis at the level of the VIIIth nerve is so sharp that onset and offset effects in responses to short signals produce a non‐negligible extension of the signal duration. Therefore, excitation patterns produced by signals that were separated in time, can overlap. The overlap of excitation patterns can produce masking, in simultaneous as...

In a previous paper the audibility has been reported of high harmonics which had been eliminated from the spectrum of a periodic pulse. The present paper gives evidence that this phenomenon can be ascribed to an analysis of the time pattern of the stimulus. This time analysis is thought to occur after a frequency analysis with limited resolving pow...

A periodic pulse consisting of sufficiently narrow pulses has a frequency spectrum which contains all harmonics with equal amplitude. Owing to the limited resolving power of the hearingorgan, only the low harmonics can be perceived separately. The high harmonics are heard together as one complex signal. We have found that harmonics above a certain...

Pitch strength profiles were estimated by repeated measurements of the pitch of three-tone complexes with the lowest harmonic number, n1, varying from 3 to 11 and with fundamental frequencies (f0) between 200 and 300 Hz. A pitch matching task was used to obtain information about the possible pitch values of the stimuli and their relative pitch stre...

Abstract In the current study functional magnetic resonance imaging was used to in- vestigate cross-modal integration of audio-visual (AV) speech perception by using the McGurk effect. In the McGurk effect, the auditory perception is changed due to AV integration. In our experiment fifteen subjects were asked to identify vowel-consonant-vowel sylla...

"Stellingen"--Inserted (3 p.). "Stellingen" dated: 29 februari 1972. Proefschrift (doctoral)--Technische Hogeschool Eindhoven, 1972. Includes bibliographical references (p. 162-175) and index.

Adaptation in responses in primary auditory nerve fibers is a well documented phenomenon. There is little or no evidence that it is present at the level of the hair cell receptor potential. Therefore, it is quite plausible that the underlying mechanism(s) originate at the synapse. An attractive model for this mechanism is implied in the several “de...